Endocrine Control of Reproductive Function PDF

ENDOCRINE CONTROL OF REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION ENDOCRINE SYSTEM  ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Network of glands in our body that make the hormones that help cells talk to each other.  GLAND Organ that makes and puts out hormones that do a specific job in your body. H...

ENDOCRINE CONTROL OF REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION ENDOCRINE SYSTEM  ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Network of glands in our body that make the hormones that help cells talk to each other.  GLAND Organ that makes and puts out hormones that do a specific job in your body. HORMONES Regulation of physiological processes because of the target cell responses they regulate PARTS OF THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM It tells our pituitary gland to start or stop making hormones. HYPOTHALAMUS  This is your endocrine system’s master gland It uses information it ITUITARY GLAND gets from your brain to tell other glands in your body what to do.  PINEAL GLAND It makes a chemical called melatonin that helps your body get ready to go to sleep.  THYROID GLAND This gland makes thyroid hormone PARATHYROID GLAND Control our levels of calcium and phosphorus  THYMUS This gland makes white blood cells PANCREAS It makes the hormones insulin ADRENAL and glucagon. Best known for making the "fight or flight" hormone adrenaline  TESTES This organ makes testosterone OVARIES This organ make estrogen and progesterone ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Metabolism FUNCTION Control of food intake and digestion Tissue development Ion regulation Water balance Heart rate and blood pressure regulation Control of blood glucose and other nutrients Control of reproductive functions Uterine contractions and milk release Immune system regulation REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM  REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM A system of organs and processes that take part in the reproduction or formation of new similar young living organisms. A collection of organs that produces both gametes and sex hormones in males and females. MALE ORGAN EXTERNAL STRUCTURE PENIS SCROTUM TESTICLES  PENIS Used in sexual intercourse THREE PARTS: Root Body or Shaft Glans Loose pouch-like sac of skin that hangs behind and below the penis. Acts as a "climate SCROTUM control system" for the These are oval organs about the size of large olives that lie in the scrotum, secured at either end by a structure TESTICLES INTERNAL STRUCTURE EPIDIDYMIS VAS DEFERENS URETHRA SEMINAL VESICLES PROSTATE GLAND It transports and stores sperm cells that are produced in the testes. EPIDIDYMIS VAS DEFERNS It transports mature sperm to the urethra  ·Ejaculating semen when URETHRA the man reaches orgasm. SEMINAL VESICLES Produce a sugar- rich fluid (fructose) that provides sperm with a source of energy to help them move. PROSTATE GLAND contributes additional fluid to the ejaculate MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM FUNCTION Follicle-stimulating hormone Luteinizing hormone Testosterone FEMALE ORGAN  OVARIES primary reproductive organs present in the female reproductive system  FALLOPIAN TUBES The two tubes where the fertilization process takes place. A hollow muscular organ of the female reproductive system UTERUS Known as the womb and baby maker.  VAGINA It receives the penis CERVIX during sexual It forms a canal that intercourse opens to the vagina FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM FUNCTION Female gametes Site for fertilization. Secrets sex hormones Site for the development of the fetus  REPRODUCTIVE HORMONES Test measures the level of prolactin in the blood. It causes the breasts PROLACTIN to grow and make milk during pregnancy and after birth. Helps thicken a person’s uterine HUMAN CHORIONIC lining to support a growing embryo GONADOTROPIN and tells the body to stop menstruation  REPRODUCTIVE HORMONES Spurs ovulation and helps with the LUTEINIZING hormone production needed to HORMONE support pregnancy. One of the hormones essential to FOLLICLE-STIMULATING pubertal development and the HORMONE function of women’s ovaries and men’s testes.  REPRODUCTIVE HORMONES ANTI-MULLERIANHormone helps to form the male HORMONE and female reproductive organs Controls the development and ANDROGENS maintenance of male characteristics in vertebrates by binding to androgen receptors  REPRODUCTIVE HORMONES Play an important role in growth ESTROGEN and reproductive development HORMONES in a woman - estradiol, estriol, and estrone. Strongest of the three estrogens and an important player in the ESTRADIOL female reproductive system and the most common type for women of childbearing age  REPRODUCTIVE HORMONES It is a weaker estrogen, commonly found in higher quantities in ESTRONE postmenopausal women. Responsible for female sexual development and function Prepares the endometrium for PROGESTERONE the potential of pregnancy after ovulation. It triggers the lining to thicken to accept a fertilized egg.  REPRODUCTIVE HORMONES A hormone secreted in the ovary RELAXIN by the corpus luteum The main sex hormone found in Testosterone men. It controls male physical features. ROLE OF HORMONES IN MALE AND FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM HYPOTHALAMUS GONADOTROPIN- RELEASING HORMONE ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND  ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND Luteinizing Hormones (LH) Follicle Stimulating Hormones (FSH) TESTES OVARIES  TESTES INTERSTITIAL CELLS SEROTONIN CELLS TESTOSTERONE Stimulates spermatogenesis Secondary Sex Characteristics: Growth of facial, axillary, and pubic hair Deeping of the voice Beginning of sexual urge  ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND Luteinizing Hormones (LH) Follicle Stimulating Hormones (FSH) TESTES OVARIES  OVARIES ESTROGEN PROGESTERONE Assist in endometrial re-growth, Assist in endometrial ovulation, and calcium absorption re-growth Responsible for secondary sexual Inhibition of the release characteristics of females: of FSH and LH Breast development Widening of the hips Shorter period necessary for bone maturation HOMEOSTASIS A state of balance among all the body systems needed for the body to survive and function correctly FEEDBACK A biological occurrence wherein LOOPS the output of a system amplifies the system (positive feedback) or inhibits the system (negative feedback). NEGATIVE FEEDBACK LOOPS Loop brings a system closer to a target of stability or homeostasis. 3 MAIN COMPONENTS Receptor Control Center Effector Cells HOW NEGATIVE FEEDBACK LOOPS WORKS A regulated variable called a stimulus is STIMULUS outside of its normal range heading RECEPTO That information (stimulus) is picked up by a receptor/sensor R/SENSOR  Receptor sends this information (stimulus) to the control center CONTROL CENTER EFFECTOR If control center determines if variable is out of its normal range, control center sends signals to cell/organs (effector).  Effectors cause physiological response that will return the variable back to its normal homeostatic range. Variable returns to normal, stimulus is no longer present. Control center allows effector to return back to normal activity, until another change in variable is detected. POSITIVE FEEDBACK LOOPS Occurs in nature when the product of a reaction leads to an increase in that reaction. HOW POSITIVE FEEDBACK LOOPS WORKS STIMULUS RECEPTO R/SENSOR CONTROL CENTER EFFECTOR RESPONSE END POINT CONDITIONS AND DISORDERS AFFECT ENDOCRINE DISORDERS TWO CATEGORIES: Hormone Imbalance Due to the development of lesions in the endocrine system INCREASED OR DECREASED LEVELS OF ENDOCRINE HORMONE MAY BE CAUSED: A problem with the endocrine feedback system Disease Failure of a gland to stimulate another gland to release hormones INCREASED OR DECREASED LEVELS OF ENDOCRINE HORMONE MAY BE CAUSED: A genetic disorder Infection Injury to an endocrine gland Tumor of an endocrine gland ENDOCRINE DISORDER  ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY CUSHING'S DISEASE  GIGANTISM (ACROMEGALY) AND OTHER GROWTH HORMONE PROBLEMS HYPOPITUITARISM HYPERTHYROIDISM  MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA I AND II POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME (PCOS) PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY REPRODUCTIVE DISORDER  IRREGULAR MENSTRUATION INFERTILITY (PERIODS) DIABETES THYROID DISEASE OBESITY KEEP YOUR ENDOCRINE SYSTEM HEALTHY AVOID: PROCESSED FOODS SUGAR PESTICIDES UNHEALTHY FATS STRESS ADD MORE: EXERCISE FRUITS AND VEGETABLES GOOD FATS QUALITY PROTEIN IODINE https://www.webmd.com/diabetes/endocrine-system- facts#1 https://usq.pressbooks.pub/anatomy/chapter/14-1-an- overview-of-the-endocrine-system/ https://www.webmd.com/diabetes/endocrine-system- disorders https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zFuMxmAvz4s&t=2s https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7J_qfGU2E8g  END OF PRESENTATION