Chapter 3 Communications, Networks, and Internet PDF

## Chapter 3 Communications, Networks, and Internet ### What is Computer Communication? Computer communication is the process of sharing data, programs, and information between two or more computers. ### Connectivity: Connectivity is a concept related to using computer networks to link people an...

## Chapter 3 Communications, Networks, and Internet ### What is Computer Communication? Computer communication is the process of sharing data, programs, and information between two or more computers. ### Connectivity: Connectivity is a concept related to using computer networks to link people and resources. ### Communication Systems: They are electronic systems that transmit data from one location to another. Whether wired or wireless, every communication system has four basic elements: 1. Sending and receiving devices: are often a computer. 2. Connection devices: these devices act as an interface between sending and receiving devices and the communication channel such as a modem. 3. Data transmission specifications: are rules and procedures for sending and receiving data. 4. Communication channel: There are two categories of communication channels: wireless connections and physical connections. #### Physical Connections: Physical connections use a solid medium to connect sending and receiving devices. Fiber- optic cable, coaxial cable, twisted pair cable. #### Wireless Connections: Do not use a solid substance to connect sending and receiving devices. Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, microwave, WiMAX, cellular, and satellite. ### What is a Computer Network? A computer network is a communication system that connects two or more computing devices (computers) so that they can exchange information and share resources. ### Main Types of Networks: | Type | Description | |---|---| | LAN | Local area network; connect nearby devices | | Home | Local area network for home and apartment use | | WLAN | Wireless Local area network (Wireless LAN) | | PAN | Personal area network; is wireless network connects digital devices | | MAN | Metropolitan area network; link office buildings within a city. | | WAN | Wide Area Network for countrywide or worldwide coverage | ### Organizational Networks #### 1- Internet Technologies: Internet technologies support effective communication using intranets and extranets: * Intranet: * Extranet: #### 2- Network Security: Three technologies commonly used to ensure network security: * Firewall * Intrusion detection system (IDS) * Virtual private network (VPN) ### What is the Internet? The internet is a global network of linked computer networks that allows people worldwide to share information (words, images, and any digital file) and to communicate electronically. It is the largest global network, connecting smaller networks worldwide. ### Uses of the Internet * Communicating: is the most popular Internet activity. * Searching: You can access some of the world's largest libraries directly from your home computer. * Downloading: millions of documents and applications. * E-commerce: buying and selling goods electronically. * Education or e-learning: online distant education courses. * Online entertainment: can find the latest movies and news, listen to music, and play video games with friends around the world. NB: The first step to using the Internet and the web is to get connected, or to gain access to the Internet. ### Internet access To be able to use the Internet you need a provider and a browser. * **Providers**: The most common way to access the Internet is through an Internet service provider (ISP). Users connect to ISPs using one of a variety of connection technologies including telephone lines (DSL), cable, and wireless connections. * **Browsers**: are programs that provide access to Web resources, they allow to explore, or to surf, the Web by easily moving from one Web site to another. Four well-known browsers are Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Apple Safari, and Microsoft Edge. ### Internet Communication Communication is the most popular Internet activity. Some popular types of Internet communication are e-mail, messaging, social networking, blogs, microblogs, podcasts, and wikis. 1. **E-mail (electronic mail)**: Is the transmission of electronic messages over the Internet. The most widely used e-mail programs are: Microsoft's Outlook, Google'gmail, and Yahoo!mail. 2. **Messaging**: Electronic messaging is a popular way to communicate quickly and efficiently with friends, family, and co-workers. The two most widely used forms of electronic messaging are text and instant messaging: * Text messaging SMS, MMS * Instant Messaging (IM): Three of the most popular instant messaging services are: Facebook Messenger, WhatsApp, and Google Meet. 3. **Social Networking**: Sites focus on connecting people and organizations that share a common interest or activity. The most popular are Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, LinkedIn. 4. **Blogs, Microblogs, Podcasts, and Wikis**: * **Blogs**: are typically personal websites to keep in touch with friends and family. The most widely used is Blogger. * **Microblogs**: publishes short sentences that only take a few seconds to write. The most popular microblogging site is Twitter. * **Podcasts**: are audio programs delivered over the Internet. For example, The Science of Happiness. * **Wikis**: are Websites specially designed to allow visitors to use their browsers to add, edit, or delete the site's content. Wikipedia is one of the most popular wikis. ### Search Engines Search engines are specialized programs that assist you in locating information on the web and the Internet. To find information, you go to a search service's website and use its search engine. | Search Service | Site | |---|:---| | Bing | www.bing.com | | Google | www.google.com | | Yahoo! | www.yahoo.com | ### Cloud Computing Cloud computing uses the Internet and the web to shift many of these computer activities from the user's computer to other computers on the Internet. The basic components of cloud computing are clients, the Internet, and service Providers. For example, Google Drive Apps ### The Internet of Things The Internet of Things (IoT) is the continuing development of the Internet that allows everyday objects embedded with electronic devices to send and receive data over the Internet. Google's Nest.