CHAPTER 2Identity and Perception.pdf

IDENTITY AND PERCEPTION Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, UNIMAS 1  IDENTITY What is identity? In social psychology, Identity is defined as all the answers to the question “Who am I?” & “Who are you?” Identity is a person’s per...

IDENTITY AND PERCEPTION Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, UNIMAS 1  IDENTITY What is identity? In social psychology, Identity is defined as all the answers to the question “Who am I?” & “Who are you?” Identity is a person’s perception of self within a particular social, geographical, cultural and political context. Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, UNIMAS 2 How do you describe your identity? Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, UNIMAS 3  IDENTITY Identity is socially constructed Socially constructed – a concept that exists not in objective reality. It exist because humans agree it exists. Identity is created, reflected, and maintained through interactions among people Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, UNIMAS 4  Characteristics of Identity 1. Multifaceted People have multiple identities Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, UNIMAS 5  Characteristics of Identity (cont…) 2. Social and Personal Personal : unique qualities of ourselves “I” statement Social : identities shared with a larger group “We” statement Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, UNIMAS 6  Characteristics of Identity (cont…) 3. Salience and Strength Salience: the degree to which an identity is prominent or stand out in a given situation Strength: thedegree of importance of a particular identity Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, UNIMAS 7  Characteristics of Identity 4. Fluid and stable Social identities take shape according to whom we are talking with and what we are talking about RuPaul Andre Charles (born November 17, 1960), known professionally by the mononym RuPaul, is an American actor, drag queen, television personality, and singer/songwriter. Since 2009, he has produced and hosted the reality competition series RuPaul's Drag 8 Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, UNIMAS Race, for which he received two Primetime Emmy Awards.  Characteristics of Identity 5. Avowed and Ascribed Avowal : the process of telling others what identity(ies) you wish to present or how you see yourself. i.e. your admission/declaration of who you really are. Ascription: the process of assigning in another person what you think his or her identity should be. Ascribed identities are personal, social, or cultural identities that are placed on us by Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, UNIMAS 9 others Characteristics of Identity 6. Passing and Outing Pass: to be in group/ hide true identity The act of passing involves a person living their life as another race than their born identity. By passing as a different race, an individual transforms their identity. Out: to express one true identity https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CeiPajE-rUs Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, UNIMAS 10  Characteristics of Identity 7. Performance and Expression Rituals, customs Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, UNIMAS 11  Self and Identity Fundamental aspects of the self: Self-concept Self- awareness Self- esteem These dimensions influence and are influenced by the way you communicate Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, UNIMAS 12 Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, UNIMAS 13  SELF AND IDENTITY Self concept The way you see yourself The feelings and thoughts about your strengths and weaknesses, your abilities and limitations, your aspiration and worldview. According to psychology, self-concept is composed of two key parts: personal identity and social identity. Self-concept is, therefore, your understanding of who you are. Your self-concept includes your awareness and beliefs about your personality, character, and values. Self concept can be positive or negative and may help or hinder you by lowering or increasing your levels of self- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, UNIMAS 14 esteem.  How do you feel about yourself? 1= completely False 2= mostly false 3=partly false and partly true 4=mostly true 5=complete true 1. I am satisfied with my weight 2. I am satisfied with my appearance 3. I am satisfied with my height 4. I am satisfied with my moral behavior 5. I am satisfied with the extent to which I am religious 6. I am satisfied with my relationship with a Supreme Being Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, UNIMAS 15  How do you feel about yourself? 1= completely False 2= mostly false 3=partly false and partly true 4=mostly true 5=complete true 7. I am satisfied with my family relationships 8. I am satisfied with how well I understand my family 9. I am satisfied with how I treat my parents 10. I am satisfied with how sociable I am 11. I am satisfied with the extent to which I try to please others 12. I am satisfied with the way I treat other people Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, UNIMAS 16 Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, UNIMAS 17 Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, UNIMAS 18 Guidelines for improving self-concept Make a firm commitment to personal growth Gain and use knowledge to support personal growth You need to understand how your self- concept is formed You need information about yourself Self-disclosure Set goals that are realistic and fair Seek context that support personal change Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, UNIMAS 19 Avoid self-sabotage Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, UNIMAS 20 Self and Identity Self-awareness The extent to which you know yourself Open self Blind self Hidden self Unknown self Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, UNIMAS 21 Johari Window Developed by American psychologists Joseph Luft and Harry Ingham Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, UNIMAS 22 Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, UNIMAS 23 Ways to increase self-awareness 1. Ask yourself about yourself 2. Listen to others 3. Actively seek information about yourself 4. See your different selves 5. Increase your open self Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, UNIMAS 24 Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, UNIMAS 25  Self and identity Self-esteem Self-esteem is the self-evaluation of a person about him/her own self. A measure of how valuable you think you are i.e. it is the attitude one holds on one’s own self. Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, UNIMAS 26  How is your self-esteem? I think that I will be successful only when I achieve all my dreams I think I need to do a lot more to start looking good I feel overwhelmed when I am around smart and successful people I go along with the choices of my friends, as I am unsure if mine are rights I often apologize even though I know I am not wrong I feel dejected when I am not appreciated for something I have done well or I am criticized for an error If TRUE- you do not fully appreciate yourself Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, UNIMAS 27 If FALSE – you are likely to have a positive self-esteem How to increase self–esteem 1. Attack self-destruct beliefs 2. Seek out nourishing people 3. Beware the impostor phenomenon 1. Individuals with imposter syndrome describe feelings of fear that others will eventually unmask them as a fraud or a fake. 2. Despite external evidence of their competence, those experiencing this phenomenon do not believe they deserve their success or luck 4. Work on projects that will result in success 5. Remind yourself of your successes 6. Secure affirmation i. “I am”statement ii. “I can” statement Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, UNIMAS 28 Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, UNIMAS 29 PERCEPTION Perception is the process by which you become aware of objects, events, and especially people Perception is an active process of creating meaning by selecting, organizing, and interpreting people, objects, events, situations, activities Your perceptions result both from what exists in the outside world and from your own experiences, desires, needs and wants, loves Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, UNIMAS 30 and hatreds. Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, UNIMAS 31 Six Blind men and the Elephant Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, UNIMAS 32 Six Blind men  Six blind men were asked to determine what an elephant looked like by feeling different parts of the elephant's body.  The blind man who feels a leg says the elephant is like a pillar; the one who feels the tail says the elephant is like a rope; the one who feels the trunk says the elephant is like a snake; the one who feels the ear says the elephant is like a hand fan; the one who feels the belly says the elephant is like a wall; and the one who feels the tusk says the elephant is like a spear.  A king explains to them: All of you are right! The reason every one of you is telling it differently is because each one of you touched the different part of the elephant. So, actually the elephant has all the features you mentioned. Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, UNIMAS 33 Influences on Perception 1. Physiological influences The senses Age Health Fatigue Hunger Biological cycles Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, UNIMAS 34  Influences on perception 2. Psychological influences Mood Self-concept Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, UNIMAS 35  Influences on perception 3. Social influences Gender roles Socially instructed/approved ways that men and women should act; violations to these rules is seen as unusual and undesirable. Occupational roles Depends on level of experience and kind of work we do Can change instantly when new people are added to the group Social Location – who we communicate36with and Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, UNIMAS where or what occasion. Common Tendencies in Perception 1. We make snap judgment Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, UNIMAS 37 Common Tendencies In Perception (cont..) 2. We Cling to First Impression “halo effect” Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, UNIMAS 38 Common Tendencies In Perception (cont..) 3. We judge ourselves more charitable than we do others  When others suffer we often blame it on their personal qualities.  But when we suffer we blame outside forces  Self-serving bias – tendency to judge ourselves in the most generous terms possible. Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, UNIMAS 39 Common Tendencies In Perception (cont..) 4. We are influenced by our expectations Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, UNIMAS 40 Common Tendencies In Perception (cont..) 5. We are influenced by the obvious We notice some messages & ignore others. Examples? Pay attention to intense stimuli Repetitious stimuli Contrastive stimuli (happy person who acts grumpy, etc) Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, UNIMAS 41 Common Tendencies In Perception (Cont..) 6. We assume others are like us Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, UNIMAS 42  Summary Identity is important to everyone Everyone has multiple identities With the identities, people understand how to look at themselves Self- concept, self-esteem and self awareness influence and are influenced by the way you communicate Understand oneself will help a person perceives others better When one perceives, always check the common Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, UNIMAS 43 tendencies to avoid misconception Thank You See you again in our next meeting! Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, UNIMAS 44