Chapter 7: Human Person In Society PDF

INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN  Review: ⬗Intersubjectivity It is the psychological relation between people. ⬗ The human person is considered as a “being with others,” which means that his or her identity and destiny are shaped by 2 Chapter 7: The Human Person in Socie...

INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN  Review: ⬗Intersubjectivity It is the psychological relation between people. ⬗ The human person is considered as a “being with others,” which means that his or her identity and destiny are shaped by 2 Chapter 7: The Human Person in Society Objectiv es:  Recognize how individuals form societies and how individuals are transformed by societies;  Compare the different forms of societies and individualities; Objectiv es:  Explain how human relations are transformed by social systems;  Evaluate how social systems transform human relationships and how societies  Social nature of human beings God did not create man as a “solitary being," but wanted him to be a “social being“ (Gen 1:27; 2:18-20,  Social nature of human beings Life in society is not something “added- on" for the human person; it stems from an important dimension intrinsic to human nature. “Human beings can grow and attain their calling in life only in union with others.”  The social nature of the human being finds expression in the setting up of a variety of associations aimed at attaining distinct goals. “A society is a group of persons bound together organically by a principle of unity that goes beyond The term "society" came from the Latin word societas, which in turn was derived from the noun socius ("comrade, companion, friend, ally"; adjective form socialis) used to describe a bond or interaction between parties that are friendly, or at What is society? Is an organized group of people whose members interact frequently and have a common territory and Philosophical meaning: Society is the product of deliberate actions by individuals who come together in pursuit of a common goal. Society is considered unique among other groups because of the nature Philosophical meaning: Society is considered unique among other groups because of the nature of human persons that compose it, as well as the relationships among its Philosophical meaning: As individual persons, members of society are able to transform themselves and attain development through their interactions within society. In turn, humans also are able to influence society through their A society is a body of individuals outlined by the bounds of functional interdependence, possibly comprising characteristics such as national or cultural identity, social solidarity, language, or hierarchical structure. n political science Societies may also be structured politically. In order of increasing size and complexity, there are bands, tribes, chiefdoms, and state societies. These structures may have varying degrees of political power, depending on the cultural, geographical, and historical environments that these societies must contend with. In political science Thus, a more isolated society with the same level of technology and culture as other societies is more likely to survive than one in closer proximity to others that may encroach on their resources. A society that is unable to offer an effective response to other societies it competes with will usually be subsumed into the culture of the competing society.  In sociology The social group enables its members to benefit in ways that would not otherwise be possible on an individual basis. Both individual and social (common) goals can thus be distinguished and considered. In sociology Sociologist Peter L. Berger defines society as "...a human product, and nothing but a human product, that yet continuously acts upon its producers." According to him, society was created by humans but this  THOMAS HOBBES ⬗ Persons in their natural states are governed by their desires and these often lead to conflict. 1  Social contract – an agreement where individuals sacrifice an amount of their freedom and submit to a higher authority. In this way, society is able to function and meet the needs of the many, 2  JOHN LOCKE ⬗ Unlike Hobbes, Locke considered persons in their natural states as more cooperative and 2 reasonable.  “Consent of the governed” Society is formed through the consent of the individuals that 2 organized it.  JEAN JACQUES ROUSSEAU He believed that even if the people are the ones who organized 2 society and  government, extreme cases, government is the able to in the impose itsThi will is basedon on assumpti s people. the the on empowered that the government people have to act on their behalf, and that it is considered to be the judge of 2 what is most beneficial for  JOHN RAWLS He introduced a version of the natural state which he called the “origin position” to 2 explain  He imagined humans as having a “veil of ignorance, "or no knowledge of one’s own characteristics such as gender, race or social status. In this state, humans would naturally seek a just and fair society in an effort to look out 2  DAVID GAUTHIER - described people’s self-interest as a significant factor in building and maintaining societies. People choose to cooperate since it is beneficial to meet their self- interests. 2  One common feature of social contract theory is the fact that the different individuals enter into a kind of agreement with one another to form a society. 2  Individual members put aside their self-interest in order to create a community where they may live in harmony with others 2  It is important to note that in a society, one is not compromised for the sake of the other: the individual is not in any way violated for the sake of the 3  Only a society which ensures the development of the individual and his or her community may be considered a proper and 3 humanizing society.  Society is founded on the concept of the common good. 3  TYPES OF SOCIETIES  Hunting and gathering societies  Pastoral societies  Horticultural societies  Agrarian or Agricultural societies  Feudal societies  Industrial societies Hunting and Gathering Society This is recognized as the earliest and simplest form of society. They are nomadic because they spend their time searching for food thus they have no permanent territory. Pastoral Society This is characterized by the domestication of animals for food. They have larger population than Hunting and gathering society and stay longer in one place. Horticultural Society It engages in the small- scale cultivation of plants, fruits and vegetables and the domestication of animals. They are semi- nomadic which means they move to another place when their Agrarian Society It involves the large- scale and long term cultivation of crops and domestication of animals. This society is characterized by improved technology and the use of tools to aid in farming. Feudal Society It is based on the ownership of land. It was developed in Western Europe during Medieval times when rival kingdoms were engaged in conflict over resources, particularly land. Industrial Society It is based on the use of specialized machinery in the production of goods and services. Post-Industrial Society It is marked by the establishment of societies based on knowledgte, information and the sale of services. Virtual Society It is a product of a post-industrial society. This is where people organize themselves through communication technology and the internet. What makes us Filipino? Society influence the interactions of its members through the establishment of norms – which are set of traits and behavior that society considers acceptable and thus encouraged and passed on to other members. Society can also influence knowledge and ideas. Laws – are more formal and stringent norms that establishand define acceptable behavior of citizens. Violators of the laws will be penalized. Folkways – are less formal norms that arise from tradition and do not result in punishment when violated. Society can also transform human relations which leads to the transformation of its members. The development of the society has brought about significant changes in the way human beings interact with each other. What is generation gap? Social Values – are actions or ideals that are considered important by society. Values such as: 1. Cooperation 2. Obedience to the law 3. Concern for others 4. Respect for others *Other aspects 1. language 2. religion 3. historical events Compare your beliefs and ideas with those of your parents or elders. You will have similar views since you belong to the same family but you will differ in some of your ideas, beliefs and view. Our different experiences and views brings about the “generation gap” which often leads to conflict. But our society still ensures that we’ll interact in meaningful ways and that each member benefits from relationships we have established with the people we’ve encountered. Society recognizes the capability of the person to develop and provides its members with opportunities to better themselves. Persons can also undertake to contribure to society through their decisions and actions. Reflect on the following: 1. What social issues are you most passionate about? 2. What significant contribution would you like to impart to the society in the future? In taking action to bring about positive changes in our society, we are able to fulfill our purpose as human persons who are living and interacting with our greater community and working toward achieving the greater