Chapter 8 Notes PDF
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Montgomery Community College
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Summary
These notes cover metabolic pathways, including catabolic and anabolic pathways. They also detail processes such as cellular respiration and photosynthesis. The document also explains bioenergetics and the laws of thermodynamics.
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# Metabolic Pathways * Begins with a specific molecule, ends with a product. Reactants, and finishes with products. C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>12</sub>O<sub>6</sub> + 6O<sub>2</sub> → 6CO<sub>2</sub> + 6H<sub>2</sub>O + Energy * A * B * C * D * Starting molecule * Reaction 1 * Reaction 2 *...
# Metabolic Pathways * Begins with a specific molecule, ends with a product. Reactants, and finishes with products. C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>12</sub>O<sub>6</sub> + 6O<sub>2</sub> → 6CO<sub>2</sub> + 6H<sub>2</sub>O + Energy * A * B * C * D * Starting molecule * Reaction 1 * Reaction 2 * Reaction 3 * Product ## Metabolism * Catabolic pathways * Anabolic pathways * Sum of all the chemical ## Catabolic Pathways * Pathways that release energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler compounds * Cellular respiration * C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>12</sub>O<sub>6</sub> + 6O<sub>2</sub> → 6CO<sub>2</sub> + 6H<sub>2</sub>O + Energy * releases energy * Some steps are anabolic or catabolic ## Anabolic Pathways * Pathways that consume energy to build larger, complicated molecules from simpler ones. * Polymerization - two or more monomers together * Photo synthesis * 6CO<sub>2</sub>+6H<sub>2</sub>O + light → C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>12</sub>O<sub>6</sub> + 6O<sub>2</sub> # Bioenergetics * Study of how organisms manage their energy resources. * Energy is the capacity to do work, to move matter * Kinetic energy: energy that is in motion * Potential energy: stored energy based on location or structure. * * Kinetic energy: energy of motion; all atoms exhibit kinetic energy as all molecules are in motion. * Potential energy: amount of energy stored as a result of position or location. * The rearrangement of atoms in molecules may result in the potential energy of the molecule being converted into kinetic energy. # Energy Laws # Laws of Thermodynamics * The terms open or closed systems refer to whether or not energy can be transferred between the system and its surroundings (can energy be imported or exported). * Closed systems - energy can not be transferred between systems and its surroundings. * Open systems - energy can be transferred between systems and its surroundings. * First Law: Energy can only be transformed; can't be destroyed or created. * Second: Each energy transformation results in less usable energy.
