Chapter 6- Biomed Study Guide PDF

Chapter 6- Biomed Study Guide 1. What is the common name of the robotic system? Da Vinci® Robotic System 2. What is another name for telechir? Name for remote controlled robots 3. Common Laser uses CO2 lasers are commonly used for laser bronchoscopy CO2 lasers heat tissue until the cell wall bursts,...

Chapter 6- Biomed Study Guide 1. What is the common name of the robotic system? Da Vinci® Robotic System 2. What is another name for telechir? Name for remote controlled robots 3. Common Laser uses CO2 lasers are commonly used for laser bronchoscopy CO2 lasers heat tissue until the cell wall bursts, producing steam, and can be used on light or dark tissues. Argon lasers are used for treating the retina Argon lasers are absorbed by dark and red tissues, traveling through clear tissues without heating them. Nd:YAG lasers are commonly used for gastrointestinal endoscopy. 4. Know the difference type of electrosurgical units Boive, monopolar and Bipolar W.T. Bovie developed the first spark-gap tube generator for electrosurgery. Monopolar electrosurgery is the most common type, used for coagulation or cutting large areas. Bipolar electrosurgery is less frequent, used only for coagulation in delicate procedures and areas of moisture. 5. What is the Ohm’s Law? The term Ohm's law refers to one of the fundamental relationships found in electronic circuits: that, for a given resistance, current is directly proportional to voltage. In other words, if you increase the voltage through a circuit whose resistance is fixed, the current goes up. 6. Atom, Nucleus ,Protons, Neutrons and Electrons An atom is the smallest unit of matter, composed of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons orbiting the nucleus Protons are positively charged, neutrons are neutrally charged, and electrons are negatively charged Protons and neutrons are tightly bound in the nucleus, while electrons are much lighter and move more freely around the nucleus. 7. Ampere, currents, and voltage Current: The flow of electricity Measured in amperes Voltage: Electrical potential or the electric charge at any given time between two points. Ampere: measure current flow 8. Heat transfer through the body: Thermal Equilibrium Two objects touch, one cold, other warm Cold object warms up, warm object cools down Reach point when no change occurs Conduction Transference of thermal energy by contact Convection Liquid and gases poor conductors Transfer heat through convection Movement of energetic molecules in liquid or gas Boiling water on stove 9. Know Electromagnetic Waves Visible Light originates in electric and magnetic fields Include radio waves, microwaves, infrared waves, visible light, ultraviolet light, x-rays, gamma rays Listed in order of vibration – slow to fast 10. MATTER Three States Solids: has definite shape and volume Liquids: has volume, but no shape Gasses: has no volume or shape Plasma: High-energy form of matter, Sometimes defined as a fourth state 11. Robotic manipulator Pitch – up and down Yaw – right and left Roll – rotating movement ADVANTAGES OF REMOTE MANIPULATION Eliminates hand tremor Surgeon performs interventions in a confined space Better visualization Fosters telesurgery