Introduction to Wireless Communication Systems PDF

Chapter 1 Introduction to Wireless Communication Systems  Sections 1.1. Introduction 1.2. Evolution of Mobile Radio Communications 1.3. Mobile Radio Systems around the World 1.4. Wireless Communication systems 1.5. Trends in Cellular Radio and Personal Communications 1.1. Introduc...

Chapter 1 Introduction to Wireless Communication Systems  Sections 1.1. Introduction 1.2. Evolution of Mobile Radio Communications 1.3. Mobile Radio Systems around the World 1.4. Wireless Communication systems 1.5. Trends in Cellular Radio and Personal Communications 1.1. Introduction  Ancient Communication Systems: Smoke Signals, Carrier Pigeons, …  Radio invented in the 1880s by Marconi(Italy), he invented wireless telegraph in 1896.  Marconi sent telegraphic signals across the Atlantic Ocean from Cornwall to St. John's New found land; a distance of about 3200 km. H i s i n v e n t i o n a l l o w e d t w o p a r t i e s t o communicate by sending each other alphanumeric characters encoded in an analog signal.  Cont… Advances in wireless technologies have led to the radio, television, mobile telephone, and satellite communications. Many sophisticated military radio systems were developed during and after WW2 Great deal of attention has been focused on satellite communications, wireless networking, and cellular technology.  Cont… C o m m u n i c ati o n s s ate l l i te s w e r e f ir s t launched in the 1960s. The cellular or mobile telephone is the modern equivalent of Marconi's wireless te l e g rap h , offe r i n g two- p ar ty, two- way communication. The f ir st-generation wireless phones used analog technology.  Cont… The current generation of wireless devices is built using digital technology. Digital networks carry much more traf fic and provide better reception and security than analog networks. T h e f o l l o w i n g f ig u r e s h o w s S o m e Milestones in Wireless Communications. Cont… 1.2. Evolution of Mobile Radio Communications  The wireless communication era was born with t h e d ev e lop me n t of h ig h ly re liab le rad io frequency hardware.  First Mobile telephone service was introduced in 25 major American cities in 1946. D u r i n g t h e 1 9 5 0 s a n d 1 9 6 0 s m a n y telecommunication companies throughout the world developed the theory and techniques of cellular radiotelephony.  AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System) was the f irst US cellular telephone system deployed in 1983.  Cont…  In late 1991 the f irst US digital cellular (USDC) system hardware was installed in major US cities.  T h e W o r l d ’s f ir s t c e l l u l a r s y s t e m w a s implemented by the Nippon Telephone and Telegraph (NTT) in Japan in 1979.  The pan European digital cellular standard GSM (Global System for Mobile) f ir st deployed in 1990.  the f ig ure below shows the growth of mobile t e le p h on y as c omp are d to ot h e r p op u lar inventions of this century. Cont…  1.3. Mobile Radio Systems around the World AMPS – Advanced mobile phone System USDC – US digital Cellular CDPC – Cellular Digital Packet Communication IS-95 – Interim Standard - 95 GSC – Golay Sequential Coding POCSAG – Post Office Code Standard Advisory Group FLEX – 4-level FSK-based paging standard developed by Motorola  Cont…  DCS – 1900 - Digital Communication System 1900  GSM – Global system for Mobile Communication  PACS – Personal Access Communication System  MIRS – Motorola’s integrated radio system  ETACS – European Total Access Cellular System  NMT– Nordic Mobile Telephone system  C-45 – Cellular Standard 45  ERMES - European Radio Message System  CT2 – cordless telephone 2  Cont… DECT – Digital European Cordless Telephone JTACS – Japanese Total Access Communication System PDC – Pacific Digital Cellular NTT – Nippon Telephone and Telegraph NTACS – Narrowband total Access Communication System PHS – Personal Handy phone System  Major Mobile Radio Standard in North American Cont..  Major Mobile Radio Standard in Europe  Major Mobile Radio Standard in Japan 1.4. Wireless Communication systems 1. Hand-held walkie-talkies 2. Paging systems 3. Cordless telephone systems 4. Cellular telephones 5. Wireless LANs 6. Garage door openers 7. Remote controllers 8. Bluetooth 9. Microwave communication 10. Satellite communications  Terms 1. Base Station:- A f ixed station in a mobile radio system used for radio communication with mobile stations. Base stations are located at the center or on the edge of a coverage region and consist of radio channels and transmitter and receiver antennas mounted on a tower. 2. Control Channel:- Radio channels used for transmission of call setup, call request, call initiation, and other beacon or control purposes.  Cont… Forward Channel:- Radio channel used for transmission of information from the base station to the mobile. Reverse Channel:- Radio channel used for transmission of information from the mobile to base station.  Handoff:- The process of transferring a mobile station from one channel or base station to another.  Mobile Station:- A station in the cellular radio service intended for use while in motion at unspecified locations. Mobile stations may be h an d-h eld person al u n its (por tables) or installed in vehicles (mobiles).  Cont… Mobile Switching center:- Switching which coordinates the routing of calls in a large Center s er v ice area. In a cellular radio system, the MSC connects the cellular base stations and the mobiles to the PSTN. An MSC is als o called a mobile telephone switching office (MTSO). Page :- A brief message which is broadcast over the entire service area, usually in a simulcast fashion by many base stations at the same time.  Cont… Roamer:- A mobile station which operates in a service area (market) other than that from which service has been subscribed. Subscriber:- A user who pays subscription charges for using a mobile communication system. T r a n s c e i v e r : - A d e v i c e c a p a b l e o f simultaneously transmitting and receiving radio signals. Classification of mobile radio transmission system 1. Simplex:- communication in only one direction 2. Half-duplex:- same radio channel for both transmission and reception (push-to-talk, release-to-listen) 3. F u l l - d u p l e x : - s i m u l t a n e o u s r a d i o transmission and reception (FDD, TDD) 1.5. Trends in Cellular Radio and Personal Communication  Since 1989, there has been enormous activity throughout the world to develop personal systems that combined the network intelligence of today’s PSTN with digital signal processing and RF technology. The concept is called Personal Communication Services (PCS).  Indoor wireless networking products are rapidly emerging and promise to become a major part of the te l e c om m uni c ati ons i nf rastruc ture. An international standard body, IEEE 802.11, is d e v e l o p i ng st a nd a rd s f o r w i re l e ss a c c e ss between computers inside buildings.  Cont… The technical group TG 8/1 is considering how worldwide wireless network should ev ol v e an d h ow w or l d w i d e f r e qu e n c y coordination might be implemented to allow subscriber units to work anywhere in the world. Worldwide standard also required low earth orbit (LEO) s atellite communication systems.  Summary Ancient Communication Systems Marconi’s wireless telegraph Wireless Communication systems Classif ic ation of mobile radio transmission system Tre n ds i n C e l l u l ar R adi o an d Pe r s on al Communication