Chapter 17: Restrictive Pulmonary Disorders PDF
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This chapter discusses restrictive pulmonary disorders, detailing causes, symptoms, and treatments for conditions like aspiration, atelectasis, and pneumonia. It explores concepts like obstructive and nonobstructive atelectasis.
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CHAPTER 17: RESTRICTIVE PULMONARY DISORDERS spiration is entry of secretion of foreign material into the trachea and lung A Signs and symptoms depend on the degree of the airway obstruction but include coughing, audible wheezing, and choking Silent aspiration in older adults usually happe...
CHAPTER 17: RESTRICTIVE PULMONARY DISORDERS spiration is entry of secretion of foreign material into the trachea and lung A Signs and symptoms depend on the degree of the airway obstruction but include coughing, audible wheezing, and choking Silent aspiration in older adults usually happens because there esophageal muscles don't work properly ○ Mechanisms associated include central or local weakness/ incoordination of the pharyngeal musculature, reduce laryngopharyngeal sensation, impaired ability to produce a reflexive cough, nad low substance P or dopamine levels ○ Symptoms can be silent o overt, usually no symptoms after eating, drinking, vomiting, ot episode of heartburn S econdary pneumonia - aspiration is inhalation of gastric juices or hydrocarbons that trigger inflammatory chance and inactivates surfactant over a large area causing alveolar collapse Acidic gastric juices may damage the airway and alveoli as well as particles contained aspirated gastric juices may obstruct the airways and reduce airflow and lead to another secondary bacterial pneumonia telectasis is a complete or partial collapse of the entire lung or lob of the lung occurring when alveoli within the lungs become A deflated or possibly filled with alveolar fluid and is the most common breathing complication after surgery There can be no obvious symptoms but some include trouble breathing, cough, and low grade fever Complications include acute pneumonia, bronchiectasis, hypoxemia and respiratory failure, sepsis, pleural effusion and empyema Treatment Surgical Non surgical Lobectomy C hest physiotherapy Bronchoscopy Breathing exercises Drainage Obstructive atelectasis Non Obstructive atelectasis appens when a blockage develops in one of the H airways Inhalation of a foreign object in an airway Mucus plug (buildup) in an airway Tumor growing within an airway Tumors in the lung tissue that presses on the airway efers to any type of atelectasis that isn’t caused by R some kind of blockage in the airways Surgery Pleural effusion Pneumothorax Lung scaring Surfactant deficiency Purpose of incentive perimeter is Increase transpulmonary pressure and inspiratory volumes Improve inspiratory muscle performance Reestablish or stimulate the normal pattern of pulmonary hyperinflation ulmonary sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease that affects multiple organs in the body, but mostly the lungs and lymph nodes P and can lead to scar tissue in your lungs while also making them function more poorly Characterized by abnormal masses or nodules called granulomas consisting of inflamed tissues forming in the lungs neumothorax is when air enter space between the visceral pleura and the parietal pleura and that excess air places extra P pressure on the lung inside the cavity and making the lung unable to expand for appropriate gas exchange Oxygen decreases and co2 increases Treatment is to reestablish negative pressure in the pleural cavity and allow for drainage or air or fluids leural effusion is the collection of excess fluid in the pleural space to which common causes are pneumonia, TB, pulmonary P effusion, malignant disease, cardiac failure, subdiaphragmatic disorders Treatment is thoracentesis to remove fluid (reduces symptoms) and also find the cause Chest wall abnormalities Flail chest which is a life threatening medical condition that occurs when a segment of the rib cage breaks due to trauma and becomes detached from the rest of the chest wall, causes chest pain and SOB Deformities include pectus excavatum - sinken or funnel chest and pectus carinatum - pigeon chest Kyohoscoliosis Paradoxical breathing cute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) results from a massive inflammatory response with acuter, diffuse, severe alveolar A capillary wall damage that result in progressive noncardiogenic pulmonary edema and respiratory failure Considered restrictive due to the increase alveolar pressure that develops which causes the alveoli to collapse during expiration E mpyema is the collection of pus in the pleural space occurring as a complication of pneumonia, but can occur after a thoracentesis, lung surgery, with a lung abscess, or following chest trauma Intercostal retraction are mvmts that occur due to reduces air pressure inside chest, trachea or bronchioles become partially blocked and the intercostal muscles are sucked inward, between ribs during breathing Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a disease the results in scarring, fibrosis, of the lungs for an unknown reason which worsen overtime and become hard to take in a deep breath and the lungs cannot take in enough oxygen Symptoms include gradual onset of SOF and a dry cough Treatment includes medications, oxygen therapy, nonmedical treatments such as exercise, lung transplant
