Chapter II- Sexual Self (Audio Recorded) PDF

CHAPTER II- The sexual self TOPICS ON SEX,SEXUALITY AND GENES, SEXUAL INFECTIONS/DISEASES  Notice of changes: This file contains previous audio recording lecture. Some parts of this content has already been revised. Please be advised. Sexuality and Genetics Defining the terms...

CHAPTER II- The sexual self TOPICS ON SEX,SEXUALITY AND GENES, SEXUAL INFECTIONS/DISEASES  Notice of changes: This file contains previous audio recording lecture. Some parts of this content has already been revised. Please be advised. Sexuality and Genetics Defining the terms  Sexuality  Sex may also refer to the physiological and psychological processes related to procreation and sexual pleasure.  Sexuality encompasses all aspects of sexual behavior, including gender identity, orientation, attitudes, and activity.  Genes  Genes are the biochemical units of heredity that make up chromosomes. Genes are segments of DNA molecules that code physical features (e.g. eye colour) and psychological features (e.g. intelligence).  Sex-linked, as related to genetics, refers to characteristics (or traits) that are influenced by genes carried on the sex chromosomes. In humans, the term often refers to traits or disorders influenced by genes on the X chromosome, as it contains many more genes than the smaller Y chromosome. Disorders of Sex Development  Pseudohermaphroditism, a condition in which the individual has a single chromosomal and gonadal sex but combines features of both sexes in the external genitalia, causing doubt as to the true sex.  Female pseudohermaphroditism refers to an individual with ovaries but with secondary sexual characteristics or external genitalia resembling those of a male. Male pseudohermaphroditism refers to individuals whose gonads are testes but whose secondary sexual characteristics or external genitalia resemble those of a female. Continuation True Hermaphroditism is a disorder of gonadal differentiation characterized by the presence in the same individual of both testicular and ovarian tissue. This condition is rare and usually difficult to diagnose, so only 25% of male hermaphrodites are diagnosed before age 20. Sexual Infections and Diseases (In Male)  A male genital disease is a condition that affects the male reproductive system. The human male genitals consist of testicles and epididymides, ductus deferentes, seminal vesicles and ejaculatory ducts, prostate, bulbourethral glands, and penis. Defining Prostatitis  Prostatitis is a disorder of the prostate gland usually associated with inflammation. Prostatitis often causes painful or difficult urination.  Prostatitis is most often caused by bacteria. They spread from the rectum or from infected urine. You can't get prostatitis from another person. It is not a sexually transmitted infection (STI).  the most common urinary tract problem for men younger than age 50 and the third most common urinary tract problem for men older than age 50. Defining Urethritis  Urethritis is a lower urinary tract infection that causes inflammation of the urethra—the fibromuscular tube responsible for expelling urine from the body in both males and females.  In males, the urethra serves as the passage for the expulsion of semen from the body as well.  Urethritis is commonly associated with sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and is classified as either gonococcal or non- gonococcal.  Urethritis is most common in men 15 to 35 years of age. Defining Epididymitis  Epididymitis is an inflammation of the epididymis. The epididymis is a tube located at the back of the testicles that stores and carries sperm. When this tube becomes swollen, it can cause pain and swelling in the testicles.  Epididymitis is most common in young men ages 19 to 35. It is most often caused by the spread of a bacterial infection. Infection often begins in the urethra, the prostate, or the bladder. Gonorrhea and chlamydia infections are most often the cause of the problem in young heterosexual men. Defining Orchitis Orchitis is defined as the inflammation of the  testicle unilaterally or bilaterally usually caused by viruses and bacteria. Viral orchitis is most often caused by mumps infection but can also be caused by a nonspecific inflammatory process in the testes. Approximately 20% of prepubertal patients (younger than 10 years) with mumps develop orchitis. Unilateral testicular atrophy occurs in 60% of patients with orchitis. Defining Genital Warts  Genital warts are one of the most common types of sexually transmitted infections. The virus that causes the warts is called human papillomavirus (HPV). There are various types of HPV. And nearly all sexually active people will become infected with at least one type at some point.  Genital warts affect the moist tissues of the genital area. They can look like small, skin-colored bumps. The bumps may resemble cauliflower. Often, the warts are too small to be seen with your eyes.  In males, human papillomavirus (HPV) can cause genital warts on the penis and elsewhere around the genital and anal area.  About 80% of those infected are between the ages of 17 and 33 years, with the peak age group being 20 to 24. Sexual Infections and diseases (In Female)  Female genital disease is a disorder of the structure or function of the female reproductive system that has a known cause and a distinctive group of symptoms, signs, or anatomical changes. The female reproductive system consists of the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, and vulva. Defining Syphilis  Syphilis is a systemic, bacterial infection caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum. Due to its many protean clinical manifestations, it has been named the “great imitator and mimicker.”  Syphilis remains a contemporary plague that continues to afflict millions of people worldwide. The infection progresses through 4 stages (primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary) and can affect virtually every organ system in the body, even many years or even decades after the original infection.  is a highly contagious disease that's mostly spread through sexual activity, including vaginal, oral, and anal sex.  Syphilis occurs worldwide, most commonly in urban areas. The number of cases is rising fastest in men who have sex with men. Young adults ages 20 to 35 are the highest-risk population. Defining Gonorrhoea  Gonorrhea is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI). Early signs of gonorrhea include a white, green or yellow discharge and pain on urination, but there may be no symptoms. Treatment typically involves antibiotics.  Gonorrhoea causes different symptoms in women and men. Women often feel no symptoms, but untreated infection can lead to infertility and problems during pregnancy.  Gonorrhea can cause infection in the genitals, rectum, and throat. It is very common, especially among young people ages 15-24 years. Defining Herpes Virus  Herpes simplex virus (HSV), known as herpes, is a common infection that can cause painful blisters or ulcers. It primarily spreads by skin-to-skin contact. It is treatable but not curable.  There are two types of herpes simplex virus.  Type 1 (HSV-1) mostly spreads by oral contact and causes infections in or around the mouth (oral herpes or cold sores). It can also cause genital herpes. Most adults are infected with HSV-1.  Type 2 (HSV-2) spreads by sexual contact and causes genital herpes. Defining Yeast Infection  A vaginal yeast infection is a type of fungal infection. Your body contains a kind of yeast called candida, which causes vaginal yeast infections. Yeast is a type of fungus, and candida is a specific type of yeast.  A yeast infection causes burning, itching, redness in your vulva (the outside parts of your vagina) and changes to your vaginal discharge. A yeast infection isn’t a sexually transmitted infection (STI).  Clothing (especially underwear) that's tight or made of materials like nylon that trap heat and moisture might make yeast infections more likely. Using scented sanitary products and douching can upset the healthy balance of bacteria in the vagina and make yeast infections more likely.  Yeast infections are not STIs. But it is possible to pass yeast infections to your partner during vaginal, oral, or anal sex.