Respiratory System Chapter 13 PDF

Respiration: The sum of the processes that accomplish ongoing passive movement of O2 from the atmosphere to the tissues to support cell metabolism and the continual passive movement of metabolically produced CO2 from the tissues to the atmosphere. Kreb's Cycle,...

Respiration: The sum of the processes that accomplish ongoing passive movement of O2 from the atmosphere to the tissues to support cell metabolism and the continual passive movement of metabolically produced CO2 from the tissues to the atmosphere. Kreb's Cycle, ETC , glycolysis M Cellular Respiration: External Respiration: The intracellular metabolic processes The entire sequence of events in the carried out within the mitochondria, exchange of O2 and CO2 between which use O2 and produce CO2 the external environment and the while delivering energy form tissue cells. nutrient molecules. 0  External Respiration Refers to sequence of events involved in the exchange of O2 and CO2 between the external environment and the cells of the body outside Four steps get the air from into our lungs body and 1. Ventilation – movement of Loading… air into and out of the lungs. 2. Diffusion of O2 and CO2 between air in alveoli and blood within the pulmonary capillaries. 3. Blood transports O2 and CO2 between lungs and tissues. 4. Diffusion of O2 and CO2 between tissues and blood across systemic (tissue) capillaries. 0  P82 · Partial Pressures ↳ partial pressure of ↳ flow down how much oxygen pressure oxygen Wherever it is in the body gradients is in our blood function of Pulmonary system - readily - Store availible > - to move 98 5 % of all the oxygen. gases in the blood is bound to Hb 1. 5 % of all the oxygen is dissolved in the blood oxygen doesn't - go into the like to Plasma due to solubility from ↓ - easier to pull mechanical plasma than Hb events of - use Ab due to bound the oxygen store to replenish being long to what is being pulled out in the hemoglobin gastexchange plasma ↑ earth atmosphere ; sea level Normal air composition is 21% O2 with an atmospheric pressure of 760 mm Hg at sea level. When we breath this air, normal arterial blood leaving the lungs has a PO2 of 100 mm Hg and Hb saturation of 98%. * used predict one can be to the otherA – Normal PO2 (80-100 mm Hg) normal Hb saturation (95-100%) Assuming normal Hb levels, total oxygen content is 20 ml oxygen/100 ml of blood (20 volume percent). side Arterial blood gases reflect lung function. ovenous reflection of ↳ tissues ↳ blood has not 0 gone to any tissues yet ; direct reflection of the lungs  Lungs-basic structure · tissue of the lungs airways · within the Occupy much of thoracic cavity longs along with heart, vessels, esophagus, thymus. Two lungs: – Divided into lobes, lobes – divided into segments Loading… Consists of highly branched airways, alveoli, pulmonary blood vessels, elastic connective tissue Outer chest wall – Formed by 12 pairs of ribs and variety of skeletal muscle 0  Crings) Conducting Zone very stiff W No gas exchange had Trachea and Bronchi if we only cartilage not we have wouldn't good contain cartilage highly flexibility in flexible our neck Bronchioles-smooth muscle, regulate resistance *Anatomic dead space simply getting * 150 MLA air in ↳ marks resp Zone. Respiratory Zone Respiratory bronchioles to alveolar sacs Involved in gas exchange High surface area for capillary exchange normal breath Dead Space: regions of the respiratory system - soo ml tidal volume that contain air but are not exchanging O2 and CO2 with blood are considered dead space. short shallow breaths Conducting zone is anatomic dead space (150 ml why do we hyperventilate ? - less gas exchange of air) pushing air into conducting zone - and back out 0  A air we breathe isn't always clean A > produce mucous to trap particles and use cillia to get it back out Conducting zone –Host defense involves mucociliary escalator. - Cillia beat upwards in trached Under healthy conditions, few mucous cells reside within the airway epithelium. However, in humans with asthma, cystic fibrosis (CF), or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) the production and secretion of mucus are markedly upregulated. 0  Alveoli – 500 million= 75 m2 Thin-walled inflatable sacs. Function in gas exchange. Walls consist of a single layer of flattened Type I alveolar cells. Pulmonary capillaries encircle each alveolus. Type II alveolar cells secrete pulmonary surfactant. ↳ a chemical that helps keep alveoli from your collapsing 0 Pleural Sac 0 Pressures Important in Ventilation 0 A patient with a was found to have an alveolar PO2 measured at 75 mm Hg (normal is 100 mm Hg). Which of the following might be consistent with his condition? a)Arterial PO2 would be higher than normal b)The amount of oxygen dissolved in the arterial blood is normal, but Hb saturation is low Loading… c)Hb saturation is 75% d)Total oxygen content would remain normal 0