Biology Chapter 1 PDF

- Introduction - Science Of Biology Thepinsta.cm Dr. Alaa Al Helaili Ⓡ 1 Objectives: • Understand the process involved in scientific discovery • Describe how hypothesis is formulated and how it becomes theory • Understand what biology is • Identify the properties of life • Classify living organ...

- Introduction - Science Of Biology Thepinsta.cm Dr. Alaa Al Helaili Ⓡ 1 Objectives: • Understand the process involved in scientific discovery • Describe how hypothesis is formulated and how it becomes theory • Understand what biology is • Identify the properties of life • Classify living organisms • Define organization of life • Identify branches of Biology Dr. Alaa Al Helaili Ⓡ 2 Science 3 Dr. Alaa Al Helaili Snops.com The Nature of Science Science is a way knowing or understanding the natural world Science is the knowledge gained by systematic and logical study. Dr. Alaa Al Helaili Ⓡ 4 Scientific method illustration. normaals How is Science Done? (The Scientific Method) • Scientists use a systematic approach to gain understanding of the natural world by conducting the following steps: Medium.com Observation 1) Observation: the use of one or more of the senses to gather information (ex. I notice that majority of smokers have heart problems) 2) Collect data: information that you gather in your observations 5 Steemit.com How is Science Done? 3) Make hypothesis: a possible scientific explanation for a set of observations (ex. I suggest (hypothesis) that smoking causes heart problems) 4) Conduct Controlled Experiment: A repeated procedure that tests the hypothesis (ex. I take a group of healthy individuals who are smokers and another of healthy individuals that are non-smokers but all belong to the same gender and age and examine their heart condition) Healthyvoyager.com 6 Dr. Alaa Al Helaili Ⓡ How is Science Done? Smartdatacollective.com 5) Data analysis Onhandsschool.com 6) Conclusion (ex. I conclude that smoking can lead to heart problems) 7) Share data 7 Dr. Alaa Al Helaili How is Science Done? • Results are prone to change (not final for sure) studyinsweden.se Dr. Alaa Al Helaili Ⓡ 8 Example: Does this mean that the what the baby finds on the floor will always be not food? Nerdybaby.com 9 Dr. Alaa Al Helaili Example: Dr. Alaa Al Helaili Ⓡ 10 Example: Does this mean that the problem will always be “burned bulb”? 11 Dr. Alaa Al Helaili Ⓡ What is Controlled experiment? Variables and Controls • It is an experiment where everything is held constant (in control) except for one variable (independent variable) Independent variable (manipulated variable): is a factor that does not depend on any other factors, it’s the cause (ex. Smokers vs. non smokers) Dependent variable (responding variable): is the factor that is being measured in the experiment and it is affected by the independent variable (it is the effect) (ex. heart condition) Control variable: a variable that is held constant and unchanged in order to test the relationship between the other two variables Dr. Alaa Al Helaili Ⓡ 12 What is Controlled experiment? Variables and Controls Khanacademy.org Dr. Alaa Al Helaili Ⓡ 13 In our smoking experiment which group Represents the control and which one represent the experimental? - In group 2 individuals are: Healthy Non-smokers - In group 1 individuals are: Healthy Smokers Same age Same gender Same age Same gender Control group Experimental group Dr. Alaa Al Helaili Ⓡ All conditions are kept the same 14 • How do we know that the plant grew because of the water we gave to it? • How do we know that the group of smokers got heart problems because of smoking and not because of anything else? Dr. Alaa Al Helaili Ⓡ 15 Why Do We Need A Control Group? • A control group is not to test the hypothesis but ensures that the result was not by chance or a coincidence Dr. Alaa Al Helaili Ⓡ 16 What Is The Science Of Biology? Bio: Life Logy: The study of Biology = The scientific study of life (living things) Dr. Alaa Al Helaili Ⓡ Fuseschool.org 17 Properties of Life Cells • Things are considered alive if they: ✔ Are consisted of cells (cellular organization) Nature.com Growth ✔ Can grow and develop (growth) 123rf.com ✔ Can respond to stimuli (sensitivity) Dr. Alaa Al Helaili Ⓡ sensitivity wikipedia Pintrest.com 18 Properties of Life Homeostasis ✔ Can maintain internal balance (homeostasis) Clip2art.com Clipart-library.com ✔ Can reproduce (reproduction) Alexisleon.com Image.slideshareedn.com ✔ Can evolve and adapt to the environment (adaptation) Evolution.Berkeley.edu Moransanimalsadaptations.yolasite.com Dr. Alaa Al Helaili Ⓡ Historyrocket.com Adaptation 19 Properties of Life ✔ Can Obtain and use energy (energy processing) Energy processing Healthhub.sg En.Wikipedia.org ✔ Are complex and highly ordered (Ordered complexity ) RNA Molecule Ordered but not that complex Dr. Alaa Al Helaili Ⓡ Ordered complexity 20 Identify whether the following are living organisms or not: Hakaimagazine.com fish Fast-growing-trees.com Thoughtco.com tree rock Unsplash.com flower Imperial collage of science, technology and medicine Wired.com car Dr. Alaa Al Helaili Ⓡ bacteria 21 Question: • A bird laid an egg, what property of life does this example represent? A) B) C) D) Adaptation Reproduction Homeostasis Energy processing Flicker.com Dr. Alaa Al Helaili Ⓡ 22 Question: • A boy touched a hot pan and pulled his hand back, what property of life does this example represent? A) B) C) D) Sensitivity Order of complexity Cellular organization Growth Pinterest.com Dr. Alaa Al Helaili Ⓡ 23 Living System Organization • Living system (biological world) shows hierarchical organization where each level builds on the level below it • Vibrationaldoorways.com 24 Dr. Alaa Al Helaili Ⓡ Living System Organization (Levels Of Organization In Biology) 1) Cellular level 2) Organismal level Pintrest.com Istockphoto.com Owlcation.com 3) Populational level Dr. Alaa Al Helaili Ⓡ 25 Living System Organization 1) Cellular Level Atoms Molecules Macromolecules Organelle Cell (the smallest unit of life) Dr. Alaa Al Helaili Ⓡ 26 Living System Organization 1) Cellular Level • Atom: the smallest unit of an element (ex. Gold, silver, carbon) Wikipedia.com Livescience.com • Molecule: more than one atom • Macromolecule: many molecules together (ex. Protein, lipids, carbohydrates) Sciencetrends.com • Organelle: more than one macromolecule (ex. Endoplasmic reticulum, Mitochondria, Golgi apparatus) • Cell: more than one organelle, it is the smallest unit of life Dr. Alaa Al Helaili Ⓡ 27 Living System Organization 2) Organismal Level Tissue Organ Organ system Organism Dr. Alaa Al Helaili Ⓡ 28 Living System Organization 2) Organismal Level ADAM •Tissue: group of cells working together (ex. nervous tissue) Innerbody.com • Organ: group of tissue (ex. brain) Livescience.com • Organ system: group of organs (ex. nervous system) •Organism: any living thing made of q or more cells (ex. a duck, a human) Dr. Alaa Al Helaili Ⓡ Cgtrader.com 29 Zygote.com Living System Organization 3) Populational Level Population Species Community Ecosystem Biosphere Dr. Alaa Al Helaili Ⓡ 30 Living System Organization 3) Populational Level • Population: a group of organisms (ex. Ducks, people) • species: different types of organisms Exotic meat market.com Cgtrader.com • Community: different species gathered together •Ecosystem: the environment (the place that the community lives in) Shutterstock.com • Biosphere: earth Johnenglander.net Dr. Alaa Al Helaili Ⓡ 31 Classify The Living System Organization 32 Dr. Alaa Al Helaili Ⓡ Edited from: bsahely.com Name the following levels of Living Organization In Biology Cellular level Organismal level Dr. Alaa Al Helaili Ⓡ 33 Edited from: Bmgbiology.com Living System Organization Atom Molecule Non-living components •Living system (biological world) shows hierarchical organization where each level builds on the level below it Higher levels of living components Macromolecule Organelle Cell Tissue Organ Lower level of living components Organ System Organism Population Species Community Ecosystem Dr. Alaa Al Helaili Ⓡ Biosphere 34 Branches of Biology ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Taxonomy Zoology Botany Microbiology Cytology Histology Morphology Physiology Anatomy Ecology Pathology javatpoint.com 35