Chapter 6 review game.pdf

Chapter 6 Oxygen and Carbon DioxideTransport MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. How much oxygen can dissolve in a plasma at body temperature? a. 0.003 mL/dL/mmHg PO2 c. 0.3 mL/dL/mmHg PO2 b. 0.03 mL/dL/mmHg PO2 d. 1.34 mL/dL/mmHg PO2 ANS: A Feedb...

Chapter 6 Oxygen and Carbon DioxideTransport MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. How much oxygen can dissolve in a plasma at body temperature? a. 0.003 mL/dL/mmHg PO2 c. 0.3 mL/dL/mmHg PO2 b. 0.03 mL/dL/mmHg PO2 d. 1.34 mL/dL/mmHg PO2 ANS: A Feedback A At body temperature, 0.003 mL will dissolve in 100mL blood for each mmHg PO 2 B At body temperature, 0.003 mL will dissolve in 100mL blood for each mmHg PO 2 C At body temperature, 0.003 mL will dissolve in 100mL blood for each mmHg PO 2 D At body temperature, 0.003 mL will dissolve in 100mL blood for each mmHg PO 2 PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Oxygen Dissolved in the Blood Plasma OBJ: 1 2. At body temperature, how much oxygen is transported in the plasma if the PaO2 is 70 mm Hg? a. 0.21 vol% c. 0.021 vol % b. 21 vol % d. 2.1 vol% ANS: A Feedback A At body temperature and a PaO2 of 70 mm Hg, the plasma can transport 0.21 vol% of oxygen. B At body temperature and a PaO2 of 70 mm Hg, the plasma can transport 0.21 vol% of oxygen. C At body temperature and a PaO2 of 70 mm Hg, the plasma can transport 0.21 vol% of oxygen. D At body temperature and a PaO2 of 70 mm Hg, the plasma can transport 0.21 vol% of oxygen. PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Oxygen Dissolved in the Blood Plasma 3.At body temperature and a PaO2 of 500 mmHg, how much oxygen can dissolve in the plasma? a. 1.5 vol% c. 15 vol% b. 0.15 vol% d. 0.015 vol% ANS: A Feedback A At body temperature and a PaO2 of 500 mmHg, the plasma can transport 1.5 vol% oxygen B At body temperature and a PaO2 of 500 mmHg, the plasma can transport 1.5 vol% oxygen C At body temperature and a PaO2 of 500 mmHg, the plasma can transport 1.5 vol% oxygen D At body temperature and a PaO2 of 500 mmHg, the plasma can transport 1.5 vol% oxygen  PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Oxygen Dissolved in the Blood Plasma 4. Approximately how many hemoglobin molecules are contained in one RBC? a. 280 million c. 15 b. 4 d. 1.34 ANS: A Feedback A Each RBC contains approximately 280 million hemoglobin molecules. B Each RBC contains approximately 280 million hemoglobin molecules. C Each RBC contains approximately 280 million hemoglobin molecules. D Each RBC contains approximately 280 million hemoglobin molecules. PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Hemoglobin OBJ: 2 5. How many heme groups are in each Hb A molecule? a. 4 c. 280 million b. 15 d. 1.34 ANS: A Feedback A Each HbA molecules contains 4 heme molecules. B Each HbA molecules contains 4 heme molecules. C Each HbA molecules contains 4 heme molecules. D Each HbA molecules contains 4 heme molecules. PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Hemoglobin OBJ: 2 6. What is the term for HbO2? a. oxyhemoglobin c. carboxyhemoglobin b. reduced hemoglobin d. carbaminohemoglobin ANS: A Feedback A HbO2 is called oxyhemoglobin. B HbO2 is called oxyhemoglobin. C HbO2 is called oxyhemoglobin. D HbO2 is called oxyhemoglobin. PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Hemoglobin OBJ: 2 7. What is the term for Hb? a. deoxyhemoglobin c. methemoglobin b. oxyhemoglobin d. carboxyhemoglobin ANS: A Feedback A Hb is called deoxyhemoglobin or reduced hemoglobin. B Hb is called deoxyhemoglobin or reduced hemoglobin. C Hb is called deoxyhemoglobin or reduced hemoglobin.  D Hb is called deoxyhemoglobin or reduced hemoglobin. PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Hemoglobin OBJ: 2 8. How many alpha and beta chains are present in a HbA molecule? a. 2 alpha and 2 beta chains c. 141 alpha and 146 beta chains b. 1 alpha and 1 beta chain d. 146 alpha and 141 beta chains ANS: A Feedback A The HbA molecule contains 2 alpha and 2 beta chains. B The HbA molecule contains 2 alpha and 2 beta chains. C The HbA molecule contains 2 alpha and 2 beta chains. D The HbA molecule contains 2 alpha and 2 beta chains. PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Hemoglobin OBJ: 2 9. Which type of hemoglobin contains 2 alpha and 2 gamma chains? a. HbF c. HbO b. HbS d. HbM ANS: A Feedback A Fetal hemoglobin contains 2 alpha and 2 gamma chains B Fetal hemoglobin contains 2 alpha and 2 gamma chains C Fetal hemoglobin contains 2 alpha and 2 gamma chains D Fetal hemoglobin contains 2 alpha and 2 gamma chains PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Hemoglobin OBJ: 2 10. In which type of hemoglobin is the iron in the ferric state? a. methemoglobin c. HbF b. HbA d. carboxyhemoglobin ANS: A Feedback A In methemoglobin, the ion is in the ferric state B In methemoglobin, the ion is in the ferric state C In methemoglobin, the ion is in the ferric state D In methemoglobin, the ion is in the ferric state PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Hemoglobin OBJ: 2 11. If the hemoglobin level is 16 g%, what is the maximum quantity of oxygen that can be transported bound to the hemoglobin? a. 21.44 vol % c. 20.93 vol % b. 21.74 vol% d. 16 vol% ANS: A Feedback  A When the hemoglobin is fully saturated, 16 grams% of hemoglobin can transport 21.44 vol% O2 B When the hemoglobin is fully saturated, 16 grams% of hemoglobin can transport 21.44 vol% O2 C When the hemoglobin is fully saturated, 16 grams% of hemoglobin can transport 21.44 vol% O2 D When the hemoglobin is fully saturated, 16 grams% of hemoglobin can transport 21.44 vol% O2 PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Hemoglobin 12. Which vessels contribute to normal physiologic shunts? I. bronchial vein II. thebesian veins III. pulmonary capillaries that perfuse underventilated alveoli a. I, II, III c. I and III only b. I and II only d. III only ANS: A Feedback A In addition to shunts that occur within the pulmonary circulation, the bronchial and thebesian veins also contribute to the shunts. B In addition to shunts that occur within the pulmonary circulation, the bronchial and thebesian veins also contribute to the shunts. C In addition to shunts that occur within the pulmonary circulation, the bronchial and thebesian veins also contribute to the shunts. D In addition to shunts that occur within the pulmonary circulation, the bronchial and thebesian veins also contribute to the shunts. PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Quantity of Oxygen Bound to Hemoglobin OBJ: 3 13. What is the normal hemoglobin value for adult females? a. 12-15 g% c. 14-16g% b. 10-14 g% d. 12-18 g% ANS: A Feedback A For adult females, the normal hemoglobin value would be 12-15g% B For adult females, the normal hemoglobin value would be 12-15g% C For adult females, the normal hemoglobin value would be 12-15g% D For adult females, the normal hemoglobin value would be 12-15g% PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Hemoglobin OBJ: 2 14. What is the normal hemoglobin value for adult males? a. 14-16 g% c. 15-18 g% b. 12-15 g% d. 12-18 g% ANS: A  Feedback A For adult males, the normal hemoglobin value would be 14-16g% B For adult males, the normal hemoglobin value would be 14-16g% C For adult males, the normal hemoglobin value would be 14-16g% D For adult males, the normal hemoglobin value would be 14-16g% PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Hemoglobin OBJ: 2 15. What quantity of oxygen would be transported if Hb was 12g% and the SaO2 was 90%? a. 14.47 vol% O2 c. 19.8 vol% b. 16.08 vol% O2 d. 16.98 vol% ANS: A Feedback A With SaO2 of 90%, the quantity of oxygen transported by 12g of hemoglobin would equal 14.47 vol% B With SaO2 of 90%, the quantity of oxygen transported by 12g of hemoglobin would equal 14.47 vol% C With SaO2 of 90%, the quantity of oxygen transported by 12g of hemoglobin would equal 14.47 vol% D With SaO2 of 90%, the quantity of oxygen transported by 12g of hemoglobin would equal 14.47 vol% PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Quantity of Oxygen Bound to Hemoglobin OBJ: 3 16. What would the total oxygen content equal if the hemoglobin was 16g%, SaO2 was 90% and PaO2 was 63 mm Hg? a. 19.48 vol% c. 20.1 vol % b. 21.6 vol% d. 19.8 vol% ANS: A Feedback A With a hemoglobin of 16g% and SaO2 of 90%, the total oxygen content would equal 19.48 vol%. B With a hemoglobin of 16g% and SaO2 of 90%, the total oxygen content would equal 19.48 vol%. C With a hemoglobin of 16g% and SaO2 of 90%, the total oxygen content would equal 19.48 vol%. D With a hemoglobin of 16g% and SaO2 of 90%, the total oxygen content would equal 19.48 vol%. PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Total Oxygen Content OBJ: 4 17. A patient with a gunshot wound arrived via ambulance at the ER with Hb 4g%, SaO 2 98% on FIO2 1.0 and PaO2 of 503 mm Hg. What would her oxygen content equal? a. 6.76 vol% O2 c. 12.6 vol% O2 b. 20.1 vol %O2 d. 9.8 vol% O2 ANS: A  Feedback A The total oxygen content would equal 6.76 vol % O2 B The total oxygen content would equal 6.76 vol % O2 C The total oxygen content would equal 6.76 vol % O2 D The total oxygen content would equal 6.76 vol % O2 PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Total Oxygen Content|Clinical Connection 6-1: Case Study: The Importance of Hemoglobin to Oxygen Transport OBJ: 7 18. What is derived from the following formula? (Hb x 1.34 x SvO2) + (PvO2 x 0.003) a. CvO2 c. CcO2 b. CaO2 d. DO2 ANS: A Feedback A The CvO2 is derived from the formula. B The CvO2 is derived from the formula. C The CvO2 is derived from the formula. D The CvO2 is derived from the formula. PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Total Oxygen Content OBJ: 5 19. What is the formula for calculating CcO2? a. (Hb x 1.34) + (PAO2 x 0.003) c. (Hb x 1.34) + (PAO2 x 0.03) b. (Hb x 1.34) + (PvO2 x 0.003) d. (Hb x 1.34) + (PAO2 x 0.03) ANS: A Feedback A The formula for calculating pulmonary capillary oxygen content is (Hb x 1.34) + (PAO2 x 0.003) B The formula for calculating pulmonary capillary oxygen content is (Hb x 1.34) + (PAO2 x 0.003) C The formula for calculating pulmonary capillary oxygen content is (Hb x 1.34) + (PAO2 x 0.003) D The formula for calculating pulmonary capillary oxygen content is (Hb x 1.34) + (PAO2 x 0.003) PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Total Oxygen Content OBJ: 5 20. What does a hematocrit of 54% indicate for a 40 year old male residing at seal level? a. polycythemia c. normal value b. anemia d. hemophilia ANS: A Feedback A A hematocrit of 54% in a male would indicate polycythemia is present.  B A hematocrit of 54% in a male would indicate polycythemia is present. C A hematocrit of 54% in a male would indicate polycythemia is present. D A hematocrit of 54% in a male would indicate polycythemia is present. PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Total Oxygen Content|Clinical Connection 6-2: Polycythemia OBJ: 8 21. What does a hematocrit of 51% indicate for a 50 year old male residing at seal level? a. polycythemia c. anemia b. normal value d. carboxyhemoglobinemia ANS: A Feedback A A hematocrit of 51% in a female would indicate polycythemia is present. B A hematocrit of 51% in a female would indicate polycythemia is present. C A hematocrit of 51% in a female would indicate polycythemia is present. D A hematocrit of 51% in a female would indicate polycythemia is present. PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Total Oxygen Content|Clinical Connection 6-2: Polycythemia OBJ: 8 22. Which variable appears on the left side (y axis) of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve nomogram? a. percentage of hemoglobin chemically bound to oxygen b. total oxygen content c. oxygen pressure d. barometric pressure ANS: A Feedback A The percentage of hemoglobin bound to oxygen appears on the left side or y axis of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve nomogram. B The percentage of hemoglobin bound to oxygen appears on the left side or y axis of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve nomogram. C The percentage of hemoglobin bound to oxygen appears on the left side or y axis of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve nomogram. D The percentage of hemoglobin bound to oxygen appears on the left side or y axis of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve nomogram. PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve OBJ: 6 23. Which variable appears on the horizontal portion (x axis) of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation nomogram? a. oxygen partial pressure b. total oxygen content c. percentage of hemoglobin chemically bound to oxygen d. barometric pressure ANS: A  Feedback A The partial pressure of oxygen is along the horizontal portion (x axis) of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve nomogram. B The partial pressure of oxygen is along the horizontal portion (x axis) of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve nomogram. C The partial pressure of oxygen is along the horizontal portion (x axis) of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve nomogram. D The partial pressure of oxygen is along the horizontal portion (x axis) of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve nomogram. PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve OBJ: 6 24. From 97% and 90% saturation on the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve, what change occurs in the PO2? a. It falls from 100mm Hg to 60 mm Hg b. It rises from 60 mm Hg to 100 mm Hg c. It rises from 27mm Hg to 40 mm Hg d. It falls from 75mm hg to 60 mm Hg ANS: A Feedback A From 97% and 90% saturation on the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve, the PaO2 falls from 100mm Hg to 60 mm Hg B From 97% and 90% saturation on the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve, the PaO2 falls from 100mm Hg to 60 mm Hg C From 97% and 90% saturation on the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve, the PaO2 falls from 100mm Hg to 60 mm Hg D From 97% and 90% saturation on the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve, the PaO2 falls from 100mm Hg to 60 mm Hg PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Clinical Significance of the Flat Portion of the Curve OBJ: 9 25. From 97% and 90% saturation on the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve, what change occurs in the PO2? a. It falls from 100mm Hg to 60 mm Hg b. It rises from 60 mm Hg to 100 mm Hg c. It rises from 27mm Hg to 40 mm Hg d. It falls from 75mm hg to 60 mm Hg ANS: A Feedback A From 97% and 90% saturation on the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve, the PaO2 falls from 100mm Hg to 60 mm Hg B From 97% and 90% saturation on the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve, the PaO2 falls from 100mm Hg to 60 mm Hg C From 97% and 90% saturation on the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve, the PaO2 falls from 100mm Hg to 60 mm Hg D From 97% and 90% saturation on the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve, the PaO2 falls from 100mm Hg to 60 mm Hg  PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Clinical Significance of the Flat Portion of the Curve OBJ: 9 26. Which portion of the oxhemoglobin dissociation curve illustrates that hemoglobin has a safety zone for the loading of oxygen in the lungs? a. flat portion between 90-100% saturation b. steep portion between 0-25% saturation c. steep portion between 50-90% saturation d. flat portion between 50-75% saturation ANS: A Feedback A The flat portion of the curve that occurs between above 90% saturation illustrates the described safety zone. B The flat portion of the curve that occurs between above 90% saturation illustrates the described safety zone. C The flat portion of the curve that occurs between above 90% saturation illustrates the described safety zone. D The flat portion of the curve that occurs between above 90% saturation illustrates the described safety zone. PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Clinical Significance of the Flat Portion of the Curve OBJ: 9 27. What impact does the steep portion of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve have on oxygen delivery? a. PO2s below 60 enhance the release of oxygen from hemoglobin to the tissues b. PO2s below 60 prevents the release of oxygen from hemoglobin to tissues c. No oxygen can be released to tissues until PO2s are above 60 mm Hg d. Oxygen binds irreversibly with hemoglobin until the P50 is reached ANS: A Feedback A On the steep portion of the curve when PO2 s are below 60 mmHg, the release of oxygen from hemoglobin is enhanced to the tissues. B On the steep portion of the curve when PO2 s are below 60 mmHg, the release of oxygen from hemoglobin is enhanced to the tissues. C On the steep portion of the curve when PO2 s are below 60 mmHg, the release of oxygen from hemoglobin is enhanced to the tissues. D On the steep portion of the curve when PO2 s are below 60 mmHg, the release of oxygen from hemoglobin is enhanced to the tissues. PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Clinical Significance of the Steep Portion of the Curve OBJ: 9 28. What is the normal P50? a. 27 mm Hg c. 30 mm Hg b. 20 mm Hg d. 50 mm Hg ANS: A Feedback  A The normal P50 is 27 mm Hg B The normal P50 is 27 mm Hg C The normal P50 is 27 mm Hg D The normal P50 is 27 mm Hg PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: The P50 OBJ: 9 29. What does a P50 of 30 indicate? a. a rightward shift of the curve meaning a decreased affinity of hemoglobin for O2 b. a rightward shift of the curve meaning an increased affinity of hemoglobin for O2 c. a leftward shift of the curve meaning a decreased affinity of hemoglobin for O2 d. a leftward shift of the curve meaning an increased affinity of hemoglobin for O2 ANS: A Feedback A A P50 of 30 mm Hg indicates a rightward shift of the curve meaning a decreased affinity of hemoglobin for O2 B A P50 of 30 mm Hg indicates a rightward shift of the curve meaning a decreased affinity of hemoglobin for O2 C A P50 of 30 mm Hg indicates a rightward shift of the curve meaning a decreased affinity of hemoglobin for O2 D A P50 of 30 mm Hg indicates a rightward shift of the curve meaning a decreased affinity of hemoglobin for O2 PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: The P50 OBJ: 9 30. Using the 40-50-60/70-80-90 Rule, what PaO2 would be predicted if the SpO2 were 80%? a. 50 mm Hg c. 40 mm Hg b. 60 mm Hg d. 70 mm Hg ANS: A Feedback A An SpO2 of 80% correlates to a PaO2 of 50 mmHg B An SpO2 of 80% correlates to a PaO2 of 50 mmHg C An SpO2 of 80% correlates to a PaO2 of 50 mmHg D An SpO2 of 80% correlates to a PaO2 of 50 mmHg PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: The Clinical Significance of the Steep Portion of the Curve|Clinical Connection 6-3: The PaO2 and SaO2 Relationship OBJ: 10 31. Which of the following shift the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to the right? I. decreased pH II. increased body temperature III. increased PaCO2 IV. decreased 2,3 BPG a. I, II, and III only c. I and III only b. I, II, III, and IV d. I and IV only ANS: A  Feedback A Elevated body temperature, elevated PaCO2, and decreased pH will cause a rightward shift of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve B Elevated body temperature, elevated PaCO2, and decreased pH will cause a rightward shift of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve C Elevated body temperature, elevated PaCO2, and decreased pH will cause a rightward shift of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve D Elevated body temperature, elevated PaCO2, and decreased pH will cause a rightward shift of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Factors that Shift the Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve OBJ: 11 32. Which of the following shift the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to the left? I. Fetal Hb (HbF) II. carboxyhemoglobin III. increased H+ concentration a. I and II only c. II and III only b. I, II, and III d. I and III only ANS: A Feedback A HbF and carboxyhemoglobin will cause a leftward shift of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve B HbF and carboxyhemoglobin will cause a leftward shift of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve C HbF and carboxyhemoglobin will cause a leftward shift of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve D HbF and carboxyhemoglobin will cause a leftward shift of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Factors that Shift the Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve OBJ: 12 33. Which of the following increase the 2, 3 BPG levels? I. hypoxia II. anemia III. blood stored for more than 1 week IV. decreased pH a. I and II only c. I, II, and III only b. I, II, III, and IV d. I, III, and IV only ANS: A Feedback A Hypoxia and anemia will raise the 2,3 BPG levels.  B Hypoxia and anemia will raise the 2,3 BPG levels. C Hypoxia and anemia will raise the 2,3 BPG levels. D Hypoxia and anemia will raise the 2,3 BPG levels. PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Factors that Shift the Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve OBJ: 11 34. How would a PO2 of 80 mm Hg affect the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve and hemoglobin’s ability to transport oxygen to peripheral tissues? a. the curve would not be shifted and oxygen delivery would remain normal b. the curve would left but oxygen delivery would remain normal c. the curve would shift right and enhance oxygen delivery d. the curve would shift left and reduce oxygen delivery ANS: A Feedback A At a PO2 of 80 mm Hg, the curve would not shift and hemoglobin’s ability to transport oxygen to peripheral tissues would remain normal B At a PO2 of 80 mm Hg, the curve would not shift and hemoglobin’s ability to transport oxygen to peripheral tissues would remain normal C At a PO2 of 80 mm Hg, the curve would not shift and hemoglobin’s ability to transport oxygen to peripheral tissues would remain normal D At a PO2 of 80 mm Hg, the curve would not shift and hemoglobin’s ability to transport oxygen to peripheral tissues would remain normal PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Clinical Significance of Shifts in the Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve OBJ: 13 35. During an acute asthma episode, a female patient arrived in ER and on room air was found to have a pH 7.25, PaCO2 71 mm Hg, PaO2 27 mmHg. What effect would these blood gases have on the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve? a. pH and PCO2 would shift the curve to the right b. pH and PCO2 would shift the curve to the left c. pH would cause left shift but PCO2 would cause right shift d. PCO2 would cause left shift but pH would cause right shift ANS: A Feedback A The decreased pH and increased PaCO2 would shift the curve to the right. B The decreased pH and increased PaCO2 would shift the curve to the right. C The decreased pH and increased PaCO2 would shift the curve to the right. D The decreased pH and increased PaCO2 would shift the curve to the right. PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Right Shifts-Unloading of Oxygen at the Tissues|Clinical Connection 6-4: Case Study: The Significance of a Right Shift of the Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve OBJ: 14 36. What is derived when (content of oxygen in arterial blood x 10) is multiplied by cardiac output?  a. total oxygen delivery c. oxygen extraction ratio b. oxygen consumption d. shunt ANS: A Feedback A The total oxygen delivery is calculated by first multiplying the total oxygen transported in 100 mL blood (vol %) by 10 to convert to liters and then multiplying that quantity by the cardiac output to derive the volume of oxygen which can be delivered to the tissues in one minute. B The total oxygen delivery is calculated by first multiplying the total oxygen transported in 100 mL blood (vol %) by 10 to convert to liters and then multiplying that quantity by the cardiac output to derive the volume of oxygen which can be delivered to the tissues in one minute. C The total oxygen delivery is calculated by first multiplying the total oxygen transported in 100 mL blood (vol %) by 10 to convert to liters and then multiplying that quantity by the cardiac output to derive the volume of oxygen which can be delivered to the tissues in one minute. D The total oxygen delivery is calculated by first multiplying the total oxygen transported in 100 mL blood (vol %) by 10 to convert to liters and then multiplying that quantity by the cardiac output to derive the volume of oxygen which can be delivered to the tissues in one minute. PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Total Oxygen Delivery OBJ: 15 37. What would the DO2 equal if a patient has a CaO2 of 18 vol% and a CO of 6 L/min. a. 1080 mL O2/min c. 333 mL O2/min b. 960 mL O2/ min d. 618 mL O2/min ANS: A Feedback A The DO2 would equal 1080 mL O /min B The DO2 would equal 1080 mL O /min C The DO2 would equal 1080 mL O /min D The DO2 would equal 1080 mL O /min PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Total Oxygen Delivery OBJ: 15 38. A patient has a reported SaO2 of 90%, hemoglobin 15 g%, PaO2 of 61 mmHg, cardiac output of 6 L/min, and CvO2 of 14.2 vol%. What would the C(a-v) O2 equal? a. 4.07 vol% c. 6.07 vol% b. 5 vol% d. insufficent info provided to calculate ANS: A Feedback A The C(a-v)O2 would equal 4.07 vol % B The C(a-v)O2 would equal 4.07 vol % C The C(a-v)O2 would equal 4.07 vol % D The C(a-v)O2 would equal 4.07 vol %  PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Arterial-Venous Oxygen Content Difference OBJ: 15 39. A patient has a reported CaO2 of 19 vol% , cardiac output of 4.8 L/min, and CvO2 of 14 vol%. What would the oxygen consumption equal? a. 240 mLO2/ min c. 960 mL O2/min b. 250 mL O2/min d. insufficent info provided to calculate ANS: A Feedback A The oxygen consumption (VO2) would equal 240 mL O2/min. B The oxygen consumption (VO2) would equal 240 mL O2/min. C The oxygen consumption (VO2) would equal 240 mL O2/min. D The oxygen consumption (VO2) would equal 240 mL O2/min. PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Oxygen Consumption OBJ: 15 40. A patient has a reported CaO2 of 19 vol%, cardiac output of 4.8 L/min, and CvO2 of 14 vol%. What would the oxygen extraction ratio equal? a. 26.3% c. 74% b. 50% d. insufficent info provided to calculate ANS: A Feedback A The oxygen extraction ratio would equal 5/19 or 26.3% B The oxygen extraction ratio would equal 5/19 or 26.3% C The oxygen extraction ratio would equal 5/19 or 26.3% D The oxygen extraction ratio would equal 5/19 or 26.3% PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Oxygen Extraction Ratio OBJ: 15 41. Using the normal values for DO2 and VO2 for a healthy adult, how long would it take to deplete the oxygen stores in the body if an adult experienced a complete respiratory arrest? a. about 4 minutes c. about 8 minutes b. about 2 minutes d. about 10 minues ANS: A Feedback A The oxygen would be depleted in about 4 minutes B The oxygen would be depleted in about 4 minutes C The oxygen would be depleted in about 4 minutes D The oxygen would be depleted in about 4 minutes PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Oxygen Consumption|Clinical Connection 6-5: Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: Start as Early as Possible! OBJ: 16 42. What effect would hyperthermia and shivering have on VO2 and the O2ER? a. Both would increase  b. Both would decrease c. VO2 would increase and O2ER would decrease d. VO2 would decrease and O2ER would increase ANS: A Feedback A VO2 and O2ER would increase with hyperthermia and shivering. B VO2 and O2ER would increase with hyperthermia and shivering. C VO2 and O2ER would increase with hyperthermia and shivering. D VO2 and O2ER would increase with hyperthermia and shivering. PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Mixed Venous Oxygen Saturation OBJ: 17 43. What effect would cyanide poisoning and hypothermia have on VO2 and the O2ER? a. Both would decrease b. Both would increase c. VO2 would increase and O2ER would decrease d. VO2 would decrease and O2ER would increase ANS: A Feedback A VO2 and O2ER would decrease with hypothermia and cyanide poisoning B VO2 and O2ER would decrease with hypothermia and cyanide poisoning C VO2 and O2ER would decrease with hypothermia and cyanide poisoning D VO2 and O2ER would decrease with hypothermia and cyanide poisoning PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Mixed Venous Oxygen Saturation OBJ: 17 44. What is another term for absolute shunts? a. true shunts c. deadspace b. relative shunts d. shunt-like effects ANS: A Feedback A Absolute shunts are also called true shunts B Absolute shunts are also called true shunts C Absolute shunts are also called true shunts D Absolute shunts are also called true shunts PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Anatomic Shunts OBJ: 18 45. In a normal lung, how large is the normal anatomic shunt? a. 3% of cardiac output c. 9% of cardiac output b. 6% of cardiac output d. less than 1% of cardiac output ANS: A Feedback  A In a normal lung, there is a normal anatomic shunt of 3% B In a normal lung, there is a normal anatomic shunt of 3% C In a normal lung, there is a normal anatomic shunt of 3% D In a normal lung, there is a normal anatomic shunt of 3% PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Anatomic Shunts OBJ: 18 46. What is the general term for the situation when blood flows from the right side of the heart and returns to the left side without passing through the alveolar capillary system? a. anatomic shunt c. shunt-like effect b. relative shunt d. left-to-right shunt ANS: A Feedback A In an anatomic shunt, deoxygenated blood completely bypasses the alveolar-capillary system and returns to the left side heart. B In an anatomic shunt, deoxygenated blood completely bypasses the alveolar-capillary system and returns to the left side heart. C In an anatomic shunt, deoxygenated blood completely bypasses the alveolar-capillary system and returns to the left side heart. D In an anatomic shunt, deoxygenated blood completely bypasses the alveolar-capillary system and returns to the left side heart. PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Anatomic Shunts OBJ: 18 47. Which of the following would cause capillary shunts? I. Atelectasis II. Severe pulmonary edema III. Pneumonia a. I, II, and III c. II only b. I only d. I and II only ANS: A Feedback A All of the conditions listed would cause capillary shunts. B All of the conditions listed would cause capillary shunts. C All of the conditions listed would cause capillary shunts. D All of the conditions listed would cause capillary shunts. PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Capillary Shunts OBJ: 18 48. Which of the following shunts compose true shunts? a. anatomic and capillary c. capillary and relative b. anatomic and relative d. anatomic and deadspace ANS: A  Feedback A The true shunt is the sum of the anatomic and capillary shunts B The true shunt is the sum of the anatomic and capillary shunts C The true shunt is the sum of the anatomic and capillary shunts D The true shunt is the sum of the anatomic and capillary shunts PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Capillary Shunts OBJ: 18 49. What term is described as “pulmonary perfusion in excess of alveolar ventilation”? a. relative shunt c. anatomic shunt b. deadspace d. wasted ventilation ANS: A Feedback A Pulmonary perfusion in excess of alveolar ventilation describes a relative shunt or shunt- like effect. B Pulmonary perfusion in excess of alveolar ventilation describes a relative shunt or shunt- like effect. C Pulmonary perfusion in excess of alveolar ventilation describes a relative shunt or shunt- like effect. D Pulmonary perfusion in excess of alveolar ventilation describes a relative shunt or shunt- like effect. PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Relative Shunt OBJ: 18 50. What is the end result of venous admixture? a. reduced PaO2 and reduced CaO2 returning to left side of the heart b. reduced PaO2 and reduced CaO2 returning to left side of the heart c. increased PaO2 and increased CaO2 returning to left side of the heart d. increased PaO2 and increased CaO2 returning to left side of the heart ANS: A Feedback A The end result of pulmonary shunting, or venous admixture, is a reduced PaO2 and reduced CaO2 returning to the left side of the heart. B The end result of pulmonary shunting, or venous admixture, is a reduced PaO2 and reduced CaO2 returning to the left side of the heart. C The end result of pulmonary shunting, or venous admixture, is a reduced PaO2 and reduced CaO2 returning to the left side of the heart. D The end result of pulmonary shunting, or venous admixture, is a reduced PaO2 and reduced CaO2 returning to the left side of the heart. PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Venous Admixture OBJ: 19 51. What value is derived when (CcO2-CaO2) is divided by (CcO2-CvO2 ) a. intrapulmonary shunt (QS/QT) c. O2ER b. A-a gradient d. VO2 ANS: A  Feedback A The classic shunt equation (QS/QT) is derived by (CcO2-CaO2) divided by (CcO2- CvO2 ) B The classic shunt equation (QS/QT) is derived by (CcO2-CaO2) divided by (CcO2- CvO2 ) C The classic shunt equation (QS/QT) is derived by (CcO2-CaO2) divided by (CcO2- CvO2 ) D The classic shunt equation (QS/QT) is derived by (CcO2-CaO2) divided by (CcO2- CvO2 ) PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Shunt Equation OBJ: 20 52. Which of the following pulmonary shunt values indicates a potentially life-threatening clinical situation? a. 35% c. 17% b. 23% d. 8% ANS: A Feedback A A shunt value of greater than 30% indicates a potentially life-threatening situation that requires immediate aggressive intervention. B A shunt value of greater than 30% indicates a potentially life-threatening situation that requires immediate aggressive intervention. C A shunt value of greater than 30% indicates a potentially life-threatening situation that requires immediate aggressive intervention. D A shunt value of greater than 30% indicates a potentially life-threatening situation that requires immediate aggressive intervention. PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: The Clinical Significance of Pulmonary Shunting OBJ: 21 53. Which term refers to “low or inadequate oxygen for aerobic cellular metabolism”? a. hypoxia c. anoxia b. hypoxemia d. lactic acid ANS: A Feedback A Hypoxia refers to an inadequate level of tissue oxygenation. B Hypoxia refers to an inadequate level of tissue oxygenation. C Hypoxia refers to an inadequate level of tissue oxygenation. D Hypoxia refers to an inadequate level of tissue oxygenation. PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Hypoxemia vs Hypoxia OBJ: 22 54. What is the general definition of hypoxemia? a. low oxygen tension in arterial blood b. low oxygen tension at the tissue level c. low oxygen tension in venous blood  d. low oxygen tension in the hemoglobin ANS: A Feedback A Hypoxemia is a reduced arterial oxygen tension. B Hypoxemia is a reduced arterial oxygen tension. C Hypoxemia is a reduced arterial oxygen tension. D Hypoxemia is a reduced arterial oxygen tension. PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Hypoxemia vs Hypoxia OBJ: 22 55. Which type of hypoxia is caused by hypoventilation, high altitudes, diffusion defects, and V/Q mismatch? a. hypoxemic c. circulatory b. anemic d. anemic ANS: A Feedback A Hypoxemic hypoxia is caused by hypoventilation, diffusion defects, high altitudes and V/Q mismatch. B Hypoxemic hypoxia is caused by hypoventilation, diffusion defects, high altitudes and V/Q mismatch. C Hypoxemic hypoxia is caused by hypoventilation, diffusion defects, high altitudes and V/Q mismatch. D Hypoxemic hypoxia is caused by hypoventilation, diffusion defects, high altitudes and V/Q mismatch. PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Hypoxic Hypoxia OBJ: 23 56. Which type of hypoxia is characterized by a normal PaO2 with either a low hemoglobin or a reduced oxygen carrying capacity of the hemoglobin ? a. anemic c. circulatory b. hypoxemic d. histotoxic ANS: A Feedback A Anemic hypoxia is characterized by a normal PaO2 but either a reduced hemoglobin value or a reduced carrying capacity of the hemoglobin B Anemic hypoxia is characterized by a normal PaO2 but either a reduced hemoglobin value or a reduced carrying capacity of the hemoglobin C Anemic hypoxia is characterized by a normal PaO2 but either a reduced hemoglobin value or a reduced carrying capacity of the hemoglobin D Anemic hypoxia is characterized by a normal PaO2 but either a reduced hemoglobin value or a reduced carrying capacity of the hemoglobin PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Anemic Hypoxia OBJ: 23 57. Which type of hypoxia would be present in carbon monoxide poisoning?  a. anemic c. circulatory b. histotoxic d. hypoxemic ANS: A Feedback A Carbon monoxide poisoning is an example of anemic hypoxia and interferes with oxygen transport by occupying the sites on the hemoglobin where oxygen attaches B Carbon monoxide poisoning is an example of anemic hypoxia and interferes with oxygen transport by occupying the sites on the hemoglobin where oxygen attaches C Carbon monoxide poisoning is an example of anemic hypoxia and interferes with oxygen transport by occupying the sites on the hemoglobin where oxygen attaches D Carbon monoxide poisoning is an example of anemic hypoxia and interferes with oxygen transport by occupying the sites on the hemoglobin where oxygen attaches PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Anemic Hypoxia|Clinical Connection 6-6: Hemoglobin and Carbon Monoxide Poisoning OBJ: 24 58. Which type of hypoxia is also called stagnant hypoxia? a. circulatory c. anemic b. histotoxic d. hypoxemic ANS: A Feedback A Circulatory hypoxia is also called stagnant or hypoperfusion hypoxia B Circulatory hypoxia is also called stagnant or hypoperfusion hypoxia C Circulatory hypoxia is also called stagnant or hypoperfusion hypoxia D Circulatory hypoxia is also called stagnant or hypoperfusion hypoxia PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Circulatory Hypoxia OBJ: 23 59. Which type of hypoxia results from an inability of tissue cells to utilize the oxygen delivered to them? a. histotoxic c. anemic b. circulatory d. hypoxemic ANS: A Feedback A Histotoxic hypoxia results when the tissue cells are unable to metabolize oxygen such as occurs with cyanide poisoning. B Histotoxic hypoxia results when the tissue cells are unable to metabolize oxygen such as occurs with cyanide poisoning. C Histotoxic hypoxia results when the tissue cells are unable to metabolize oxygen such as occurs with cyanide poisoning. D Histotoxic hypoxia results when the tissue cells are unable to metabolize oxygen such as occurs with cyanide poisoning. PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Histotoxic Hypoxia OBJ: 23 60. What is the minimum amount reduced hemoglobin that must be present for cyanosis to appear?  a. 5 g% c. 3g% b. 1 % d. 7g% ANS: A Feedback A Cyanosis will be present when 5 or more grams of reduced hemoglobin are present in 100 mL of blood. B Cyanosis will be present when 5 or more grams of reduced hemoglobin are present in 100 mL of blood. C Cyanosis will be present when 5 or more grams of reduced hemoglobin are present in 100 mL of blood. D Cyanosis will be present when 5 or more grams of reduced hemoglobin are present in 100 mL of blood. PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Cyanosis OBJ: 25 61. Which clinical anomaly is described as a bluish gray to purple discoloration resulting from increased levels of reduced hemoglobin? a. cyanosis c. mottling b. jaundice d. vitiligo ANS: A Feedback A Cyanosis, is derived from the Greek word for blue, and refers to the discoloration that occurs on lips, nailbeds, toes, mucous membranes, and skin B Cyanosis, is derived from the Greek word for blue, and refers to the discoloration that occurs on lips, nailbeds, toes, mucous membranes, and skin C Cyanosis, is derived from the Greek word for blue, and refers to the discoloration that occurs on lips, nailbeds, toes, mucous membranes, and skin D Cyanosis, is derived from the Greek word for blue, and refers to the discoloration that occurs on lips, nailbeds, toes, mucous membranes, and skin PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Cyanosis OBJ: 25 62. Which hormone is used in blood boosting by athletes? a. EPO c. HCG b. ACTH d. Glucagon ANS: A Feedback A Erythropoietin, EPO, has been used to increase hemoglobin levels for the purpose of enhancing athletic performance B Erythropoietin, EPO, has been used to increase hemoglobin levels for the purpose of enhancing athletic performance C Erythropoietin, EPO, has been used to increase hemoglobin levels for the purpose of enhancing athletic performance D Erythropoietin, EPO, has been used to increase hemoglobin levels for the purpose of enhancing athletic performance PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Cyanosis|Clinical Connection 6-7: Blood Doping OBJ: 26 63. What volume of carbon dioxide is produced per minute by the average adult at rest? a. 200 mL/min c. 100 mL/min b. 250 mL/min d. 150 mL/min ANS: A Feedback A The normal carbon dioxide production at rest is 200 mL/min B The normal carbon dioxide production at rest is 200 mL/min C The normal carbon dioxide production at rest is 200 mL/min D The normal carbon dioxide production at rest is 200 mL/min PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Carbon Dioxide Transport OBJ: 27 64. Which of the following are ways carbon dioxide is transported in the plasma? I. Dissolved II. Bicarbonate III. Carbamino-Hb a. I and II only c. I only b. I, II, and III d. II only ANS: A Feedback A In plasma, CO2 is transported dissolved , as bicarbonate, and as carbamino compounds (not carbamino Hb). B In plasma, CO2 is transported dissolved , as bicarbonate, and as carbamino compounds (not carbamino Hb). C In plasma, CO2 is transported dissolved , as bicarbonate, and as carbamino compounds (not carbamino Hb). D In plasma, CO2 is transported dissolved , as bicarbonate, and as carbamino compounds (not carbamino Hb). PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Carbon Dioxide Transport OBJ: 27 65. Which of the following are ways carbon dioxide is transported in the RBC? I. Dissolved II. Bicarbonate III. Carbamino-Hb a. I, II, and III c. I only b. I and II only d. II only ANS: A Feedback A In the RBC, CO2 is transported dissolved , as bicarbonate, and as carbamino Hb B In the RBC, CO2 is transported dissolved , as bicarbonate, and as carbamino Hb  C In the RBC, CO2 is transported dissolved , as bicarbonate, and as carbamino Hb D In the RBC, CO2 is transported dissolved , as bicarbonate, and as carbamino Hb PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Carbon Dioxide Transport OBJ: 28 66. What portion of the total amount of CO2 transported is carried as dissolved CO2 in the plasma? a. 5% c. 10% b. 1% d. 20% ANS: A Feedback A Dissolved CO2 in the plasma accounts for 5% of the total CO2 transported by the blood. B Dissolved CO2 in the plasma accounts for 5% of the total CO2 transported by the blood. C Dissolved CO2 in the plasma accounts for 5% of the total CO2 transported by the blood. D Dissolved CO2 in the plasma accounts for 5% of the total CO2 transported by the blood. PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Carbon Dioxide Transport OBJ: 27 67. What portion of the total CO2 transported by the body is carried as carbamino-Hb? a. 21% c. 41% b. 11% d. 1% ANS: A Feedback A About 21% of the total CO2 transported is carried in the form of carbamino-Hb B About 21% of the total CO2 transported is carried in the form of carbamino-Hb C About 21% of the total CO2 transported is carried in the form of carbamino-Hb D About 21% of the total CO2 transported is carried in the form of carbamino-Hb PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Carbon Dioxide Transport OBJ: 28 68. How is the majority of CO2 transported from the tissues to the lungs? a. bicarbonate c. carbamino Hb b. dissolved in the plasma d. carbamino compounds ANS: A Feedback A Most (63%)of the carbon dioxide is transported from tissue cells to the lungs in the form of bicarbonate B Most (63%)of the carbon dioxide is transported from tissue cells to the lungs in the form of bicarbonate C Most (63%)of the carbon dioxide is transported from tissue cells to the lungs in the form of bicarbonate D Most (63%)of the carbon dioxide is transported from tissue cells to the lungs in the form of bicarbonate PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Carbon Dioxide Transport OBJ: 30 69. What is the function of carbonic anhydrase in the RBC? a. catalyzes the hydrolysis of dissolved CO2 b. binds to form carbamino compounds c. prevents oxygen from binding with hemoglobin d. enhances the amount of CO2 that dissolves in the RBC ANS: A Feedback A In the RBC, carbonic anhydase catalyzes the hydrolysis of CO2. B In the RBC, carbonic anhydase catalyzes the hydrolysis of CO2. C In the RBC, carbonic anhydase catalyzes the hydrolysis of CO2. D In the RBC, carbonic anhydase catalyzes the hydrolysis of CO2. PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Carbon Dioxide Transport OBJ: 29 70. What substance is formed when CO2 is hydrolyzed? a. carbonic acid which dissociates into HCO3- and H+ b. lactic acid c. carbamino compounds d. carboxyhemoglobin ANS: A Feedback A CO2 and H20 form carbonic acid which then dissociates into HCO3- and H+ B CO2 and H20 form carbonic acid which then dissociates into HCO3- and H+ C CO2 and H20 form carbonic acid which then dissociates into HCO3- and H+ D CO2 and H20 form carbonic acid which then dissociates into HCO3- and H+ PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Carbon Dioxide Transport OBJ: 30 71. In the lungs, what substances does carbonic acid primarily dissociate into for removal? a. CO2 and H20 c. lactic acid b. HCO3- and H+ d. carbamino Hb ANS: A Feedback A At the lungs, the H2CO3 reaction shifts so carbon dioxide can be eliminated at the alveolar capillaries. B At the lungs, the H2CO3 reaction shifts so carbon dioxide can be eliminated at the alveolar capillaries. C At the lungs, the H2CO3 reaction shifts so carbon dioxide can be eliminated at the alveolar capillaries. D At the lungs, the H2CO3 reaction shifts so carbon dioxide can be eliminated at the alveolar capillaries. PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Carbon Dioxide Elimination at the Lungs OBJ: 30 72. What is the normal ratio of HCO3- to H2CO3 in the plasma of arterial blood? a. 20:1 c. 1:20 b. 10:1 d. 1:10 ANS: A Feedback A The normal bicarbonate to carbonic acid ratio is 20:1 in the plasma of arterial blood of a normal adult B The normal bicarbonate to carbonic acid ratio is 20:1 in the plasma of arterial blood of a normal adult C The normal bicarbonate to carbonic acid ratio is 20:1 in the plasma of arterial blood of a normal adult D The normal bicarbonate to carbonic acid ratio is 20:1 in the plasma of arterial blood of a normal adult PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Carbon Dioxide Transport OBJ: 29 73. How does the shape of the carbon dioxide dissociation curve compare to that of oxygen? a. It is more linear than the oxygen dissociation curve. b. It is shaped more like a sine wave c. They both are S shaped d. They both are almost linear ANS: A Feedback A The CO2 dissociation curve is more linear than the S-shaped oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve. B The CO2 dissociation curve is more linear than the S-shaped oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve. C The CO2 dissociation curve is more linear than the S-shaped oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve. D The CO2 dissociation curve is more linear than the S-shaped oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve. PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Carbon Dioxide Dissociation OBJ: 31 74. What is the name for the effect of the oxygenation levels of the blood on the uptake and release of CO2? a. Haldane effect c. Severinghaus effect b. Bohr effect d. Halston effect ANS: A Feedback A The Haldane effect describes the impact of deoxygenated blood on the loading of CO2 and the impact that oxygenated blood has on the unloading of CO2 B The Haldane effect describes the impact of deoxygenated blood on the loading of CO2 and the impact that oxygenated blood has on the unloading of CO2 C The Haldane effect describes the impact of deoxygenated blood on the loading of CO2 and the impact that oxygenated blood has on the unloading of CO2 D The Haldane effect describes the impact of deoxygenated blood on the loading of CO2 and the impact that oxygenated blood has on the unloading of CO2 PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: CO2 Dissociation Curve OBJ: 32