chapter-2-3-international-marketing.pdf

Chapter 3 History and Geography: The Foundations of Culture McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Geography and Global Markets Study of geography is important in...

Chapter 3 History and Geography: The Foundations of Culture McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Geography and Global Markets Study of geography is important in the evaluation of markets Need to be knowledgeable about the effects of geographic diversity on the economic profiles of various nations Climate and topography are examined as facets of the broader and more important elements of geography Channel Tunnel: Between UK and France –7 years and half –50 kilometers(38.6 kilometers under water) –A miracle of world engineering Oresund Link (between Denmark and Sweden) Colonia Bridge (between Argentina and Uruguay) Climate and Topography Knowledge about geography, the climate and physical terrain when appraising a market Influences marketing from product adaptation to more profound influences on the development of marketing systems Climatic features affect uses and functions of products and equipment Social Responsibility & Environmental Management Firms required to be socially responsible especially in foreign markets Firms should comply regulations against environmental pollution and disposal of hazardous waste Economic development and protection for the environment can coexist Sustainable development guides many governments and multinational companies today Sustainable Development: Key Propositions There is a crucial and potentially positive link between economic development and the environment The costs of inappropriate economic policies on the environment are very high Addressing environmental problems requires that poverty be reduced Economic growth must be guided by prices that incorporate environmental values Since environment problems pay no respect to borders, global and regional collaboration is sometimes needed to complement national and regional regions Consumer Related Issues UNICEF sponsored this advertising campaign against child labor. The field of consumer behavior plays a role in addressing important consumer issues such as child exploitation. Natural Resources Importance of natural resources especially to manufacturing of products Supply of natural resources not endless Human labor provides the preponderance of energy in many countries Importance of oil and gas in world energy consumption Global Population Trends Important to know about current population trends because people constitute markets for various categories of goods Necessary to know about: (1) rural/urban population shifts (2) rates of growth (3) age levels, and (4) population control (5) rural-urban migration of world population (6) population decline and aging (7) worker shortage and immigration  Top 5 Exporting Countries 1. China remains the world's largest exporter, with its main exports including electronics, machinery, textiles, and furniture. Its dominance is driven by large-scale manufacturing, competitive pricing, and a robust supply chain infrastructure. 2. United States - The U.S. exports a wide range of goods, including machinery, vehicles, electrical machinery, aircraft, and agricultural products. It is a leader in high- 4. Japan's major exports are automobiles, value and high-tech goods, including software machinery, electronics, and chemicals. Its and industrial equipment. export economy is driven by advanced 3. Germany - Germany is known for its high- technology and a focus on high-quality quality engineering products, including manufacturing. automobiles, machinery, chemicals, and 5. Netherlands serves as a key gateway for goods electronics. Its export strength is largely due entering and leaving Europe, exporting machinery, to its strong industrial base and innovation. chemical products, and agricultural goods, such as flowers and dairy. Donald Trump has ruled out another presidential debate against his rival Kamala Harris before November's election. He said on Thursday - two days after the pair's first showdown in Philadelphia - that Harris only wanted a rematch because he "clearly" won. Several instant polls taken after Tuesday's contest indicated voters felt Harris had performed better than her Republican opponent.