Discovering Computers Chapter 11 PDF

Discovering Computers Technology in a World of Computers, Mobile Devices, and the Internet Chapter 11 Information and Data Management Objectives Overview Define the term, Define the term, data database, and explain...

Discovering Computers Technology in a World of Computers, Mobile Devices, and the Internet Chapter 11 Information and Data Management Objectives Overview Define the term, Define the term, data database, and explain Discuss the terms integrity, and describe how a database character, field, record, the qualities of valuable interacts with data and and file information information Describe file Differentiate between maintenance the file processing techniques and approach and the validation techniques database approach See Page 464 2 for Detailed Objectives Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 11 Objectives Overview Describe characteristics of Discuss the functions relational, object- common to most oriented, and Discuss web databases database management multidimensional systems databases Identify database design guidelines and understand Describe various the responsibilities of information systems used database analysts and in an enterprise administrators See Page 464 3 for Detailed Objectives Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 11 Databases, Data, and Information Database Data Information Collection of Collection of Processed data data organized unprocessed Organized in a manner items Meaningful that allows Text Useful access, Numbers retrieval, and Images use of that data Audio Video Page 464 4 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 11 Databases, Data, and Information Page 465 5 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 11 Figure 11-1 Databases, Data, and Information Database software, often called a database management system (DBMS), allows users to: Create a computerized Add, modify, and database delete data Create forms and Sort and retrieve data reports from the data Page 464 6 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 11 Databases, Data, and Information Data integrity reflects the quality of the data – The more errors the data contains, the lower its integrity – Data integrity is important because computers and people use information to make decisions and take actions Page 466 7 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 11 Databases, Data, and Information Valuable information should have the following characteristics: Accurate Verifiable Timely Organized Cost- Accessible Useful effective Pages 466 - 467 8 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 11 Databases, Data, and Information Data is organized in layers – Files, records, fields, characters Pages 467 - 468 9 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 11 Figure 11-2 Databases, Data, and Information A character is one byte – Numbers, letters, space, punctuation marks, or other symbols A field is a combination of one or more related characters – Field name – Field size – Data type Page 468 10 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 11 Figure 11-3 Databases, Data, and Information Common data types include: Text Number AutoNumber Currency Date Memo Yes/No Hyperlink Object Attachment Page 469 11 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 11 Databases, Data, and Information A record is a group of related fields – A primary key is a field that uniquely identifies each record A data file is a collection of related records Page 469 12 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 11 Figure 11-4 Databases, Data, and Information File maintenance refers to the procedures that keep data current Adding Modifying records records Deleting records Page 470 13 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 11 Databases, Data, and Information Users add new records to a file when they obtain new data Pages 470 - 471 14 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 11 Figure 11-5 Databases, Data, and Information Users generally modify a record to correct inaccurate data or update old data Pages 471 - 472 15 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 11 Figure 11-6 Databases, Data, and Information When a record no longer is needed, a user deletes it from a file Page 472 16 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 11 Figure 11-7 Databases, Data, and Information Validation compares data with a set of rules or values to find out if the data is correct Alphabetic/Numeric Range check Consistency check check Completeness check Check digit Other checks Pages 473 - 474 17 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 11 File Processing Versus Databases File processing system Database approach Each department has its Programs and users share own set of files data Have data redundancy Reduced data redundancy Isolate data Improved data integrity Shared data Easier access Reduced development time Pages 476 - 477 18 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 11 File Processing Versus Databases Page 476 19 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 11 Figure 11-9 Database Management Systems A data dictionary contains data about each file in the database and each field in those files Page 478 20 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 11 Figure 10-10 Database Management Systems A DBMS provides several tools that allow users and programs to retrieve and maintain data in the database Query language Query by example Form Report writer Page 479 21 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 11 Database Management Systems A query language consists of simple, English-like statements that allow users to specify the data to display, print, store, update, or delete Structured Query Language (SQL) is a popular query language that allows users to manage, update, and retrieve data Many DBMSs provide tools to guide nontechnical users through the steps of creating a query Page 480 22 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 11 Database Management Systems Page 480 23 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 11 Figure 11-12 Database Management Systems Most DBMSs include query by example (QBE), a feature that has a graphical user interface to assist users with retrieving data Page 481 24 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 11 Figure 11-13 Database Management Systems A form is a window on the screen that provides areas for entering or modifying data in a database A report writer allows users to design a report on the screen, retrieve data into the report design, and then display or print the report Page 481 25 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 11 Figure 11-14 Database Management Systems A DBMS provides means to ensure that only authorized users access data Access privileges Principle of least privilege policy Page 482 26 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 11 Database Management Systems A DMBS provides a variety of techniques to restore the database to a usable form in case it is damaged or destroyed Backup Log Recovery Continuous utility backup Page 482 27 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 11 Relational, Object-Oriented, and Multidimensional Databases A data model defines how users view the organization of the data Page 483 28 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 11 Table 11-2 Relational, Object-Oriented, and Multidimensional Databases A relational database stores data in tables that consist of rows and columns – Each row has a primary key – Each column has a unique name A relationship is a link within the data Pages 483 - 484 29 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 11 Figure 11-15 Relational, Object-Oriented, and Multidimensional Databases An object-oriented database (OODB) stores data in objects Examples of applications appropriate for an object-oriented database include: Media Groupware database database CAD database Pages 484 - 485 30 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 11 Relational, Object-Oriented, and Multidimensional Databases A multidimensional database can store data in more than two dimensions of data – Sometimes known as a hypercube – Can consolidate data much faster than a relational database A data warehouse is a huge database that stores and manages the data required to analyze historical and current transactions Pages 485 – 486 31 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 11 Figure 11-17 Web Databases The web offers information about: Television Jobs Travel Destinations programming Local and Photos Movies Videos national weather Sporting Legislative events information Page 486 32 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 11 Database Administration Database analysts and administrators are responsible for managing and coordinating all database activities Database Administrator (DBA) Database Analyst (DA) Creates and maintains the data Decides on proper placement of dictionary, manages security of fields, defines data relationship, the database, monitors the and identifies users’ access performance of the database, privileges and checks backup and recovery procedures Page 489 33 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 11 Information Systems in the Enterprise An information system is a set of hardware, software, data, people, and procedures that work together to produce information Page 491 34 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 11 Table 11-3 Information Systems in the Enterprise Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) integrates MRP II with the information flow across an organization to manage and coordinate the ongoing activities of the enterprise, including product planning, manufacturing and distribution, accounting and finance, sales, human resources, and customer support Page 491 35 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 11 Information Systems in the Enterprise Page 492 36 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 11 Figure 11-18 Information Systems in the Enterprise A document management system (DMS) allows for storage and management of a company’s documents, such as word processing documents, presentations, and spreadsheets A content management system (CMS) enables and manages the publishing, modification, organization, and access of various forms of documents and other files, including media and webpages, on a network or the web Pages 492 - 493 37 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 11 Information Systems in the Enterprise A transaction processing system (TPS) is an information system that captures and processes data from day-to-day business activities Pages 493 – 494 38 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 11 Figure 11-19 Information Systems in the Enterprise A management information system (MIS) is an information system that generates accurate, timely, and organized information, so that managers and other users can make decisions, solve problems, supervise activities, and track progress Pages 494 – 495 39 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 11 Figure 11-20 Information Systems in the Enterprise A decision support system (DSS) helps users analyze information and make decisions Page 495 40 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 11 Figure 11-21 Information Systems in the Enterprise An expert system is an information system that captures and stores the knowledge of human experts and then imitates human reasoning and decision making Page 496 41 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 11 Figure 11-22 Summary How data and Methods for Assessing the information are maintaining high- quality of valuable valuable assets to quality data information an organization Advantages of Roles of the Various types of organizing data in a database analysts databases database and administrators Information Database design systems used in an guidelines enterprise Page 497 42 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 11  Discovering Computers Technology in a World of Computers, Mobile Devices, and the Internet Chapter 11 Information and Data Management Chapter 11 Complete