Historical Foundation of Education PDF

CHAPTER 2 Historical Foundation of Education  ABSTRACTION EDUCATION/SCHOOL Education or school is an institution created by society. Society seeks to preserve itself and to do this it maintains it's functions and institutions, one of which is education, to assure it's survival, sta...

CHAPTER 2 Historical Foundation of Education  ABSTRACTION EDUCATION/SCHOOL Education or school is an institution created by society. Society seeks to preserve itself and to do this it maintains it's functions and institutions, one of which is education, to assure it's survival, stability and convenience.  ABSTRACTION EDUCATION/SCHOOL It is the school that "introduces and trains each child of society into membership within such a little community, saturating him with the spirit of service, and providing him with the instruments of effective self- direction..." -John Dewey SOCIALIZATION It is the "process of learning the roles, statuses and values necessary for participation in school institutions." - Brinkerhoff, D., 1989 ANTICIPATORY SOCIALIZATION It is a role learning that prepare us for future roles.  EDUCATION IN PRIMITIVE SOCIETY EDUCATION IN PRIMITIVE SOCIETY Brinkerhoof (1989) explains further: To survive, human beings needed food, shelter, warmth and clothing. To transform a hostile environment into one that is life-sustaining, humankind developed life skills that eventually became cultural patterns. These life skills included 1)tool or instrument making 2) adherence to the moral behavior code of group life 3) language  KEY PERIODS IN EDUCATIONAL HISTORY 1000 BC - A.D. 1600 Historical Group or Influences on Educational Goals Curriculum Agents Period Western Education PRIMITIVE Practical skills of To teach group Emphasis on the role SOCIETIES hunting, fishing, food survival skills; to Parents, tribal elders, of informal education gathering stories, 7000 B.C. - 5000 cultivate group and priests in transmission of myths, songs, poems, B.C. cohesiveness skills and values dances Athenian: reading, Athens: private Athens: The concept writing, arithmetic, teachers and schools; of the well-rounded, GREEK To cultivate civic drama, music, sophists; philosophers liberally educated responsibility and physical education, 1600 B.C. - 300 person identity with city literature, poetry Sparta: military B.C. state; teachers, drill Sparta: The concept of Spartan: drill, military sergeant the military state songs and tactics KEY PERIODS IN EDUCATIONAL HISTORY 1000 BC - A.D. 1600 Influences on Historical Group Educational Goals Curriculum Agents Western or Period Education To cultivate religious commitment to Arabic numerals and ARABIC Reading, writing, Islamic beliefs; to computation; re- mathematics, Mosques; court A.D. 700 - A.D. develop expertise in entry of classical religious literature; schools 1350 mathematics, materials on science scientific studies medicine, and on medicine science Establishing the To develop religious structure, content, Reading, writing, commitment, Parish, chantry, and and organization of MEDIEVAL arithmetic, liberal knowledge, and cathedral schools; the university as a arts; philosophy, A.D. 500 - A.D. ritual; to re-establish universities; major institution of theology; craft; 1400 social order; to apprenticeship; higher education; the military tactics and prepare persons for knighthood institutionalization chivalry appropriate roles and preservation of knowledge  KEY PERIODS IN EDUCATIONAL HISTORY 1000 BC - A.D. 1600 Influences on Historical Group Educational Goals Curriculum Agents Western or Period Education To cultivate a An emphasis on Classical humanist humanist who was literary knowledge, RENAISSANCE educators and expert in the Latin, Greek, excellence, and style schools such as A.D. 1350 - A.D. classics-Greek and classical literature, as expressed in lycee, gymnasium, 1500 Latin; to prepare poetry, art classical literature; a Latin grammar courtiers for service two-track system of school to dynastic leaders school A commitment to universal education To cultivate a sense Reading, writing, Vernacular to provide literacy to REFORMATION of commitment to a arithmetic, elementary schools the masses; the particular religious catechisms, religious A.D. 1500 - A.D. for the masses; origins of school denomination; to concept and ritual; 1600 classical schools for systems with cultivate general Latin and Greek; the upper classes supervision to literacy theology ensure doctrinal conformity The History of the Philippine Educational System Education during the Pre-colonial Period Education was informal and unstructured, decentralized. Children were provided more vocational training but lesser academics. Teachers: tribal tutors (babaylan or katalonan) Education during the Spanish Era Education was formal and organized. Pupils attended formal schooling in the parochial school. Instruction was Religion-oriented. Wealthy Filipinos or the "ilustrados" were accommodated in the schools. The History of the Philippine Educational System The Educational Decree of 1863 The law gave Filipinos a complete system of education from elementary to the collegiate level. Although religion was the core of curriculum, the curriculum included subjects' agriculture for boys and needlework for the girls. Education during the American Regime 1898-1946 The Americans promoted democratic ideals and the democratic way of life. Thomasites arrived in the Philippines on August 23, 1901. University of the Philippines was founded in 1908. The History of the Philippine Educational System The Commonwealth Period (1935- 1942) Free education in public schools was provided all over the country, in accordance with the 1935 constitution. Vocational education and some household activities were also given importance. Good manners and discipline were also taught to the students. The History of the Philippine Educational System The Commonwealth Period (1935-1942) Executive Order No. 134 (1936) was signed by Pres. Manuel L. Quezon designating Tagalog as our National Language. Executive Order No. 217 - Quezon Code of Ethics was taught in schools. Executive Order No. 263 (1940) - required the teaching of the Filipino. Education Act of 1940 (C.A. 586)  The History of the Philippine Educational System The Japanese Occupation Striving for the diffusion of the Japanese language in the Philippines and the termination of the use of English in schools. Developing in people the love of labor. Post-colonial Philippines Education aimed at the full of realization of the democratic ideals and way of life. R.A. 1265 (June 11, 1955) - A daily flag ceremony was made compulsory in all schools including the singing of the National Anthem. OTHER DEVELOPMENTS Integration of values in all learning areas Emphasis on mastery learning Education Act of 1982 - Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports Executive Order No. 117 - National College Entrance Examination (NCEE) Creation of the Board for Professional Teachers Replacement of PBET (Professional Board Examination for Teachers) by LET (Licensure Examination for Teachers) OTHER DEVELOPMENTS R.A. 7796 - Technical Education and Skills Development Act of 1994 R.A. 7722 - CHED is responsible for Higher Education Act of 1994 August 2001, Republic Act 9155, otherwise called the Governance of Basic Education Act, was passed transforming the name Department of Education, Culture and Sports (DECS) to the Department of Education (DepEd) R.A. 10157, Jan 20, 2012 - Kindergarten Act K to 12 Program (R.A. 10533), May 15, 2013 - The K to 12 Program covers Kindergarten and 12 years basic education.  The Varied Goals of Education in Different Historical Periods of Philippine History PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD Students were given vocational training but lesser academics for them to be good fathers and mother's. SPANISH PERIOD Schools focused on religious formation to help them live the Christian faith. THE AMERICAN REGIME Educated the Filipino to become good citizens of a democratic country while the Japanese regime taught them love of labor. THE POST-COLONIAL PERIOD The educational system was devoted to the following Goals: 1) foster love of country; 2) teach the duties of citizenship; 3) develop moral character self-discipline; and 4) scientific, technological and vocational efficiency.  DEPED VISION We dream of Filipinos who passionately love their country and whose values and competencies enable them to realize their full potential and contribute meaningfully to building the nation. As a learner-centered public institution, the Department of Education continuously improves itself to better serve its stakeholders.  DEPED MISSION To protect and promote the right of every Filipino to quality, equitable, culture-based, and complete basic education where: Students learn in a child-friendly, gender-sensitive, safe, and motivating environment. Teachers facilitate learning and constantly nurture every learner. Administrators and staff, as stewards of the institution, ensure an enabling and supportive environment for effective learning to happen. Family, community, and other stakeholders are actively engaged and share responsibility for developing life-long learners. DEPED CORE VALUES Mak a-Diyos Mak a-tao Mak ak alik asan Mak abansa  The Importance of Studying History of Education Dewey explains why a study of the history of education is valuable: 1) Educational issues and problems are often rooted in the past; 2) Realistic effort to reform education begin with present conditions which are a product of our past; 3) The study of education's past provides a perspective that explains and illuminates our present activities as teachers.  TAKEAWAYS Education and school are a function and a creation of society. Goals in education reflect what society considers as necessary for survival, stability and convenience. A study of the history of education in the world and in the Philippines helps us see what societies in the past considered important and enables us to appreciate the present which is a product of the past. Schools are agents of socialization. They prepare individuals for their varied roles in society.