Chapter 2 - Basic Chemistry PDF

Chapter 2- Basic Chemistry Lesson 1-4 © McGraw Hill LLC © McGraw Hill LLC 2  Lesson 1: Chemical Elements © McGraw Hill LLC Learning Outcomes 1. Describe how protons, neutrons, and electrons relate to...

Chapter 2- Basic Chemistry Lesson 1-4 © McGraw Hill LLC © McGraw Hill LLC 2  Lesson 1: Chemical Elements © McGraw Hill LLC Learning Outcomes 1. Describe how protons, neutrons, and electrons relate to atomic structure. 2. Use the periodic table to evaluate the relationship between atomic number and mass number. 3. Describe how variations in an atomic nucleus account for its physical properties 4. Determine how electrons are configured around a nucleus. © McGraw Hill LLC © McGraw Hill LLC 5 © McGraw Hill LLC 6  Figure 2.1 © McGraw Hill LLC 7 © McGraw Hill LLC 8  Subatomic Subatomic Particles Particles Atomic Mass Unit Particle Electric Charge (AMU) Location Proton 1 Nucleus Neutron 0 1 Nucleus Electron 0 Electron shell © McGraw Hill LLC 9 © McGraw Hill LLC 10 © McGraw Hill LLC 11 © McGraw Hill LLC 12 © McGraw Hill LLC 13 © McGraw Hill LLC 14 © McGraw Hill LLC 15 © McGraw Hill LLC 16 © McGraw Hill LLC 17 © McGraw Hill LLC 18 © McGraw Hill LLC 19  Lesson 2: Molecules and Compounds © McGraw Hill LLC Learning Outcomes 1. Describe how elements are combined into molecules and compounds 2. List the different types of bonds that occur between elements. 3. Explain the difference between a polar and a nonpolar covalent bond. © McGraw Hill LLC © McGraw Hill LLC 22 © McGraw Hill LLC 23 © McGraw Hill LLC 24 © McGraw Hill LLC 25 © McGraw Hill LLC 26 © McGraw Hill LLC 27 © McGraw Hill LLC 28 © McGraw Hill LLC 29 © McGraw Hill LLC 30 © McGraw Hill LLC 31  Lesson 3: Chemistry of Water © McGraw Hill LLC Learning Outcomes 1. Describe how water associates with other molecules in the solution 2. Describe why the properties of water are important to life. 3. Analyze how water’s solid, liquid, and vapor states allow life to exist on Earth. © McGraw Hill LLC  2.3 Chemistry of Water Water is a polar molecule. The shape of a water molecule and its polarity make hydrogen bonding possible. © McGraw Hill LLC 34 © McGraw Hill LLC 35 © McGraw Hill LLC 36 © McGraw Hill LLC 37 © McGraw Hill LLC 38 © McGraw Hill LLC 39 © McGraw Hill LLC 40 © McGraw Hill LLC 41 © McGraw Hill LLC 42 © McGraw Hill LLC 43 © McGraw Hill LLC 44  Lesson 4: Acids and Bases © McGraw Hill LLC Learning Outcomes 1. Describe how protons, neutrons, and electrons relate to atomic structure. 2. Use the periodic table to evaluate the relationship between atomic number and mass number. 3. Describe how variations in an atomic nucleus account for its physical properties 4. Determine how electrons are configured around a nucleus. © McGraw Hill LLC  Listening activity Acid is ? Base is ? © McGraw Hill LLC © McGraw Hill LLC 48  ACIDS BASES Substances that release Substances that release hydroxide hydrogen ions when they are ions (OH–) when they are dissolved in water are called dissolved in water are called Acids Bases The more hydrogen ions a The more hydroxide ions a substance releases, the more substance releases, the more acidic the solution becomes. basic the solution becomes. HCl, Many food and beverages, NaOH, baking soda, soap water gastric juice (stomach) © McGraw Hill LLC © McGraw Hill LLC 50 © McGraw Hill LLC © McGraw Hill LLC 52  https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/ph-scale-basics/latest/ph-scale- basics_en.html https://edushare.moe.gov.ae/Uploads/Resources/a1dd9 fc6-9d7e-4c0c-bd4a-820b57408e21/561095/index.html https://edushare.moe.gov.ae/Uploads/Resources/99e e5b85-f4db-4463-80ef-7f1dff20270d/591590/index.html © McGraw Hill LLC 53 © McGraw Hill LLC 54  End of main content Because learning changes everything. ® www.mheducation.c om Copyright 2022 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC.