Chapter 17: Restrictive Pulmonary Disorders PDF

‭CHAPTER 17: RESTRICTIVE PULMONARY DISORDERS‬ ‭ spiration is entry of secretion of foreign material into the trachea and lung‬ A ‭Signs and symptoms depend on the degree of the airway obstruction but include coughing, audible wheezing, and choking‬ ‭‬ ‭Silent aspiration in older adults usually happe...

‭CHAPTER 17: RESTRICTIVE PULMONARY DISORDERS‬ ‭ spiration is entry of secretion of foreign material into the trachea and lung‬ A ‭Signs and symptoms depend on the degree of the airway obstruction but include coughing, audible wheezing, and choking‬ ‭‬ ‭Silent aspiration in older adults usually happens because there esophageal muscles don't work properly‬ ‭○‬ ‭Mechanisms associated include central or local weakness/ incoordination of the pharyngeal musculature, reduce‬ ‭laryngopharyngeal sensation, impaired ability to produce a reflexive cough, nad low substance P or dopamine‬ ‭levels‬ ‭○‬ ‭Symptoms can be silent o overt, usually no symptoms after eating, drinking, vomiting, ot episode of heartburn‬ S‭ econdary pneumonia - aspiration is inhalation of gastric juices or hydrocarbons that trigger inflammatory chance and inactivates‬ ‭surfactant over a large area causing alveolar collapse‬ ‭‬ ‭Acidic gastric juices may damage the airway and alveoli as well as particles contained aspirated gastric juices may obstruct‬ ‭the airways and reduce airflow and lead to another secondary bacterial pneumonia‬ ‭ telectasis is a complete or partial collapse of the entire lung or lob of the lung occurring when alveoli within the lungs become‬ A ‭deflated or possibly filled with alveolar fluid and is the most common breathing complication after surgery‬ ‭‬ ‭There can be no obvious symptoms but some include trouble breathing, cough, and low grade fever‬ ‭‬ ‭Complications include acute pneumonia, bronchiectasis, hypoxemia and respiratory failure, sepsis, pleural effusion and‬ ‭empyema‬ ‭‬ ‭Treatment‬ ‭Surgical‬ ‭Non surgical‬ ‭Lobectomy‬ C ‭ hest physiotherapy‬ ‭Bronchoscopy‬ ‭Breathing exercises‬ ‭Drainage‬ ‭Obstructive atelectasis‬ ‭Non Obstructive atelectasis‬ ‭ appens when a blockage develops in one of the‬ H ‭airways‬ ‭‬ ‭Inhalation of a foreign object in an airway‬ ‭‬ ‭Mucus plug (buildup) in an airway‬ ‭‬ ‭Tumor growing within an airway‬ ‭‬ ‭Tumors in the lung tissue that presses on‬ ‭the airway‬ ‭ efers to any type of atelectasis that isn’t caused by‬ R ‭some kind of blockage in the airways‬ ‭‬ ‭Surgery‬ ‭‬ ‭Pleural effusion‬ ‭‬ ‭Pneumothorax‬ ‭‬ ‭Lung scaring‬ ‭‬ ‭Surfactant deficiency‬ ‭Purpose of incentive perimeter is‬ ‭‬ ‭Increase transpulmonary pressure and inspiratory volumes‬ ‭‬ ‭Improve inspiratory muscle performance‬ ‭‬ ‭Reestablish or stimulate the normal pattern of pulmonary hyperinflation‬ ‭ ulmonary sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease that affects multiple organs in the body, but mostly the lungs and lymph nodes‬ P ‭and can lead to scar tissue in your lungs while also making them function more poorly‬ ‭‬ ‭Characterized by abnormal masses or nodules called granulomas consisting of inflamed tissues forming in the lungs‬ ‭ neumothorax is when air enter space between the visceral pleura and the parietal pleura and that excess air places extra‬ P ‭pressure on the lung inside the cavity and making the lung unable to expand for appropriate gas exchange‬ ‭‬ ‭Oxygen decreases and co2 increases‬ ‭‬ ‭Treatment is to reestablish negative pressure in the pleural cavity and allow for drainage or air or fluids‬ ‭ leural effusion is the collection of excess fluid in the pleural space to which common causes are pneumonia, TB, pulmonary‬ P ‭effusion, malignant disease, cardiac failure, subdiaphragmatic disorders‬ ‭‬ ‭Treatment is thoracentesis to remove fluid (reduces symptoms) and also find the cause‬ ‭Chest wall abnormalities‬ ‭‬ ‭Flail chest which is a life threatening medical condition that occurs when a segment of the rib cage breaks due to trauma‬ ‭and becomes detached from the rest of the chest wall, causes chest pain and SOB‬ ‭‬ ‭Deformities include pectus excavatum - sinken or funnel chest and pectus carinatum - pigeon chest‬ ‭‬ ‭Kyohoscoliosis‬ ‭Paradoxical breathing‬ ‭ cute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) results from a massive inflammatory response with acuter, diffuse, severe alveolar‬ A ‭capillary wall damage that result in progressive noncardiogenic pulmonary edema and respiratory failure‬ ‭‬ ‭Considered restrictive due to the increase alveolar pressure that develops which causes the alveoli to collapse during‬ ‭expiration‬ E‭ mpyema is the collection of pus in the pleural space occurring as a complication of pneumonia, but can occur after a‬ ‭thoracentesis, lung surgery, with a lung abscess, or following chest trauma‬ I‭ntercostal retraction are mvmts that occur due to reduces air pressure inside chest, trachea or bronchioles become partially‬ ‭blocked and the intercostal muscles are sucked inward, between ribs during breathing‬ I‭diopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a disease the results in scarring, fibrosis, of the lungs for an unknown reason which worsen‬ ‭overtime and become hard to take in a deep breath and the lungs cannot take in enough oxygen‬ ‭‬ ‭Symptoms include gradual onset of SOF and a dry cough‬ ‭‬ ‭Treatment includes medications, oxygen therapy, nonmedical treatments such as exercise, lung transplant‬