Chapter 2 Nature and Extent of Crime PDF
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Frank Schmalleger
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This document is an overview of crime, including definitions, measurement techniques, trends, and patterns. It includes details about how crime is measured using different methods such as the uniform crime report (UCR) and the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) and various other methods of research.
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The Nature and Extent of Crime Uniform Crime Report (FBI) n Part I Offenses n Part II Offenses n Murder and Non- n Everything else!! negligent homicide n Forcible rape n Robbery n Aggravated assault n Burgl...
The Nature and Extent of Crime Uniform Crime Report (FBI) n Part I Offenses n Part II Offenses n Murder and Non- n Everything else!! negligent homicide n Forcible rape n Robbery n Aggravated assault n Burglary n Larceny/theft n Motor vehicle theft n Arson Criminology Today, 5th ed © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. Frank Schmalleger 2 All Rights Reserved. UCR: Limits (Police Agencies) n Many crimes excluded n Many people do not report n Only most serious offense recorded n Collection and reporting between police departments differs n Doesn’t count federal crimes Criminology Today, 5th ed © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. Frank Schmalleger 3 All Rights Reserved. National Incident-Based Reporting System NIBRS) n Designed to measure every crime n Incident, victim and offender info Criminology Today, 5th ed © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. Frank Schmalleger 4 All Rights Reserved. National Crime Victimization Survey and Self-Reports n 90,000 households n 160,000 interviews n Measures “unreported” crime n “Dark Underside” n Self-reports n Go to the source: the criminal Criminology Today, 5th ed © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. Frank Schmalleger 5 All Rights Reserved. NCVS V. UCR (2011 data) Criminology Today, 5th ed © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. Frank Schmalleger 6 All Rights Reserved. Research and Data Collection n Survey research n Questionnaires (students: 65%) n large sample, low price n Problems n non-response n Misunderstanding of the question n Bias n Must be interpreted n Interviews n Face-to-face or telephone n Eliminates non-returns, can ask follow-ups, clarify questions Criminology Today, 5th ed © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. Frank Schmalleger 7 All Rights Reserved. Experiments n Controlled experiment n Experimental and control groups n Observation n Participant v. non-participant n Case studies n Minimal sample n Lots of detail n Aggregate data n Census, DOJ, U.N. Criminology Today, 5th ed © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. Frank Schmalleger 8 All Rights Reserved. TRENDS!! Criminology Today, 5th ed © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. Frank Schmalleger 9 All Rights Reserved. Criminology Today, 5th ed © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. Frank Schmalleger 10 All Rights Reserved. Crime Trends n Ecological and time n Crime and age factors n Age goes up, crime n Urban areas goes down n August v. February n Crime peaks at 16; n Theft occurs during violent crime at 18 from 0600-1800 n “Aging out” (I’m n More in south than gettin’ too old for northeast this!) Criminology Today, 5th ed © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. Frank Schmalleger 11 All Rights Reserved. Crime Patterns n Sex n Race and class n Men commit more n Crime is “intra- n 5:1 in terms of racial” crime n Racial profiling n 8:1 in terms of n Do criminals tend violent crimes to be poor or n Women are a fast “targeted”? growing criminal demographic Criminology Today, 5th ed © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. Frank Schmalleger 12 All Rights Reserved. Criminology Today, 5th ed © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. Frank Schmalleger 13 All Rights Reserved. Criminology Today, 5th ed © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. Frank Schmalleger 14 All Rights Reserved. Criminology Today, 5th ed © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. Frank Schmalleger 15 All Rights Reserved. Criminology Today, 5th ed © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. Frank Schmalleger 16 All Rights Reserved. Chronic Offenders n The filthy 5% (6% actually) n Only 1% of females n Causes n Early onset (once you start down that road…) n Does “three-strikes” help? Depends on one’s perspective. Criminology Today, 5th ed © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. Frank Schmalleger 17 All Rights Reserved. Summary n There are several ways to measure crime. n Each has plusses and minuses. n The general crime trend is DOWNWARD! n Numerous factors influence crime rates. n Men commit more than women. n Most “age out” of crime. n A small # of criminals are “chronic offenders” Criminology Today, 5th ed © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. Frank Schmalleger 18 All Rights Reserved.
