Chapter 4.5 - 4.22 Cell Organelles PDF

Chapter 4 Section 4.5 – 4.22: Cell Organelles  Learning Objective Today you will learn to: ▪ Compare the organelles found in a plant versus an animal cell. ▪ Identify the following essential cell structures and their functions: ▪ Nucleus ▪ Lysosome...

Chapter 4 Section 4.5 – 4.22: Cell Organelles  Learning Objective Today you will learn to: ▪ Compare the organelles found in a plant versus an animal cell. ▪ Identify the following essential cell structures and their functions: ▪ Nucleus ▪ Lysosome ▪ Ribosome ▪ Vacuole ▪ Mitochondria ▪ Cytoplasm ▪ Chloroplast ▪ Cytoskeleton ▪ Endoplasmic reticulum ▪ Golgi  Unit Organizer Cells is about Cell Structure & Function and the two with their various Types that are Organelles Prokaryotes Eukaryotes that are divided into Uni- Multi- cellular cellular Cell Structures ▪ Contain organelles: ▪ Specialized structures that perform certain functions ▪ Cell is made up of 2 parts: ▪ Nucleus ▪ Cytoplasm  Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Section 7-2 Animal Cell Cytoplasm Nucleolus Nucleus Cell Membrane Go to Section:  Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function Nucleus ▪ Nickname: “The Control Center” ▪ Function: Contains the DNA. Site where RNA is made ▪ Found in: Eukaryotic Cells  Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function Nucleolus – dark spot in nucleus ▪ Function: helps copy DNA into RNA to make ribosomes ▪ Found in: Eukaryotic Cells  Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Section 7-2 Animal Cell Cytoplasm Nucleolus Ribosomes Nucleus Cell Membrane Go to Section:  Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function Ribosomes ▪ Function: Makes (synthesizes) proteins ▪ Cells that make lots of proteins have more ribosomes ▪ Can move around cell ▪ Found in: All cells (Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic)  Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Section 7-2 Animal Cell Cytoplasm Nucleolus Ribosomes Nucleus Cell Membrane Smooth Rough Endoplasmic Endoplasmic Reticulum Reticulum Go to Section:  Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) ▪ Nickname: “Highway” ▪ Function: The internal transport system of the cell that transports proteins to the Golgi apparatus. Also synthesizes fats. ▪ Rough ER: Rough because it has ribosomes on the outside ▪ Smooth ER: Not rough, since it carries the ribosomes and their proteins on the inside. ▪ Found in: Eukaryotic Cells Rough verses Smooth ER  Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Section 7-2 Animal Cell Cytoplasm Nucleolus Ribosomes Nucleus Cell Membrane Smooth Endoplasmic Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Reticulum Golgi Complex Go to Section:  Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function Golgi Complex ▪ Nickname: “The shippers” ▪ Function: Site where all cell products (like proteins) are packaged for export from the ER to different locations inside/outside of the cell ▪ Found in: Eukaryotic cells  Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function Lysosomes: (circular, but bigger than ribosomes) ▪ Nickname: “Clean-up Crew” ▪ Function: Contain digestive enzymes to break down food into particles the cell can use and to destroy old organelles and cells. They join with vacuoles for this. ▪ Found in: Mostly Animal Eukaryotic Cells Interesting fact: Failure to “clean-up” old cells can result in Tay Sachs disease Figure 4.10a-4 Digestive enzymes Lysosome Digestion Food vacuole Plasma membrane  Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Section 7-2 Animal Cell Cytoplasm Nucleolus Ribosomes Nucleus Cell Membrane Mitochondria Rough Endoplasmic Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Reticulum Golgi Bodies  Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function Mitochondria ▪ Nickname: “The Powerhouse” ▪ Function: Site of cellular respiration. Breaks down food to make ATP. ▪ ATP: is the major fuel for all cell activities that require energy ▪ Found in: All Eukaryotic Cells Important fact: Prokaryotic cells may lack mitochondria, but they have all of the same chemicals within their structure to still perform cellular respiration to acquire the ATP energy needed to function. The chemical reactions for cellular respiration occur within the membranes and the matrix of the mitochondria.  Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Section 7-2 Plant Cell Vacuole Chloroplast Cell Membrane Cell Wall Go to Section:  Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function Vacuoles ▪ Function: Stores mostly water, but also salts, proteins, and carbohydrates. ▪ In animal and protist cells they’re created from infoldings/out foldings of the cell membrane to bring in food or remove waste ▪ Allows plants to stand upright by being rigid. ▪ When there is no water, the plant wilts ▪ Found in: Mostly Plant Eukaryotic Cells, but also in some Protist and Animal Eukaryotes  Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Section 7-2 Plant Cell Vacuole Chloroplast Cell Membrane Cell Wall Go to Section:  Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function Chloroplasts ▪ Function: Site of photosynthesis, which traps energy from the sun to produce food for the plant cell. ▪ Green in color because of chlorophyll, a green pigment ▪ Found in: Eukaryotic Plants and some Protists Important fact: Prokaryotic cells also lack chloroplasts, but producer bacteria have the same chemicals within their structure to still perform photosynthesis.  Important Point!! Chloroplasts stores energy for plants Mitochondria releases energy for plant and animals Chloroplasts  Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Section 7-2 Plant Cell Vacuole Chloroplast Cell Membrane Cell Wall Go to Section: Other Structures  Cytoplasm ▪ Function: Liquid or jelly-like substance inside the cell spaces that contains the organelles ▪ Is the site of many chemical cytoplasm reactions ▪ Found in: All cells (Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic)  Cytoskeleton ▪ Functions: ▪ Helps support cell ▪ Helps cell maintain shape ▪ Helps allow movement ▪ Found in: All Cells (Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic) Cytoskeleton (cont) ▪ Microfilaments ▪ Tough, flexible framework ▪ Responsible for cytoplasmic movements (like in amoebas)  Cytoskeleton (cont) ▪ Microtubules ▪ Form spindles that helps separate chromosomes in cell division ▪ Also form Cilia and Flagella ▪ Used in movement  Review 1. Compare the organelles found in a plant versus an animal cell. 2. Identify the following essential cell structures and their functions: ▪ Nucleus ▪ Lysosome ▪ Ribosome ▪ Vacuole ▪ Mitochondria ▪ Cytoplasm ▪ Cytoskeleton ▪ Chloroplast ▪ Endoplasmic reticulum ▪ Golgi