Chapter05.pdf

CHAPTER 5: COMMUNICATING AND NETWORK  Discuss the purpose of the components required for Discuss successful communications and identify various sending and receiving devices Differe Di...

CHAPTER 5: COMMUNICATING AND NETWORK  Discuss the purpose of the components required for Discuss successful communications and identify various sending and receiving devices Differe Differentiate between client/server and peer-to-peer ntiate networks OBJECTIVES OVERVIEW Describ Describe e the various network communications standards and protocols Differe Differentiate among LANs, ntiate MANs, WANs, and PANs Explain the purpose of Explain communications software 2  Describe various types of Describe communications lines Different Differentiate among wireless iate transmission media OBJECTIVES OVERVIEW Describe Describe commonly used communications devices Discuss different ways to set up Discuss and configure a home network Different Differentiate among physical iate transmission media 3  COMMUNICATION Digital communications describes a process in which two or more computers or devices transfer data, instructions, and information Sending Transmission Receiving device media device 4 COMMUNICATION 5 NETWORKS A network is a collection of computers and devices connected together via communications devices and transmission media Advantages of a network include: Facilitating Sharing Sharing data and communications hardware information Transferring Sharing software funds 6 NETWORKS 7 NETWORK TOPOLOGIES Star Topology: All devices connected to a central hub. Bus Topology: All devices connected to a single central cable. Ring Topology: Devices connected in a circular fashion. Mesh Topology: Each device connected to every other device. NETWORKS CLASSIFICATIONS A local area network (LAN) is a network that connects computers and devices in a limited geographical area A wireless LAN (WLAN) is a LAN that uses no physical wires 9 NETWORKS CLASSIFICATIONS A metropolitan area network (MAN) connects LANs in a metropolitan area A wide area network (WAN) is a network that covers a large geographic area A personal area network (PAN) is a network that connects computers and devices in an individual’s workspace with wired and wireless technology 10 NETWORKS The configuration of computers, devices, and media on a network is sometimes called the network architecture Client/server network Peer-to-peer network 11  NETWORK COMMUNICATIONS STANDARDS AND PROTOCOLS Token Ethernet TCP/IP Wi-Fi ring Bluetooth UWB IrDA RFID NFC LTE 12 NETWORK COMMUNICATIONS STANDARDS AND PROTOCOLS 13  NETWORK COMMUNICATIONS STANDARDS AND PROTOCOLS Ethernet is a network standard that specifies no central computer or device on the network (nodes) should control when data can be transmitted The token ring standard specifies that computers and devices on the network share or pass a special signal (token) TCP/IP is a network protocol that defines how messages (data) are routed from one end of a network to another 14 NETWORK COMMUNICATIONS STANDARDS AND PROTOCOLS 15 PROTOCOLS Communication rules for exchanging data between computers HTTP - Hypertext Transfer Protocol HTTPS – Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure TCP/IP (Transmission control protocol/Internet protocol) Identification – unique IP address Packetization – information broken down into small parts (packets) and then reassembled  NETWORK PROTOCOLS Transmission Control Protocol (TCP): Ensures reliable, ordered, and error-checked delivery of data. Internet Protocol (IP): Provides addressing and routing of data packets. Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP): Protocol for transferring web pages. File Transfer Protocol (FTP): Protocol for transferring files between systems. NETWORK COMMUNICATIONS STANDARDS AND PROTOCOLS Wi-Fi identifies any network based on the 802.11 standard that specifies how two wireless devices communicate over the air with each other LTE is a network standard that defines how high-speed cellular transmissions use broadcast radio to transmit data for mobile communications Bluetooth is a network protocol that defines how two Bluetooth devices use short-range radio waves to transmit data UWB (ultra-wideband) is a network standard that specifies how two UWB devices use short-range radio waves to communicate at high speeds with each other IrDA transmits data wirelessly via infrared (IR) light waves RFID is a protocol that defines how a network uses radio signals to communicate with a tag placed in or attached to an object, an animal, or a person 18  NETWORK COMMUNICATIONS STANDARDS AND PROTOCOLS NFC (near field communication) is a protocol, based on RFID, that defines how a network uses close-range radio signals to communicate between two devices or objects equipped with NFC technology 19 COMMUNICATIONS LINES Dedicated Cable DSL line ISDN FTTP T-Carrier ATM 20 COMMUNICATIONS LINES 21 COMMUNICATIONS LINES ADSL is a type of DSL that supports faster downstream rates than upstream rates 22 COMMUNICATIONS DEVICES A communications device is any type of hardware capable of transmitting data, instructions, and information between a sending device and a receiving device 23 NETWORK COMPONENTS Router: Routes data between Switch: Connects devices Hub: Connects devices but does networks. within a network and manages not manage traffic efficiently data traffic. (less common). Modem: Converts digital data Network Interface Card (NIC): to analog for transmission over Hardware that connects a phone lines. computer to a network.  COMMUNICATIONS DEVICES A broadband modem sends and receives data and information to and from a digital line Cable DSL modem modem 25  COMMUNICATIONS DEVICES A wireless modem uses a mobile phone provider’s network to connect to the Internet wirelessly from a computer or mobile device 26 COMMUNICATIONS DEVICES A wireless access point (WAP) is a central communications device that allows computers and devices to transfer data wirelessly among themselves or to a wired network 27 COMMUNICATIONS DEVICES A router connects multiple computers or other routers together and transmits data to its correct destination on a network 28 COMMUNICATIONS DEVICES Some routers provide additional functionality: Wireless router Broadband router Broadband wireless router Mobile broadband wireless router 29 COMMUNICATIONS DEVICES A network card enables a computer or device that does not have built-in networking capability to access a network Available in a variety of styles 30  COMMUNICATIONS DEVICES A hub or switch is a device that provides a central point for cables in a network 31 TRANSMISSION MEDIA Transmission media carries one or more communications signals Broadband media transmit multiple signals simultaneously The amount of data, instructions, and information that can travel over transmission media sometimes is called the bandwidth Latency is the time it takes a signal to travel from one location to another on a network 32  COMMUNICATION CHANNELS Communication channels carry the data from one computer to another Two categories of communication channels Physical Connections Wireless Connections PHYSICAL TRANSMISSION MEDIA 34 PHYSICAL TRANSMISSION MEDIA Twisted-pair cable Fiber-optic cable Coaxial cable 35 WIRELESS TRANSMISSION MEDIA 36 NETWORK CABLES WIRELESS TRANSMISSION MEDIA Broadcast radio is a wireless transmission medium that distributes radio signals through the air over long distances Cellular radio is a form of broadcast radio that is in wide use for mobile communications 38  WIRELESS TRANSMISSION MEDIA Microwaves are radio waves that provide a high-speed signal transmission 39 WIRELESS TRANSMISSION MEDIA A communications satellite is a space station that receives microwave signals from an earth-based station, amplifies it, and broadcasts the signal over a wide area to any number of earth-based stations 40 WIRELESS TRANSMISSION MEDIA A GPS (global positioning system) is a navigation system that consists of one or more earth-based receivers that accept and analyze signals sent by satellites in order to determine the receiver’s geographical location 41 WIRELESS TRANSMISSION MEDIA 42  NETWORK SECURITY Firewalls: Protect networks by filtering incoming and outgoing traffic. Encryption: Secures data by converting it into a coded format. Authentication: Verifies the identity of users or devices accessing the network. Anti-virus and Anti-malware: Protect systems from malicious software.  SUMMARY Various types of Networks and network architectures Communications communications and standards and software technologies protocols Several types of Variety of physical communications lines How to create a home transmission media and communications network and wireless devices transmission media 44 QUESTION AND ANSWER