Chapter 15 - 03 - Discuss Data Backup, Retention, and Destruction - 04_ocred_fax_ocred.pdf

Certified Cybersecurity Technician Exam 212-82 Data Security ° Multiple copies of data are written to multiple drives at the same time...

Certified Cybersecurity Technician Exam 212-82 Data Security ° Multiple copies of data are written to multiple drives at the same time ° It provides data redundancy by duplicating the drive data in multiple drives H If one drive fails, data recovery is possible ° l It requires a minimum of two drives RAID 1 Copyright © by EC cll.M. All All Rights Rights Reserved, Reserved, Reproduction Reproduction Isis Strictly Strictly Prohibited Prohibited RAID Level 1: Disk Mirroring A typical RAID 1 contains an exact copy of the data on two or more disks. RAID 1 writes data on multiple drives and multiple mirror drives at the same time. The failure of one drive does not affect the data on other drives. This allows data retrieval from the mirror drive. Similar to RAID 0, RAID 1 provides no parity, stripping, or spanning of disk space across multiple disks. RAID 1 can be used in accounting, payroll, and other financial applications. RAID 1 is suitable in environments where read performance matters more than write performance. RAID 1 has improved read performance because the data in a disk can be read at the same time simultaneously. RAID level 1 provides data reliability in case of a disk failure as it can still provide access to the same data mirrored on other disks. In a RAID 1 hardware implementation, a minimum of two disks are required. In a software RAID 1, data can be copied to a disk volume. RAID 1 reduces the total disk capacity by half. Example: If a RAID 1 server is configured with two 4 TB drives, the storage capacity will be 4 TB and not 8 TB. The drive that accesses the data first will service the request. The write throughput in RAID 1 is always slower because every drive needs to be updated. Thus, its performance is limited by the slowest drive. It is only as fast as its slowest drive. RAID 1 will continue to function as long as there is at least one working drive. Advantages of RAID Level 1 = High read performance: Because there are two disks, the read performance is higher in a RAID level 1 system. Data can be read simultaneously while being written on the other disk. Thus, the redundancy is excellent. Module 15 Page 1867 Certified Cybersecurity Technician Copyright © by EG-Council EC-Council All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited. Certified Cybersecurity Technician Exam 212-82 Data Security = Compatibility: RAID 1 is compatible with hardware and software RAID systems, including controllers. = Reliability: The mirroring feature in a RAID 1 ensures the data will be available, making it more reliable than a RAID level 0. Disadvantages of RAID Level 1 = (Capacity: RAID level 1 undergoes duplexing, which needs twice the amount of disk space for storage. = Hot swapping unavailable: If a disk fails to run, it cannot be replaced while the server is still in operation. This is called hot swapping. RAID level 1 does not support hot swapping. Figure 15.88: RAID level 1 Module 15 Page 1868 Certified Cybersecurity Technician Copyright © by EG-Council All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited.  Exam 212- Exam 82 2 212-8 Cyber uritity secur Techn y Tech ician nici an Certifieied Certif d Cybe rsec Data Secu Security rity Data ng wi ping ripi Stri sk St witthh Pa Par ty riity o™ RU LN RAID RA Leve ID Le Disk vell 3:3: Di One driv es.. 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The datdataa isis RAI em, , a min mi ni mu imu m of thr thre diskss are req eee disk requuir ired level RAID level 3 syst sys tem dataa.. To implement a RAID dat dedica level dedi level tess one driv cate the storee the drivee to stor es at the byte byt e level leve. l. This Thi s RAI RAID D storred sto ed on multmultip le driv iple drives simult ously. At any aneeous any byte level leve l divi div sion isi on allo all ws ows the es to work simu drives driv ltan pari ty info parity informrmat on. The byte atiion. place. take plac RAID 3 is a good e. RAID good oper atio rat ionn or a writ wri e te ope oper rat ionn can take atio time,, eith er a read read ope pointt in time poin either system s. ems. data basesess or singsingle le-u er syst -usser choi choicece for spec specia lizzed iali ed databa data ngg wit with h dat data securi a secu ty.. It can perf rity ormm data perfor sfer transfer high tran data dat a rate rat e alo alon The RAID The level 3 has a high RAID level (XO (XORR)) of the info inform atiion rmat record on reco rdeded calc ulat cul ati ing ng an exc excllus usivive e OR reco recove ry and erro very errorr corr ecti correc tioonn by cal on the pari on ty driv parity e. drive. antage Advant Adv Levell 33 RAIDD Leve agess ofof RAI oug oug hpu read and for read hputt for operat writee oper and writ ion atio nss level l 33 prov pro es ides vid aa high high thr thr High thr == High oughpu throug RAID leve t: RAID hput: data tran largee data for larg for sfer transf erss.. es and ures breakd and bre s. owns. akdown level isis resi stan resist ant disk fail t toto disk failur »» Resi stan Resist antt:: This RAID level This RAID RAID Leve agess ofof RAID antage l 33 Level advant Disadv Dis comple Its x. Its igurura n tio atio n ofof aa RAID level 33 syst RAID level em isis comp system lex. y: Inst alla tion Installat ion and and conf con fig Comple = = Com xity: plexit urce resour s.. ces ssit tes aa larg ates larger ber ofof reso number er num entati lement implem imp ation nece on necess ita ce, ther mance, forman reduci ebyy redu thereb ng itsits cing dom oper ope atio rat ns ion s aff affe ect ct its its per per for perfor Slow per = » Slow forman ce: Ran mance: Random spee d. speed. right © © byby EC-Co Copyight ouncil Ec-Cuncil ity y Techn rsecurit Cybesecur nician Copyr Techician Certif ied d Cyber Certifie is Stric tly Proh ibited. bited. Reproduc tion rved. Reproduction Reseved. Rights Reser is Strict ly Prohi Modu Module Page 1869 le 1515 Page 1869 AllAll Rights Certified Cybersecurity Technician Exam 212-82 Data Security Disk 0 Disk 1 Disk 2 Disk 3 Disk44 Diok Figure 15.89: RAID level 3 Module 15 Page 1870 Certified Cybersecurity Technician Copyright © by EG-Council All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited. Certified Cybersecurity Technician Exam 212-82 Data Security RAID Level 5: Block Interleaved Distributed Parity The data is striped at the byte level across multiple drives, and the parity information is distributed among all the member drives e The data writing process is slow This level requires aa minimum of three drives to be set up RAID Level 5: Block Interleaved Distributed Parity RAID level 5 involves a block-interleaved distributed parity; it includes a block-level striping with a distributed parity. The parity information is distributed among all drives except one. The data chunks in a RAID level 5 system are larger than the regular 1/0 size, but they can be resized. To prevent data loss following a drive failure, data can be calculated from the distributed parity. The RAID 5 needs at least three disks; however, more than three disks can be used for a better performance. RAID 5 is not a good choice for write operations on the system. Rebuilding the RAID 5 array following a disk failure takes a long time. The performance can be degraded when the array is being rebuilt, making it vulnerable to additional disk failures. This level offers significantly better read performance as the disks independently process the data requests. RAID 5 is most often found in file and application servers, database servers, along with web, email, and news servers. Advantages of RAID Level 5 = Read data: Among all RAID levels, level 5 has the highest read data transaction rates. =* Withstand failure: RAID 5 can withstand the failure of a single drive and is not affected by the loss of data. = Hot swapping: In case of a disk failure, the failed disk can be replaced with a new one, without a server shutdown. Disadvantages of RAID Level 5 = Slow write operation: Servers built using RAID 5 suffer from performance issues with write operations, and these can eventually result in reduced speeds. Module 15 Page 1871 Certified Cybersecurity Technician Copyright © by EG-Gouncil EG-Council All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited. Certified Cybersecurity Technician Exam 212-82 Data Security Example: Employees accessing a database on a RAID 5 server will reduce the server’s production time. RAID 5.. at az' | B B. o G L C ; nfl ofl | Disk 0 Disk 1 Disk 2 Figure 15.90: RAID level 5 Module 15 Page 1872 EG-Council Certified Cybersecurity Technician Copyright © by EC-Gouncil All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited.