Chapter 1 Study Guide 1 (dragged) PDF
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Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine
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Summary
Chapter 1 Study Guide 1 (dragged) provides information about neutrophils and macrophages, which are both important components of the immune system. It highlights the differences in their origin, life span, responses to activating stimuli, phagocytosis, reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, degranulation, cytokine production, extracellular traps, secretion of lysosomal enzymes, and much more. The guide also talks about cell-mediated immunity and the roles of helper T cells and cytotoxic T cells in this process.
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Chapter 1 Feature 3 Neutrophils Derived from hematopoietic stem cells Origin (HSCs) in bone marrow Life Span in Short-lived, around 1–2 Tissues days Responses to Rapid, short-lived, with Activating Stimuli enzymatic activity Phagocytosis Reactive Oxygen Species Nitric Oxide Degranulation Cytok...
Chapter 1 Feature 3 Neutrophils Derived from hematopoietic stem cells Origin (HSCs) in bone marrow Life Span in Short-lived, around 1–2 Tissues days Responses to Rapid, short-lived, with Activating Stimuli enzymatic activity Phagocytosis Reactive Oxygen Species Nitric Oxide Degranulation Cytokine Production Extracellular Traps Secretion of Lysosomal Enzymes Rapid ingestion of microbes Rapidly induced by the assembly of phagocyte oxidase Low levels or none Major response induced by cytoskeletal rearrangement Low levels per cell, rapidly induced Induced by extrusion of nuclear contents Prominent Macrophages Derived from HSCs in bone marrow (inflammatory reactions). Tissue-resident macrophages originate from fetal liver yolk sac. Early development. Inflammatory macrophages: Days to weeks. Tissue-resident macrophages: Years. More prolonged, slower, often dependent on new gene transcription Prolonged ability to ingest microbes, apoptotic cells, tissue debris, and foreign material Less prominent Induced following transcriptional activation of iNOS Not prominent Major functional activity with large amounts per cell, requiring transcriptional activation of cytokine genes Little to none Less prominent • What types of microbes require clearance by cell-mediated immunity (CMI)? Phagocytosed microbes in macrophage • What role do Helper T cells and Cytotoxic T cells play in cell-mediated immunity? Helper T Cells: Elimination of phagocytosed microbes Cytotoxic T cells: Kill infected cells and eliminate reservoirs of infection.
