Chapter 18 - Endocrine System- lecture 2 PDF

Part 1: The Hypothalamus and Its Hormones Part 2: The Pituitary Gland and the Hormones of the Anterior Pituitary Part 3: Hypophyseal Portal System, Histology of the Pituitary Gland, & the Role of Growth Hormone Part 1:  Explain the 3 ways in which hormone release is controlled or regulated.  Fully...

Part 1: The Hypothalamus and Its Hormones Part 2: The Pituitary Gland and the Hormones of the Anterior Pituitary Part 3: Hypophyseal Portal System, Histology of the Pituitary Gland, & the Role of Growth Hormone Part 1:  Explain the 3 ways in which hormone release is controlled or regulated.  Fully describe the hypothalamus’s regulatory role, and explain the 3 main regions of control it has.  Identify and describe the hormones released by the hypothalamus, and know organs these hormones target, and the function of each hormone. Part 2:  Identify and describe the anatomy of the pituitary gland, and describe the functions of the 9 hormones released by the PG.  Describe where hormone receptors are located, and which hormones reach which receptors. Part 3:  Explain the role of the hypophyseal portal system, and differentiate between the superior and inferior portion.  Describe the histology of the pituitary gland and know which histological regions release which hormones.  Explain the high degree of regulation shared by the hypothalamus and pituitary glands.  Identify and describe disorders associated with GH. Set of blood vessels connecting hypothalamus to the pituitary gland. (fig 18.7)  Unique fenestrated capillaries (large pored capillaries) allow hormones released by HT neurons to enter blood.  Regulatory hormones travel via the superior HPS here to stimulate ant. pituitary.  Inferior HPS = carries hormones of posterior pituitary into circulation   Important for quick regulation of hormones via the master glands  4 unique histological layers ◦ 3 for anterior (pars distalis, intermedia, & tuberalis) ◦ 1 for posterior (pars nervosa)    Fig 18.8 illustrates hypothalamic regulation & includes release hormones I expect you to know. HT has lot of regulating hormones impacting pituitary. Represents negative feedback  Fig 18.9 illustrates pituitary regulation throughout the body. Pituitary = Vice President     Too much Growth Hormone (GH) during childhood leads to – Gigantism (left) Dwarfism (middle) Too little GH leads to? High levels during adulthood? Acromegaly (right) GH ➔ production of somatomedins or insulin-like growth factors that contribute to growth as well.