IIEE SQC REE Review Program 2019 Chapter 1. General PDF

IIEE SQC REE REVIEW PROGRAM 2019 10/11/2023 Chapter 1. General ARTICLE 1.0 — INTRODUCTION ARTICLE 1.1 — DEFINITIONS...

IIEE SQC REE REVIEW PROGRAM 2019 10/11/2023 Chapter 1. General ARTICLE 1.0 — INTRODUCTION ARTICLE 1.1 — DEFINITIONS ARTICLE 1.2 — PERMITS AND INSPECTION CERTIFICATES ARTICLE 110 — REQUIREMENTS FOR ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS 1.10.1 General 1.10.1.1 Scope. This article covers general requirements for the examination and approval, installation and use, access to and spaces about electrical conductors and equipment; enclosures intended for personnel entry; and tunnel installations 1.10.1.2 Approval. The conductors and equipment required or permitted by this Code shall be acceptable only if approved. PREPARED BY: ENGR. DARWIN L. DE ASIS 1 IIEE SQC REE REVIEW PROGRAM 2019 10/11/2023 1.10.1.3 Examination, Identification, Installation, and Use of Equipment. (a)Examination. In judging equipment, considerations such as the following shall be evaluated: 1) Suitability for installation and use in conformity with the provisions of this Code (2) Mechanical strength and durability, including, for parts designed to enclose and protect other equipment, the adequacy of the protection thus provided (3) Wire-bending and connection space (4) Electrical insulation (5) Heating effects under normal conditions of use and also under abnormal conditions likely to arise in service PREPARED BY: ENGR. DARWIN L. DE ASIS 2 IIEE SQC REE REVIEW PROGRAM 2019 10/11/2023 (6) Arcing effects (7) Classification by type, size, voltage, current capacity, and specific use (8) Other factors that contribute to the practical safeguarding of persons using or likely to come in contact with the equipment b) Installation and Use. Listed or labeled equipment shall be installed and used in accordance with any instructions included in the listing or labeling. PREPARED BY: ENGR. DARWIN L. DE ASIS 3 IIEE SQC REE REVIEW PROGRAM 2019 10/11/2023 PREPARED BY: ENGR. DARWIN L. DE ASIS 4 IIEE SQC REE REVIEW PROGRAM 2019 10/11/2023 1.10.1.4 Voltages. Throughout this Code, the voltage considered shall be that at which the circuit operates. The voltage rating of electrical equipment shall not be less than the nominal voltage of a circuit to which it is connected. 1.10.1.5 Conductors. Conductors normally used to carry current shall be of copper unless otherwise provided in this Code. Where the conductor material is not specified, the material and the sizes given in this Code shall apply to copper conductors. Where other materials are used, the size shall be changed accordingly. 1.10.1.6 Conductor Sizes. Conductor sizes are expressed in square millimetres (mm2) for stranded or in millimetres diameter (mm dia.)for solid. 1.10.1.7 Insulation Integrity. Completed wiring installations shall be free from short circuits and from grounds other than as required or permitted in Article 2.50. 1.10.1.8 Wiring Methods. Only wiring methods recognized as suitable are included in this Code. The recognized methods of wiring shall be permitted to be installed in any type of building or occupancy, except as otherwise provided in this Code. 1.10.1.9 Interrupting Rating. Equipment intended to interrupt current at fault levels shall have an interrupting rating sufficient for the nominal circuit voltage and the current that is available at the line terminals of the equipment. PREPARED BY: ENGR. DARWIN L. DE ASIS 5 IIEE SQC REE REVIEW PROGRAM 2019 10/11/2023 1.10.1.10 Circuit Impedance and Other Characteristics. The overcurrent protective devices, the total impedance, the component short-circuit current ratings, and other characteristics of the circuit to be protected shall be selected and coordinated to permit the circuit protective devices used to clear a fault to do so without extensive damage to the electrical components of the circuit. This fault shall be assumed to be either between two or more of the circuit conductors or between any circuit conductor and the grounding conductor or enclosing metal raceway. Listed products applied in accordance with their listing shall be considered to meet the requirements of this section. 1.10.1.11 Deteriorating Agents. Unless identified for use in the operating environment, no conductors or equipment shall be located in damp or wet locations; where exposed to gases, fumes, vapors, liquids, or other agents that have a deteriorating effect on the conductors or equipment; or where exposed to excessive temperatures. 1.10.1.12 Mechanical Execution of Work. Electrical equipment shall be installed in a neat and workmanlike manner. PREPARED BY: ENGR. DARWIN L. DE ASIS 6 IIEE SQC REE REVIEW PROGRAM 2019 10/11/2023 (a) Unused Openings. Unused cable or raceway openings in boxes, raceways, auxiliary gutters, cabinets, cutout boxes, meter socket enclosures, equipment cases, or housings shall be effectively closed to afford protection substantially equivalent to the wall of the equipment. Where metallic plugs or plates are used with nonmetallic enclosures, they shall be recessed at least 6 mm from the outer surface of the enclosure. (b) Subsurface Enclosures. Conductors shall be racked to provide ready and safe access in underground and subsurface enclosures into which persons enter for installation and Maintenance. (c) Integrity of Electrical Equipment and Connections. Internal parts of electrical equipment, including busbars, wiring terminals, insulators, and other surfaces, shall not be damaged or contaminated by foreign materials such as paint, plaster, cleaners, abrasives, or corrosive residues. There shall be no damaged parts that may adversely affect safe operation or mechanical strength of the equipment such as parts that are broken; bent; cut; or deteriorated by corrosion, chemical action, or overheating. 1.10.1.13 Mounting and Cooling of Equipment. (a) Mounting. Electrical equipment shall be firmly secured to the surface on which it is mounted. Wooden plugs driven into holes in masonry, concrete, plaster, or similar materials shall not be used. (b) Cooling. Electrical equipment that depends on the natural circulation of air and convection principles for cooling of exposed surfaces shall be installed so that room airflow over such surfaces is not prevented by walls or by adjacent installed equipment. For equipment designed for floor mounting, clearance between top surfaces and adjacent surfaces shall be provided to dissipate rising warm air. Electrical equipment provided with ventilating openings shall be installed so that walls or other obstructions do not prevent the free circulation of air through the equipment. PREPARED BY: ENGR. DARWIN L. DE ASIS 7 IIEE SQC REE REVIEW PROGRAM 2019 10/11/2023 1.10.1.14 Electrical Connections. Because of different characteristics of dissimilar metals, devices such as pressure terminal or pressure splicing connectors and soldering lugs shall be identified for the material of the conductor and shall be properly installed and used. Conductors of dissimilar metals shall not be intermixed in a terminal or splicing connector where physical contact occurs between dissimilar conductors (such as copper and aluminum, copper and copper-clad aluminum, or aluminum and copper-clad aluminum), unless the device is identified for the purpose and conditions of use. Materials such as solder, fluxes, inhibitors, and compounds, where employed, shall be suitable for the use and shall be of a type that will not adversely affect the conductors, installation, or equipment. PREPARED BY: ENGR. DARWIN L. DE ASIS 8 IIEE SQC REE REVIEW PROGRAM 2019 10/11/2023 (a) Terminals. Connection of conductors to terminal parts shall ensure a thoroughly good connection without damaging the conductors and shall be made by means of pressure connectors (including setscrew type), solder lugs, or splices to flexible leads. Connection by means of wire- binding screws or studs and nuts that have upturned lugs or the equivalent shall be permitted for 5.5 mm2 (2.6 mm dia.) or smaller conductors. Terminals for more than one conductor and terminals used to connect aluminum shall be so identified. (b) Splices. Conductors shall be spliced or joined with splicing devices identified for the use or by brazing, welding, or soldering with a fusible metal or alloy. Soldered splices shall first be spliced or joined so as to be mechanically and electrically secure without solder and then be soldered. All splices and joints and the free ends of conductors shall be covered with an insulation equivalent to that of the conductors or with an insulating device identified for the purpose. Wire connectors or splicing means installed on conductors for direct burial shall be listed for such use. PREPARED BY: ENGR. DARWIN L. DE ASIS 9 IIEE SQC REE REVIEW PROGRAM 2019 10/11/2023 PREPARED BY: ENGR. DARWIN L. DE ASIS 10 IIEE SQC REE REVIEW PROGRAM 2019 10/11/2023 PREPARED BY: ENGR. DARWIN L. DE ASIS 11 IIEE SQC REE REVIEW PROGRAM 2019 10/11/2023 (c) Temperature Limitations. The temperature rating associated with the ampacity of a conductor shall be selected and coordinated so as not to exceed the lowest temperature rating of any connected termination, conductor, or device. Conductors with temperature ratings higher than specified for terminations shall be permitted to be used for ampacity adjustment, correction, or both. 1.10.1.15 High-Leg Marking. On a 4-wire, delta-connected system where the midpoint of one phase winding is grounded, only the conductor or busbar having the higher phase voltage to ground shall be durably and permanently marked by an outer finish that is orange in color or by other effective means. Such identification shall be placed at each point on the system where a connection is made if the grounded conductor is also present. PREPARED BY: ENGR. DARWIN L. DE ASIS 12 IIEE SQC REE REVIEW PROGRAM 2019 10/11/2023 PREPARED BY: ENGR. DARWIN L. DE ASIS 13 IIEE SQC REE REVIEW PROGRAM 2019 10/11/2023 PREPARED BY: ENGR. DARWIN L. DE ASIS 14 IIEE SQC REE REVIEW PROGRAM 2019 10/11/2023 1.10.1.16 Flash Protection. Switchboards, panelboards, industrial control panels, meter socket enclosures, and motor control centers that are in other than dwelling occupancies and are likely to require examination, adjustment, servicing, or maintenance while energized shall be field marked to warn licensed electrical practitioner or nonlicensed electrical practitioner under the supervision of a licensed electrical practitioner of potential electric arc flash hazards. The marking shall be located so as to be clearly visible to licensed electrical practitioner or non-licensed electrical practitioner under the supervision of a licensed electrical practitioner before examination, adjustment, servicing, or maintenance of the equipment. 1.10.1.18 Arcing Parts. Parts of electric equipment that in ordinary operation produce arcs, sparks, flames, or molten metal shall be enclosed or separated and isolated from all combustible material. PREPARED BY: ENGR. DARWIN L. DE ASIS 15 IIEE SQC REE REVIEW PROGRAM 2019 10/11/2023 1.10.1.19 Light and Power from Railway Conductors. Circuits for lighting and power shall not be connected to any system that contains trolley wires with a ground return. 1.10.1.21 Marking. The manufacturer’s name, trademark, or other descriptive marking by which the organization responsible for the product can be identified shall be placed on all electric equipment. Other markings that indicate voltage, current, wattage, or other ratings shall be provided as specified elsewhere in this Code. The marking shall be of sufficient durability to withstand the environment involved. PREPARED BY: ENGR. DARWIN L. DE ASIS 16 IIEE SQC REE REVIEW PROGRAM 2019 10/11/2023 1.10.1.22 Identification of Disconnecting Means. Each disconnecting means shall be legibly marked to indicate its purpose unless located and arranged so the purpose is evident. The marking shall be of sufficient durability to withstand the environment involved. Where circuit breakers or fuses are applied in compliance with the series combination ratings marked on the equipment by the manufacturer, the equipment enclosure(s) shall be legibly marked in the field to indicate the equipment has been applied with a series combination rating. The marking shall be readily visible and state the following: CAUTION SERIES COMBINATION SYSTEM RATED ____ AMPERES IDENTIFIED REPLACEMENT COMPONENTS REQUIRED 1.10.1.23 Current Transformers. Unused current transformers associated with potentially energized circuits shall be short-circuited. PREPARED BY: ENGR. DARWIN L. DE ASIS 17 IIEE SQC REE REVIEW PROGRAM 2019 10/11/2023 1.10.2 600 Volts, Nominal, or Less 1.10.2.1 Spaces About Electrical Equipment. Sufficient access and working space shall be provided and maintained about all electric equipment to permit ready and safe operation and maintenance of such equipment. Enclosures housing electrical apparatus that are controlled by a lock(s) shall be considered accessible to licensed electrical practitioner or non-licensed electrical practitioner under the supervision of a licensed electrical practitioner. (a) Working Space. Working space for equipment operating at 600 volts, nominal, or less to ground and likely to require examination, adjustment, servicing, or maintenance while energized shall comply with the dimensions of 1.10.2.1(a)(1), (a)(2), and (a)(3) or as required or permitted elsewhere in this Code. (1) Depth of Working Space. The depth of the working space in the direction of live parts shall not be less than that specified in Table 1.10.2.1(a)(1) unless the requirements of 1.10.2.1(a)(1)a, (a)(1)b, or (a)(1)c are met. Distances shall be measured from the exposed live parts or from the enclosure or opening if the live parts are enclosed. PREPARED BY: ENGR. DARWIN L. DE ASIS 18 IIEE SQC REE REVIEW PROGRAM 2019 10/11/2023 a. Dead-Front Assemblies. Working space shall not be required in the back or sides of assemblies, such as dead-front switchboards or motor control centers, where all connections and all renewable or adjustable parts, such as fuses or switches, are accessible from locations other than the back or sides. Where rear access is required to work on nonelectrical parts on the back of enclosed equipment, a minimum horizontal working space of 750 mm shall be provided. PREPARED BY: ENGR. DARWIN L. DE ASIS 19 IIEE SQC REE REVIEW PROGRAM 2019 10/11/2023 b. Low Voltage. By special permission, smaller working spaces shall be permitted where all exposed live parts operate at not greater than 30 volts rms, 42 volts peak, or 60 volts dc. c. Existing Buildings. In existing buildings where electrical equipment is being replaced, Condition 2 working clearance shall be permitted between dead-front switchboards, panelboards, or motor control centers located across the aisle from each other where conditions of maintenance and supervision ensure that written procedures have been adopted to prohibit equipment on both sides of the aisle from being open at the same time and licensed electrical practitioner or non-licensed electrical practitioner under the supervision of a licensed electrical practitioner who are authorized will service the installation. PREPARED BY: ENGR. DARWIN L. DE ASIS 20 IIEE SQC REE REVIEW PROGRAM 2019 10/11/2023 (2) Width of Working Space. The width of the working space in front of the electric equipment shall be the width of the equipment or 750 mm, whichever is greater. In all cases, the work space shall permit at least a 90 degree opening of equipment doors or hinged panels. (3) Height of Working Space. The work space shall be clear and extend from the grade, floor, or platform to the height required by 1.10.2.1(e). Within the height requirements of this section, other equipment that is associated with the electrical installation and is located above or below the electrical equipment shall be permitted to extend not more than 150 mm beyond the front of the electrical equipment. PREPARED BY: ENGR. DARWIN L. DE ASIS 21 IIEE SQC REE REVIEW PROGRAM 2019 10/11/2023 PREPARED BY: ENGR. DARWIN L. DE ASIS 22 IIEE SQC REE REVIEW PROGRAM 2019 10/11/2023 PREPARED BY: ENGR. DARWIN L. DE ASIS 23 IIEE SQC REE REVIEW PROGRAM 2019 10/11/2023 (b) Clear Spaces. Working space required by this section shall not be used for storage. When normally enclosed live parts are exposed for inspection or servicing, the working space, if in a passageway or general open space, shall be suitably guarded. PREPARED BY: ENGR. DARWIN L. DE ASIS 24 IIEE SQC REE REVIEW PROGRAM 2019 10/11/2023 (c) Entrance to Working Space. (1) Minimum Required. At least one entrance of sufficient area shall be provided to give access to working space about electrical equipment. (2) Large Equipment. For equipment rated 1 200 amperes or more that contains overcurrent devices, switching devices, or control devices, there shall be one entrance to the required working space not less than 600 mm wide and 2 000 mm high at each end of the working space. Where the entrance has a personnel door(s), the door(s) shall open in the direction of egress and be equipped with panic bars, pressure plates, or other devices that are normally latched but open under simple pressure. PREPARED BY: ENGR. DARWIN L. DE ASIS 25 IIEE SQC REE REVIEW PROGRAM 2019 10/11/2023 (d) Illumination. Illumination shall be provided for all working spaces about service equipment, switchboards, panelboards, or motor control centers installed indoors. Additional lighting outlets shall not be required where the work space is illuminated by an adjacent light source or as permitted by 2.10.3.21(a)(1), Exception No. 1, for switched receptacles. In electrical equipment rooms, the illumination shall not be controlled by automatic means only. PREPARED BY: ENGR. DARWIN L. DE ASIS 26 IIEE SQC REE REVIEW PROGRAM 2019 10/11/2023 (e) Headroom. The minimum headroom of working spaces about service equipment, switchboards, panelboards, or motor control centers shall be 2 000 mm. Where the electrical equipment exceeds 2 000 m in height, the minimum headroom shall not be less than the height of the equipment. Exception: In existing dwelling units, service equipment or panelboards that do not exceed 200 amperes shall be permitted in spaces where the headroom is less than 2 000 mm. (f) Dedicated Equipment Space. All switchboards, panelboards, distribution boards, and motor control centers shall be located in dedicated spaces and protected from damage. Exception: Control equipment that by its very nature or because of other rules of the Code must be adjacent to or within sight of its operating machinery shall be permitted in those locations. PREPARED BY: ENGR. DARWIN L. DE ASIS 27 IIEE SQC REE REVIEW PROGRAM 2019 10/11/2023 PREPARED BY: ENGR. DARWIN L. DE ASIS 28 IIEE SQC REE REVIEW PROGRAM 2019 10/11/2023 1.10.2.2 Guarding of Live Parts. (a)Live Parts Guarded Against Accidental Contact. Except as elsewhere required or permitted by this Code, live parts of electrical equipment operating at 50 volts or more shall be guarded against accidental contact by approved enclosures or by any of the following means: (1)By location in a room, vault, or similar enclosure that is accessible only to licensed electrical practitioner or non-licensed electrical practitioner under the supervision of a licensed electrical practitioner. (2) By suitable permanent, substantial partitions or screens arranged so that only licensed electrical practitioner or non-licensed electrical practitioner under the supervision of a licensed electrical practitioner have access to the space within reach of the live parts. Any openings in such partitions or screens shall be sized and located so that persons are not likely to come into accidental contact with the live parts or to bring conducting objects into contact with them. (3) By location on a suitable balcony, gallery, or platform elevated and arranged so as to exclude unqualified persons. (4) By elevation of 2 400 mm or more above the floor or other working surface. (b) Prevent Physical Damage. In locations where electric equipment is likely to be exposed to physical damage, enclosures or guards shall be so arranged and of such strength as to prevent such damage. (c) Warning Signs. Entrances to rooms and other guarded locations that contain exposed live parts shall be marked with conspicuous warning signs forbidding unqualified persons to enter. PREPARED BY: ENGR. DARWIN L. DE ASIS 29 IIEE SQC REE REVIEW PROGRAM 2019 10/11/2023 1.10.3 Over 600 Volts, Nominal 1.10.3.1 General. Conductors and equipment used on circuits over 600 volts, nominal, shall comply with Part 1.10.1 and with the following sections, which supplement or modify Part 1.10.1. In no case shall the provisions of this part apply to equipment on the supply side of the service point. 1.10.3.2 Enclosure for Electrical Installations. Electrical installations in a vault, room, or closet or in an area surrounded by a wall, screen, or fence, access to which is controlled by a lock(s) or other approved means, shall be considered to be accessible to licensed electrical practitioner or non-licensed electrical practitioner under the supervision of a licensed electrical practitioner only. The type of enclosure used in a given case shall be designed and constructed according to the nature and degree of the hazard(s) associated with the installation PREPARED BY: ENGR. DARWIN L. DE ASIS 30 IIEE SQC REE REVIEW PROGRAM 2019 10/11/2023 1.10.3.3 Work Space About Equipment. Sufficient space shall be provided and maintained about electric equipment to permit ready and safe operation and maintenance of such equipment. Where energized parts are exposed, the minimum clear work space shall not be less than 2 000 mm high (measured vertically from the floor or platform) or less than 900 mm wide (measured parallel to the equipment). The depth shall be as required in 1.10.3.5(a). In all cases, the work space shall permit at least a 90 degree opening of doors or hinged panels. 1.10.3.4 Entrance and Access to Work Space. (a) Entrance. At least one entrance not less than 600 mm wide and 2 000 mm high shall be provided to give access to the working space about electric equipment. Where the entrance has a personnel door(s), the door(s) shall open in the direction of egress and be equipped with panic bars, pressure plates, or other devices that are normally latched but open under simple pressure. (b) Access. Permanent ladders or stairways shall be provided to give safe access to the working space around electric equipment installed on platforms, balconies, or mezzanine floors or in attic or roof rooms or spaces. (a) Working Space. Except as elsewhere required or permitted in this Code, the minimum clear working space in the direction of access to live parts of electrical equipment shall not be less than specified in Table 1.10.3.5(a). Distances shall be measured from the live parts, if such are exposed, or from the enclosure front or opening if such are enclosed. PREPARED BY: ENGR. DARWIN L. DE ASIS 31 IIEE SQC REE REVIEW PROGRAM 2019 10/11/2023 PREPARED BY: ENGR. DARWIN L. DE ASIS 32 IIEE SQC REE REVIEW PROGRAM 2019 10/11/2023 1.10.3.7 Circuit Conductors. Circuit conductors shall be permitted to be installed in raceways; in cable trays; as metal- clad cable, as bare wire, cable, and busbars; or as Type MV cables or conductors as provided in 3.0.2.7, 3.0.2.9, 3.0.2.10, and 3.0.2.20. Bare live conductors shall conform with 4.90.2.4. 1.10.3.11 Temperature Limitations at Terminations. Conductors shall be permitted to be terminated based on the 90°C temperature rating and ampacity as given in Table 3.10.1.67 Through Table 3.10.1.86, unless otherwise identified PREPARED BY: ENGR. DARWIN L. DE ASIS 33