Chapter 11 - 01 - Understand Wireless Network Fundamentals - 01_ocred.pdf

Certified Cybersecurity Technician Wireless Network Security Exam 212-82 Module Understand Wireless Network Encryption Mechanisms Flow Discuss Different Types of Wireless Network Authentication Methods Discuss and Implement Wireless Network Security Measures Understand Wireless Network Fundamentals...

Certified Cybersecurity Technician Wireless Network Security Exam 212-82 Module Understand Wireless Network Encryption Mechanisms Flow Discuss Different Types of Wireless Network Authentication Methods Discuss and Implement Wireless Network Security Measures Understand Wireless Network Fundamentals Understand Wireless Network Fundamentals The objective of this section is to understand the fundamentals of wireless networks which includes the wireless network terminologies, components used in wireless networks, the uses of wireless networks, and their advantages and limitations. This section covers the different types of wireless technologies, wireless network standards, and topologies. Module 11 Page 1400 Certified Cybersecurity Technician Copyright © by EC-Council All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited. Certified Cybersecurity Technician Wireless Network Security Exam 212-82 Wireless Terminologies Describes the amount of. information that may be p broadcast over a connection The MAC address of an —— A place where a wireless ) g network is available for. public use BSSID Hotspot Bandwidth (12, o GSM i AP that hassetup a. Basic Service Set (BSS) o (05 Hccess point (AP) A universal system used for mobile transportation @ Used to connect wireless devices to a for wireless networks — wireless/wired network 0 ISM band A set of frequencies for the international B worldwide industrial, scientific, and medical communities Copyright © by L All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited Wireless Terminologies (Cont’d) fi Association The process of connecting a wireless device to an AP €S Service Set Identifier (SSID) A unique identifier of 32 alphanumeric characters given to a wireless local area network (WLAN) Orthogonal Frequency-division Multiplexing (OFDM) Method of encoding digital data on multiple carrier frequencies ¢ Multiple input, multiple output orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) An air interface for 4G and 5G broadband wireless communications Direct-sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) An original data signal multiplied with a pseudo-random noise spreading the code < Frequency-hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) A method of transmitting radio signals by rapidly switching a carrier among many frequency channels Copyright © by L All Rights Reserved. ReproductionIs Strictly Prohibited Wireless Terminologies In a wireless network, data are transmitted through EM waves that carry signals over the communication path. Terms associated with wireless networks include the following: = Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM): It is a universal mobile data transmission in wireless networks worldwide. Module 11 Page 1401 system used for Certified Cybersecurity Technician Copyright © by EG-Council All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited. Certified Cybersecurity Technician Wireless Network Security Exam 212-82 = Bandwidth: It describes the amount of information that may be broadcast over a connection. Usually, bandwidth refers to the data transfer rate and is measured in bits (amount of data) per second (bps). = Access network. point (AP): An AP is used to connect It allows wireless communication wireless devices to a wireless/wired devices to connect to a wireless network through wireless standards such as Bluetooth and Wi-Fi. It serves as a switch or hub between a wired LAN and wireless network. = Basic service set identifier (BSSID): It is the media access control (MAC) address of an access point (AP) or base station that has set up a basic service set (BSS). Generally, users are unaware of the BSS to which they belong. When a user moves a device, the BSS used by the device could change because of a variation in the range covered by the AP, but this change may not affect the connectivity of the wireless device. = Industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band: This band is a set of frequencies used by the international industrial, scientific, and medical communities. = Hotspot: These are places where wireless networks Hotspots refer to areas with Wi-Fi availability, where devices and connect to the Internet. are available for public use. users can enable Wi-Fi on their = Association: It refers to the process of connecting a wireless device to an AP. = Service set identifier (SSID): An SSID is a 32-alphanumeric-character unique identifier given to a wireless local area network (WLAN) that acts as a wireless identifier of the network. The SSID permits connections to the desired network among available independent networks. Devices connecting to the same WLAN should use the same SSID to establish connections. * Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM): An OFDM is a method of digital modulation of data in which a signal, at a chosen frequency, is split into multiple carrier frequencies that are orthogonal (occurring at right angles) to each other. OFDM maps information on the changes in the carrier phase, frequency, amplitude, or a combination of these and shares bandwidth with other independent channels. It produces a transmission scheme that supports higher bit rates than parallel channel operation. It is also a method of encoding digital data on multiple carrier frequencies. = Multiple input, multiple output-orthogonal OFDM): MIMO-OFDM influences the communication services. Adopting the and increases the channel robustness. = frequency-division multiplexing (MIMO- spectral efficiency of 4G and 5G wireless MIMO-OFDM technique reduces interference Direct-sequence spread spectrum (DSSS): DSSS is a spread spectrum technique that multiplies the original data signal with a pseudo-random noise-spreading code. Also referred to as a data transmission scheme or modulation scheme, the technique protects signals against interference or jamming. * Frequency-hopping spread spectrum (FHSS): FHSS, also known as frequency-hopping code-division multiple access (FH-CDMA), is a method of transmitting radio signals by Module 11 Page 1402 Certified Cybersecurity Technician Copyright © by EG-Council All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited. Certified Cybersecurity Technician Wireless Network Security Exam 212-82 rapidly switching a carrier among many frequency channels. It decreases the efficiency of unauthorized interception or jamming of telecommunications. hops between available frequencies using a specified algorithm In FHSS, a transmitter in a pseudorandom sequence known to both the sender and receiver. Module 11 Page 1403 Certified Cybersecurity Technician Copyright © by EG-Council All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited. Certified Cybersecurity Technician Wireless Network Security Exam 212-82 Wireless Networks O Wireless networks use radio frequency (RF) signals to connect wireless-enabled devices in a network O The wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) technology uses the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) standard of 802.11 and uses radio waves for communication Advantages = |nstallation is easy and eliminates wiring = Access to the network can be from anywhere within the range of an access point (AP) = Public places such as airports, schools, etc., can offer a constant internet connection using WLAN Copyright © by EC Wireless L All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited. Networks The computer world is heading towards a new era of technological evolution by using wireless technologies. Wireless networking is revolutionizing the way people work and play. By removing the physical connection or cable, individuals are able to use networks in newer ways that make data portable, mobile, and accessible. A wireless network environment opens up many new expansions and workflow possibilities. With the availability of a wireless network, there is no need to worry when a user wants to move their PC from one office to the next or when they want to work in a location that does not have an Ethernet port. Wireless networking is very useful in public places including libraries, coffee shops, hotels, airports, and other establishments that offer WLAN connections. The most important aspect in wireless networking is an access point through which a user can communicate with another mobile or fixed host. An access point is a device that contains a radio transceiver (that sends and receives signals) along with a registered jack 45 (RJ-45) wired network interface, which allows a user to connect to a standard wired network using a cable. Advantages of a Wireless Network = |Installation is fast and easy without the need for wiring through walls and ceilings = Easily provides connectivity in areas where it is difficult to lay cables = The network can be accessed from anywhere within the range of an AP = Public spaces such as airports, libraries, schools, and even coffee shops offer constant Internet connections through WLANs Module 11 Page 1404 Certified Cybersecurity Technician Copyright © by EC-Council All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited. Certified Cybersecurity Technician Wireless Network Security Exam 212-82 Disadvantages of a Wireless Network = Security may not meet expectations = The bandwidth suffers as the number of devices in the network increases = = Wi-Fi upgrades may require new wireless cards and/or APs Some electronic equipment can interfere with Wi-Fi networks Module 11 Page 1405 Certified Cybersecurity Technician Copyright © by EG-Council All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited.