Motivating Employees PDF

Motivating 7 Employees Sepideh Mahdikhani Dr. habil Madai Hajnalka Motivation managers make the effort to motivate the workers 01 happy workers lead - happy customers 02 happy customers lead - successful business on the other hand: unhappy workers leave the 03 company...

Motivating 7 Employees Sepideh Mahdikhani Dr. habil Madai Hajnalka Motivation managers make the effort to motivate the workers 01 happy workers lead - happy customers 02 happy customers lead - successful business on the other hand: unhappy workers leave the 03 company 04 losses are more than an experienced employee Soft costs ( ) when employes are not engaged loss of intellectual capital decreased morale of remaining workers increased employee stress decreased customer service interrupted production development poor reputation Fredrick Taylor  Theory of Scientific Management Learn the most efficient way of doing a job and then trained workers in those procedures one best way to proper selection proper training do a job of workers for a job The tendency for people to behave differently when they know they are being watched/studied. Elton Mayo (1920-30s) found that human factors such as feelings of involvement and participation led to greater productivity gains than did physical changes in the workplace.  Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Maslow's theory revolves around the idea that our unmet needs motivate us to ascend the hierarchy so that we can satisfy them. He suggests we have a built-in desire to fulfil all of them until we eventually reach the top of the hierarchy, which is self-actualisation.  What is Maslow's motivation theory? Maslow's motivation theory is a way of describing the various levels of human needs, starting with the most basic needs, which are physiological needs, and finishing with our final supposed need, which is reaching our full potential. Abraham Maslow posited that human motivation arises out of a motivation to progress through this hierarchy of needs. Maslow represented his theory pictorially as a pyramid, similar to the food pyramid, with the bottom representing the base and the most basic level. Once a person satisfies one level of needs, Maslow suggests they then become motivated to reach the next level.Maslow's theory revolves around the idea that our unmet needs motivate us to ascend the hierarchy so that we can satisfy them. He suggests we have a built-in desire to fulfil all of them until we eventually reach the top of the hierarchy, which is self-actualisation. This means reaching our full potential and the highest level of psychological development, as the body and the ego have achieved their needs. Maslow expanded on his theory in his later life, suggesting that there may be an additional level following self-actualisation.  What's included in Maslow's theory? Maslow represented the theory in five stages. He theorises we are first motivated to reach the first level, then once we satisfy the needs of the first level, we can satisfy subsequent levels in sequential order. Here are the stages that comprise Maslow's hierarchy of needs: 1. Physiological needs These are the primary needs of human beings and satisfying these first is imperative, as without them we can die, meaning no other levels are achievable before this one. Physiological needs include things like sleep, water, sex, homeostasis, food and excretion. Maslow places sex alongside the other basic physiological needs because while sexual abstinence is not deadly to the individual, sex is necessary for sustaining the human race as a whole. 2. Safety needs Maslow suggests safety concerns are the next most important needs in the hierarchy. Once we prevent the more immediate threat of death by satisfying the physiological needs, our motivation then turns to finding safety to further ensure our survival. This category includes everything that protects the body, including one's resources, employment, property and general health.  What's included in Maslow's theory? 3. Social needs For Maslow, the next most important motivator for humans, as social creatures, is the need for social satisfaction. Humans have a natural desire to belong to social groups and to feel loved. Nature has programmed us to seek sexual companionship, friendships and to form families. People who don't have such connections and a sense of belonging to a person, family or group can be susceptible to loneliness and clinical depression, both of which hinder the progress to achieving self-actualisation. 4. Esteem needs (respect) The next most important need in Maslow's opinion are esteem needs, which he suggests are twofold. The first level of esteem is the need for respect from others in the form of recognition, attention and status. Then the second level of esteem, which Maslow suggests is even more important, is the need for self-esteem in the form of strength, confidence, competence, mastery and independence. Maslow closely associates these levels with each other and suggests that people can derive both forms of esteem from succeeding at work and other activities that command self-respect and respect from others. 5. Self-actualisation This is the final stage and represents the pinnacle of the hierarchy. Maslow suggests that once humans reach this stage, they have realised their full potential and have become the best possible versions of themselves. According to Maslow, we can only reach this level once we have mastered the previous needs, as earlier levels actually serve as a step-by-step process for achieving self-actualisation. Self-actualisation is more of a result than a need. Focusing on this end goal strongly motivates many people to reach the top of Maslow's hierarchy. Herzberg  The motivator-Hygiene theory Hygiene factors: can cause dissatisfaction if missing but that do not necessarily motivate employees if increased. Motivators: job factors that cause employees to be productive and that give them satisfaction. Goal-setting theory Based on the notion that setting ambitious but attainable goals will lead to high levels of motivation and performance if the goals are accepted and accompanied by feedback, and if conditions in the organization make achievement possible.  Management by objectives (MBO) System of goal setting and implementation; it includes a cycle of discussion, review, and evaluation of objectives among top and middle-level managers, supervisors, and employees.  Process-Based Theories process-based theories view motivation as a rational process Expectancy theory, initially put forward by Victor Vroom at the Yale School of Management, suggests that behavior is motivated by anticipated results or consequences. Vroom proposed that a person decides to behave in a certain way based on the expected result of the chosen behavior. For example, people will be willing to work harder if they think the extra effort will be rewarded. expectancy theory Reinforcement theory is based on work done by B. F. Skinner in the field of operant conditioning. The theory relies on four primary inputs, or aspects of operant conditioning, reinforcement theory from the external environment. These four inputs are positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, and negative punishment. Equity theory focuses on determining whether the distribution of resources is fair. Equity is equity theory measured by comparing the ratio of contributions (or costs) and benefits (or rewards) for each person.  How to develop and motivate employees towards Lean manufacturing Lean manufacturing, when done right, can improve productivity and reduce waste on the plant floor. Successful implementation requires buy-in from workers. See three ways to change workers’ perception of Lean and build trust. LEAN opens opportunities for employees to focus on mission-critical objectives within a manufacturing facility. This creates more opportunity for the employee and more value for the end customer Lean manufacturing can eliminate unnecessary processes or rework, allowing employees to focus on other aspects of their jobs while allowing them to grow into their careers. Even more so, Lean can help to foster a better work-life balance for the staff. While these benefits can help change Lean’s perception, the plan needs to be laid out to show them the value. Open and non-judgmental communication is also a contributing factor in changing perceptions. Managers and employees need to create an environment where everyone is comfortable flagging and sharing challenges, issues, ideas and more to effectively implement the principles and practices of Lean manufacturing. Courtesy: KMC Systems Inc.  Lean manufacturing principles includes: 1 1. Key performance indicators (KPIs), goals, visibility Create an atmosphere where everyone is striving to achieve the same goals. This fosters communication around processes and how to fix problems to hit the goals. What’s best is the motivation this exudes from the team. Seeing goals and targets go from red to green lifts spirits and fosters alignment across groups. This also breeds healthy competition while shifting the culture to empowering each other to hit goals. This can be a powerful team motivator as employees see daily, weekly and monthly goals being met in an efficient manner. This also generates an energy among the team by increasing output while decreasing unwanted overtime.  Lean manufacturing principles includes: 2 2. Data automation: Organizations collect a lot of data. However, many manufacturing organizations aren’t necessarily analyzing/using the data as effectively as they could be. Teams need to effectively analyze the data they have by moving toward electronic and automated processes. Data on quality, testing data, first pass yield data and time passed data are critical in eliminating potential bottlenecks.  Lean manufacturing principles includes: 3 3. People Any effective manufacturing environment is built on people with different viewpoints, but a shared mindset. In many cases, this is about putting customers first. A customer-focused mindset is at the center of any successful organization with internal teams united by one common goal. In the medical device sector, that is a commonly shared goal of shaping the health and future of the world. Thank You