chapter 9.pdf

Human Anatomy, 9e (Martini) Chapter 9 The Muscular System: Skeletal Muscle Tissue and Muscle Organization 9.1 Multiple Choice Questions 1) Which of the following is the type of muscle that pushes blood through the blood vessels of the cardiovascular system? A) skeletal muscle B) cardiac muscle C)...

Human Anatomy, 9e (Martini) Chapter 9 The Muscular System: Skeletal Muscle Tissue and Muscle Organization 9.1 Multiple Choice Questions 1) Which of the following is the type of muscle that pushes blood through the blood vessels of the cardiovascular system? A) skeletal muscle B) cardiac muscle C) smooth muscle D) appendicular muscle E) None of the answers are correct. Answer: B Learning Outcome: 9.1 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 2) Smooth muscles are primarily used to ________. A) generate heat B) pump blood through the circulation C) push fluid and solids along the digestive tract D) provide voluntary movements to the body E) pull on bones of the skeleton Answer: C Learning Outcome: 9.1 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 3) How many skeletal muscles are there in the muscular system? A) 50 B) 206 C) thousands D) 700+ E) 116 Answer: D Learning Outcome: 9.1 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 4) Which of the following features is NOT characteristic of muscle tissues? A) excitability B) cognitive ability C) contractility D) extensibility E) elasticity Answer: B Learning Outcome: 9.1 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 1 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 5) What characteristic of muscle tissue allows it to respond to stimulation by the nervous system? A) excitability B) elasticity C) extensibility D) contractility E) None of the answers are correct. Answer: A Learning Outcome: 9.1 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 6) Which of the following is a function of skeletal muscle? A) produce skeletal movement B) maintain posture C) support soft tissues D) maintain body temperature E) All of the answers are correct. Answer: E Learning Outcome: 9.1 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 7) Why are skeletal muscles called voluntary? A) These muscles maintain a constant rhythm of contraction. B) Their contractions can be consciously controlled. C) Only these muscles are stimulated to contract by the central nervous system. D) Contraction of specific muscles occurs to maintain body posture and body position. E) All of the answers are correct. Answer: B Learning Outcome: 9.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 8) The layers of connective tissue surrounding a skeletal muscle from the inside to the outside in correct order are ________. A) endomysium, perimysium, and epimysium B) epimysium, endomysium, and perimysium C) epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium D) endomysium, epimysium, and perimysium E) perimysium, epimysium, and endomysium Answer: A Learning Outcome: 9.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 2 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 9) The epimysium, which separates the muscle from surrounding tissues and organs, is connected to the ________. A) superficial fascia B) subserous fascia C) deep fascia D) aponeuroses E) None of the answers are correct. Answer: C Learning Outcome: 9.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 10) The connective tissue surrounding a fascicle is called ________. A) endomysium B) epimysium C) perimysium D) a tendon E) an aponeurosis Answer: C Learning Outcome: 9.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 11) The attachment of a muscle to a bone is called ________. A) a bursa B) an aponeurosis C) a ligament D) a capsule E) either a tendon or an aponeurosis Answer: E Learning Outcome: 9.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 12) Which of these orders of functional muscle structures progresses from the smallest to largest in diameter? A) muscle, fascicle, muscle fiber, myofibril B) fascicle, myofibril, muscle fiber, filament C) fascicle, muscle fiber, myofibril, muscle D) muscle, muscle fiber, myofibril, fascicle E) myofibril, muscle fiber, fascicle, muscle Answer: E Learning Outcome: 9.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 3 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 13) Actinin molecules form an open meshwork at the ________. A) Z line B) M line C) H band D) I band E) A band Answer: A Learning Outcome: 9.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 14) Skeletal muscle fibers arise from embryonic cells called ________. A) myotomes B) myoblasts C) myomeres D) myofilaments E) myofibrils Answer: B Learning Outcome: 9.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 15) Why does a skeletal muscle fiber have more than one nucleus? A) During development, groups of embryonic cells called myoblasts fuse together to form a single muscle fiber. B) During development, the nucleus of each myoblast replicates several times. C) During development, the sarcolemmae of newly formed muscle fibers disintegrate, making many muscle cells into one. D) During muscular activity, parts of each muscle fiber break down, and the remaining parts, including their nuclei, fuse into new combination fibers. E) All of the answers are correct. Answer: A Learning Outcome: 9.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 16) The complex known as the triad consists of ________. A) actin, myosin, and myofilaments B) one A band, one H zone, and one I band C) one transverse tubule and two terminal cisternae D) myofilaments, myofibrils, and sarcomeres E) one sarcomere, one sarcoplasmic reticulum, and one sarcoplasm Answer: C Learning Outcome: 9.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 4 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 17) The sarcoplasmic reticulum is (the) ________. A) sarcolemma of skeletal muscle fibers B) cytoplasm of skeletal muscle fibers C) a membrane complex in skeletal muscles similar to smooth endoplasmic reticulum D) extension of the skeletal muscle sarcolemma into the cell E) a membrane complex in skeletal muscles similar to rough endoplasmic reticulum Answer: C Learning Outcome: 9.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 18) The portion of a sarcomere that contains the M line, H band and the zone of overlap is the ________. A) I band B) M line C) A band D) H band E) Z line Answer: C Learning Outcome: 9.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 19) The structures within the muscle fiber that shorten to cause skeletal muscle fiber contraction are (the) ________. A) myoneural junctions B) myofibrils C) myosatellite cells D) neuromuscular synapses E) myoblasts Answer: B Learning Outcome: 9.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 20) Delayed-onset muscle soreness is potentially caused by microscopic ruptures at the ________ of the sarcomeres. A) M line B) I band C) H band D) Z line E) A band Answer: D Learning Outcome: 9.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 5 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 21) The area of a myofibril where there are no actin filaments is the ________. A) A band B) Z line C) I band D) M line E) H band Answer: E Learning Outcome: 9.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 22) What symptoms accompany fibromyalgia? A) temporomandibular joint disorder B) irritable bowel syndrome C) anxiety D) tension headaches E) All of the answers are correct. Answer: E Learning Outcome: 9.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 23) Tropomyosin and troponin are which of the following types of molecules? A) functional hormone B) secretory protein C) regulatory protein D) enzyme E) accessory protein Answer: C Learning Outcome: 9.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 24) The ________ is a dense irregular connective tissue layer that surrounds the entire skeletal muscle. A) perimysium B) sarcolemma C) epimysium D) sarcoplasmic reticulum E) endomysium Answer: C Learning Outcome: 9.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 6 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 25) A skeletal muscle is divided into a series of internal compartments, each of which contains a bundle of muscle fibers called a ________. A) myofibril B) sarcomere C) triad D) cross-bridge E) fascicle Answer: E Learning Outcome: 9.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 26) The connective tissue that surrounds each skeletal muscle fiber and binds each muscle fiber to its neighbor is the ________. A) endosteum B) endomysium C) epimysium D) periosteum E) perimysium Answer: B Learning Outcome: 9.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 27) Between the endomysium and the muscle fibers lie a number of stem cells that aid in the repair of damaged muscle tissues. These are the ________ cells. A) myoblast B) myofibril C) isotropic D) myosatellite E) myosin Answer: D Learning Outcome: 9.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 28) Thick (myosin) and thin (actin) filaments together form ________. A) myofibrils B) the H band C) a triad D) Z discs E) the I band Answer: A Learning Outcome: 9.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 7 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 29) The smallest functional units of the muscle fibers are the ________. A) fascicles B) sarcomeres C) myofilaments D) cisternae E) neuromuscular synapses Answer: B Learning Outcome: 9.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 30) The sarcoplasmic reticulum stores ________. A) oxygen B) glucose C) ATP D) calcium ions E) glycogen Answer: D Learning Outcome: 9.3 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 31) Which of the following ions is the trigger for a muscle contraction? A) sodium B) chloride C) calcium D) potassium E) acetylcholine Answer: C Learning Outcome: 9.3 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 32) The function of T tubules is to ________. A) bind muscle fibers together at the neuromuscular synapse B) separate the terminal from the motor end plate of the skeletal muscle fiber C) help distribute the electrical impulse, which triggers the release of calcium ions by the sarcoplasmic reticulum D) bind actin and myosin molecules together E) release acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft Answer: C Learning Outcome: 9.3 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 8 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 33) Troponin assists in controlling the interaction between myosin heads and thin filaments by ________. A) forming a long chain that covers the active sites of thin filaments B) storing calcium ions in the troponin-tropomyosin complex C) binding to myosin heads, which allows tropomyosin to pivot, thereby exposing the active sites D) assisting in the formation of the myofilaments E) binding calcium ions to produce a change in the orientation of the troponin-tropomyosin complex Answer: E Learning Outcome: 9.3 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 34) Which of the following molecules or ions are absent following death and leads to rigor mortis? A) acetylcholine B) acetylcholinesterase C) ATP D) calcium E) None of these are correct. Answer: C Learning Outcome: 9.3 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 35) The sliding mechanism of myofilaments works when ________. A) the thick filaments detach from the muscle tendon B) the myosin heads of the thick filaments bind to active sites on the actin molecules of the thin filaments C) the myosin heads pivot away from the M line toward the Z lines D) the troponin-tropomyosin complex interacts with the actin molecules E) calcium ions bind to active sites on the actin molecules of the thin filaments Answer: B Learning Outcome: 9.3 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 36) When contraction occurs, ________. A) the A band remains constant B) the H band gets smaller C) the I band begins to disappear D) the Z lines move closer together E) All of the answers are correct. Answer: E Learning Outcome: 9.3 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 9 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 37) Regarding the effect of sarcomere length on tension production, a very highly stretched muscle (increased sarcomere length above normal 3.1 µm) will produce a contraction (% maximum tension) that is ________. A) optimal (100%) B) much greater than average (80-90%) C) fairly weak (20-40%) D) slightly stronger than resting position (~10%) E) None of the answers are correct. Answer: C Learning Outcome: 9.3 Bloom's Taxonomy: 3-4: Applying/Analyzing 38) Each skeletal muscle fiber is controlled by a single ________. A) synaptic cleft B) motor end plate C) triad of transverse tubule and terminal cisternae D) motor neuron whose cell body is located inside the central nervous system E) neurotransmitter Answer: D Learning Outcome: 9.3 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 39) The motor neuron releases acetylcholine, which then binds to receptors sites on a special region of the sarcolemma called ________. A) a T tubule B) the motor unit C) a fascicle D) a motor end plate E) the sarcoplasmic reticulum Answer: D Learning Outcome: 9.3 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 40) The neurotransmitter involved in the process of contraction in skeletal muscles is ________. A) ATP B) acetylcholine C) troponin D) globulin E) serotonin Answer: B Learning Outcome: 9.3 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 10 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 41) The enzyme that is partly responsible for shutting down a muscle contraction is ________. A) actinin B) actinase C) acetylcholinesterase D) titin E) glycolytic enzyme Answer: C Learning Outcome: 9.3 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 42) Which of the following events occurs in a muscle that is relaxing? A) The muscle fiber shortens. B) AChE is present in the synaptic cleft. C) Released calcium ions are present. D) Myosin heads bind to active sites on the thin filaments. E) Hydrolysis of ATP occurs. Answer: B Learning Outcome: 9.3 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 43) What is the significance of the change in membrane potential of the T tubules within the sarcolemma? A) It has no role, because this phenomenon does not occur. B) It triggers the sarcoplasmic reticulum to release of calcium ions. C) This change is caused by the release of actin and myosin molecules. D) This change is caused by the displacement of actin and myosin molecules. E) None of the answers are correct. Answer: B Learning Outcome: 9.3 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 44) Which of the following events occurs first? A) Myosin cross-bridges attach to actin. B) Calcium ions are released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. C) Calcium binds to troponin. D) The myosin head pivots toward the M line. E) The myosin head binds ATP and detaches from actin. Answer: B Learning Outcome: 9.3 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 11 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 45) Skeletal muscle fiber contractions are caused by the interaction between the ________ and the ________ filaments of the sarcomeres. A) thin; nebulin B) titin; thin C) thick; nebulin D) thin; thick E) titin; thick Answer: D Learning Outcome: 9.3 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 46) When acetylcholine binds to receptors on the motor end plate, ________ occurs immediately. A) vesicular enzymatic activity B) cross-bridge formation C) ATP-myosin binding D) an action potential E) myosin head pivoting Answer: D Learning Outcome: 9.3 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 47) The steady increase in muscular tension produced by increasing the number of active motor units is called ________. A) muscle tone B) a muscle twitch C) muscle spindles D) peak tension E) recruitment Answer: E Learning Outcome: 9.4 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 48) What type of muscular activity is present in a muscle at rest? A) There is no activity. B) There is some activity that causes the muscle to make continual tiny movements. C) Motor units activate partially in a unified wavelike motion. D) Motor units activate in a random pattern to cause slight constant tension, known as muscle tone. E) There are large amounts of short contractions. Answer: D Learning Outcome: 9.4 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 12 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 49) When one motor neuron fires a single action potential the result affects one ________. A) upper motor neuron B) synaptic cleft C) lower motor neuron D) motor unit E) sensory unit Answer: D Learning Outcome: 9.4 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 50) The number of cells per motor unit in the leg muscles can reach up to ________. A) one hundred B) less than a dozen C) millions D) hundreds E) many thousands Answer: E Learning Outcome: 9.4 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 51) When a single motor neuron controls a greater number of muscle fibers in a motor unit, ________. A) the greater the number of stimuli will be required to produce a contraction B) each contraction will last longer C) the muscle contraction will be slower D) the less precise the control will be E) None of the answers are correct. Answer: D Learning Outcome: 9.4 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 52) When a resting muscle contracts only enough to produce tension without movement, this is an example of ________. A) activation B) muscle tone C) hypertrophy D) atrophy E) twitch Answer: B Learning Outcome: 9.4 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 13 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 53) When all of the motor units of a muscle contract at the maximal rate of stimulation, it leads to the production of ________. A) the longest contraction B) the fastest contraction C) multiple motor unit summation D) peak tension E) fast, long contractions Answer: D Learning Outcome: 9.4 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 54) While wearing a cast due to a broken bone, muscles shrink due to the process of ________. A) recruitment B) cell division C) hypertrophy D) atrophy E) chronic inflammation, or swelling Answer: D Learning Outcome: 9.4 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 55) In muscles that have been repeatedly stimulated to produce near-maximal tension, the net effect is ________. A) hypertrophy B) recruitment C) atrophy D) reduced tone E) None of the answers are correct. Answer: A Learning Outcome: 9.4 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 56) By varying the ________ at any one time, the nervous system provides precise control over the pull exerted by the muscle. A) reflexes triggered B) concentration of glycolytic enzymes C) number of motor units activated D) energy reserves utilized E) degree of muscle atrophy Answer: C Learning Outcome: 9.4 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 14 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 57) The muscle fiber typethat contains densely packed myofibrils, large glycogen reserves, and relatively few mitochondria, is called ________. A) fast fibers B) slow fibers C) intermediate fibers D) cardiac fibers E) smooth fibers Answer: A Learning Outcome: 9.5 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 58) Slow muscle fibers ________. A) are supported by anaerobic metabolism B) take twice as long to contract after stimulation as do fast fibers C) can continue to contract long after fast fibers have fatigued D) have less oxygen than do fast fibers E) None of the answers are correct. Answer: C Learning Outcome: 9.5 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 59) Slow twitch fibers appear red due to the intracellular storage of ________. A) nebulin B) titin C) hemoglobin D) glycogen E) myoglobin Answer: E Learning Outcome: 9.5 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 60) Slow fibers primarily use which of the following substrates for energy? A) glycogen B) lipids and carbohydrates through the anaerobic pathway C) carbohydrates, lipids, and amino acids through the aerobic pathway D) anaerobic metabolism E) protein Answer: C Learning Outcome: 9.5 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 15 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 61) A very good sprinter is likely to have ________. A) more slow twitch fibers than average B) more intermediate fibers than average C) more fast twitch fibers than average D) average muscles; performance is based solely on training E) None of the answers are correct. Answer: C Learning Outcome: 9.5 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 62) Most of the skeletal muscle fibers in the body are called ________ fibers, in reference to their duration of contraction following stimulation. A) red B) intermediate C) slow D) fast E) All of the answers are correct. Answer: D Learning Outcome: 9.5 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 63) Slow muscle fibers contain large amounts of the oxygen-binding protein ________. A) myoglobin B) calmodulin C) titin D) nebulin E) troponin Answer: A Learning Outcome: 9.5 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 64) An intermediate fiber contracts fast, but it has more ________ and greater resistance to fatigue than a fast fiber. A) calcium ions B) myoglobin C) ribosomes D) oxygen-binding pigments E) mitochondria Answer: E Learning Outcome: 9.5 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 16 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 65) Two factors that are used to determine the classification of a skeletal muscle are (1) the arrangement of the muscle fibers. (2) the structural arrangement relative to the direction of the pull. (3) the overall size of the muscle. (4) the amount of connective tissue present within the muscle. (5) the number of tendons connected to the muscle. A) 1 and 2 B) 2 and 3 C) 3 and 4 D) 4 and 5 E) 1 and 3 Answer: A Learning Outcome: 9.6 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 66) Muscle fibers can have various arrangements. The most powerful arrangement, in which more tension is generated during contraction, is called ________. A) circular B) parallel C) pennate D) convergent E) None of the answers are correct. Answer: C Learning Outcome: 9.6 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 67) The muscles surrounding the entrances of the digestive and urinary tracts are classified as ________. A) convergent B) bipennate C) parallel D) multipennate E) circular Answer: E Learning Outcome: 9.6 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 68) A bundle of muscle fibers within a skeletal muscle body is called a ________. A) fascicle B) perimysium C) muscle sheath D) myofiber E) myofilament Answer: A Learning Outcome: 9.6 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 17 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 69) If a muscle has a tendon that branches within the muscle tissue, it is a ________. A) sphincter muscle B) parallel muscle C) circular muscle D) multipennate muscle E) None of the answers are correct. Answer: D Learning Outcome: 9.6 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 70) The biceps brachii is an example of a muscle with its fascicle oriented in a ________ fashion. A) convergent B) parallel C) bipennate D) circular E) multipennate Answer: B Learning Outcome: 9.6 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 71) In a ________ muscle, the muscle fibers are based over a broad area, but all the fibers come together at a common attachment site. A) convergent B) spiral C) circular D) multipennate E) parallel Answer: A Learning Outcome: 9.6 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 72) In the case of the triceps brachii, the shoulder is the ________; the olecranon is the ________. A) origin; insertion B) insertion; origin C) agonist; antagonist D) synergist; fixator E) None of the answers are correct. Answer: A Learning Outcome: 9.7 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 18 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 73) Regarding a typical muscle insertion, which of the following is true? A) The insertion moves more than does the origin. B) The insertion is proximal to the origin. C) If a muscle extends between a broad aponeurosis and a narrow tendon, the aponeurosis is the insertion. D) If there are several tendons at one end of a muscle and just one at the other, there are multiple insertions. E) All of the answers are correct. Answer: A Learning Outcome: 9.7 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 74) A muscle whose contraction is mostly responsible for a movement is said to be the ________ for that movement. A) synergist B) agonist and fixator C) antagonist D) fixator E) agonist and prime mover Answer: E Learning Outcome: 9.7 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 75) The triceps brachii and biceps brachii are good examples of ________. A) muscles that flex the elbow B) an agonist-antagonist pair C) synergists D) agonists E) antagonists Answer: B Learning Outcome: 9.7 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 76) The adductor magnus muscle is so named, partially due to the ________. A) size of the muscle B) shape of the muscle C) parallel versus pennate arrangement of its fibers D) orientation of its muscle fibers E) location of the muscle Answer: A Learning Outcome: 9.7 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 19 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 77) What does the term longissimus in a muscle name primarily indicate about that muscle? A) the muscle location in the body B) the muscle length C) the manner in which the fibers of the muscle are oriented D) the insertion of the muscle fibers is oriented with respect to the long axis of the body E) the action of the muscle Answer: B Learning Outcome: 9.7 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 78) What does the name flexor carpi radialis most likely mean? A) It is a forearm muscle whose primary function is synergistic to that of the biceps brachii muscle. B) It is a lateral forearm muscle that flexes at the wrist. C) It is a convergent muscle found along the radial border of the forearm. D) The muscle originates at the wrist. E) All of the answers are correct. Answer: B Learning Outcome: 9.7 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 79) How does a muscle named lateralis differ from one named latissimus? A) There is no difference; the two terms are synonymous. B) Lateralis refers to the side of the organism, whereas latissimus refers to the width of the structure. C) Latissimus means the structure is larger than one that is merely lateralis. D) Two muscles so named would always have completely different functions. E) A latissimus structure is always deep to a lateralis structure. Answer: B Learning Outcome: 9.7 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 80) A word in a muscle name that indicates it is a pear-shaped muscle might be ________. A) splenius B) piriformis C) pectinate D) teres E) pyramidal Answer: B Learning Outcome: 9.7 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 20 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 81) Which of the following words means slender? A) longissimus B) brevis C) latissimus D) gracilis E) major Answer: D Learning Outcome: 9.7 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 82) Typically, the insertion of a muscle is ________ to its origin. A) distal B) proximal C) medial D) lateral E) deep Answer: A Learning Outcome: 9.7 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 83) A lever in which the load is between the fulcrum and the applied force is a ________. A) first-class lever B) third-class lever C) second-class lever D) simple lever E) complex lever Answer: C Learning Outcome: 9.8 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 84) Which of the following is/are properties of a lever? A) It is a flexible structure. B) It is the effort produced by the muscle contraction. C) It moves on a fulcrum. D) It is the weight that opposes the applied force. E) All of the answers are correct. Answer: C Learning Outcome: 9.8 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 21 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 85) Flexion of the forearm at the elbow involves the use of the principle of (a) ________ lever(s). A) first- and second-class B) third-class C) first-class D) first- and third-class E) second-class Answer: B Learning Outcome: 9.8 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 86) Aging skeletal muscles develop increasing amounts of ________. A) glycogen reserves B) ATP C) fibrous connective tissue D) myoglobin E) myofibrils Answer: C Learning Outcome: 9.9 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 9.2 True/False Questions 1) The M line is located at the end of a sarcomere. Answer: FALSE Learning Outcome: 9.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 2) At the zone of overlap, each thin filament sits in a triangle formed by three thick filaments, and each thick filament is surrounded by six thin filaments. Answer: TRUE Learning Outcome: 9.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 3) When viewed under polarized light, the dark staining bands are the A bands. Answer: TRUE Learning Outcome: 9.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 4) The Z line is comprised of thick filaments attached to interconnecting proteins, delineating the ends of the sarcomere. Answer: FALSE Learning Outcome: 9.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 22 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 5) Light staining areas of a muscle fiber viewed under polarized light are called I bands. Answer: TRUE Learning Outcome: 9.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 6) The expanded portion of the axonal branch that faces a region of the sarcolemma is called an axon terminal. Answer: TRUE Learning Outcome: 9.3 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 7) A space that separates the expanded tip of the axon at the neuromuscular synapse from the motor end plate is the synaptic vesicle. Answer: FALSE Learning Outcome: 9.3 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 8) The sarcoplasmic reticulum conducts action potentials that spread across the sarcolemma into the cell. Answer: FALSE Learning Outcome: 9.3 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 9) A muscle that opposes the action of a prime mover is a synergist. Answer: FALSE Learning Outcome: 9.7 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 10) A muscle that assists a prime mover is an agonist. Answer: FALSE Learning Outcome: 9.7 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 11) The fulcrum lies between the applied force and the resistance in a first-class lever. Answer: TRUE Learning Outcome: 9.8 Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding 23 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.