Medical Biophysics - Learning Materials (PDF)

 ‫بسن اللت الرحون‬ ‫الرحين‬ ‫السالم عليكن‬ ‫ورحوت اللت وبركاتت‬  ‫أ‪.‬م‪.‬د‪/‬هالت هصطفى احوذ‬ ‫بكليت العلىم الطبيت التطبيقيت‬ ‫الفيزياء الحيىيت الطبيت‬ ‫‪Medical Biophysics‬‬ ‫هيثاق الوحاضرة‬ ‫‪COVENANT‬‬ OVERALL AIMS OF COURSE: Aim of course is to provide the students with the...

 ‫بسن اللت الرحون‬ ‫الرحين‬ ‫السالم عليكن‬ ‫ورحوت اللت وبركاتت‬  ‫أ‪.‬م‪.‬د‪/‬هالت هصطفى احوذ‬ ‫بكليت العلىم الطبيت التطبيقيت‬ ‫الفيزياء الحيىيت الطبيت‬ ‫‪Medical Biophysics‬‬ ‫هيثاق الوحاضرة‬ ‫‪COVENANT‬‬ OVERALL AIMS OF COURSE: Aim of course is to provide the students with the principle knowledge about the optics, ultrasound, Magnetic resonance image , also this course will provide the students by the valuable information about the bio electromagnetism and nano medicine and different materials nano particles that will enable them to gain the skills in the field of experimental biophysics and so push them for constructing and developing a simple tools depending on that basic knowledge. ‫الفيزياء الحيىيت‬ ‫‪BIOPHYSICS‬‬ ‫هخرجاث التعلين الوستهذفت هن‬ ‫هقرر الفيزياء الحيىيت‬ ‫‪INTENDED LEARNING‬‬ ‫)‪OUTCOMES OF COURSE(ILO’S‬‬ INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES OF COURSE(ILO’S) 1-Define and describe the basic theory of medical biophysics. 2-Application of medical biophysics to the function of the human body in health and disease. 3-Identify electrical effects generated inside the body. 4-Know the forces of muscles are caused by the attraction and repulsion of electric charges. 5-Application of heat transfer INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES OF COURSE(ILO’S) 6-Know the mechanisms of thermal energy. 7-Identify ultrasound effects. 8-Application of laser in therapy 9-Know the meaning of the Low Level Laser Therapy 10-Know protection from internal &external Exposure dose from laser 11-Know the meaning of the electromagnetic effects generated inside the body. 12-Use the applications of electricity and magnetism to the surface of the body Distribution of Biophysics Syllabus First Term- First Year Weekly plan: 2 Hours ASSESSMENT SCHEDULE: Assessment 1: Quiz /end chapter(2-4)/week 5 Assessment 2:One search/half year/week 8 Assessment 3: Sheet practical exam/end practices/)/week 10 Assessment 4: midterm/midyear )/week 14 Assessment 5:Final exam/first term year)/week 17 WEIGHING OF ASSESSMENTS Final – Exam 60 % Mid-Term Exam 10 % Research 15 % Semester work 15 % Total 100 %  ‫نتيجت تقىين الطالب للوقرر‬ ‫‪%87.25‬‬ LEARNING MATERIALS 1-Text book: Title: Biophysics Authors: Roland , and Glaser 2-Useful Web sites: www.Science Biophysics.org www.Physics.auburn.edu www.yahoo.com/science/biophysics MEDICAL BIOPHYSICS Medical biophysics study that uses physics to describe biological process for the purpose of medical application -Medical imaging (e.g. magnetic resonance imaging MRI , -Positron emission tomography PET , -Oncology -Cancer diagnosis -Molecular imaging MEDICAL BIOPHYSICS Medical imaging are techniques and processes used to create images of the human body for clinical purposes (medical procedures , diagnose , anatomy and physiology. A magnetic resonance imaging instrument (MRI scanner) uses powerful magnets to polarise and excite hydrogen nuclei (single proton) in water molecules in human tissue, producing a detectable signal which is spatially encoded resulting in images of the body. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD  It involves the use of three kinds of electromagnetic field :  -very strong (of the order of units of teslas) static magnetic field to polarize the hydrogen nuclei, called the static field  -weaker time-varying (of the order of 1 kHz) for spatial encoding, called the gradient fields  -weak radio-frequency (RF) field for manipulation of the hydrogen nuclei to produce measurable signals, collected through an RF antenna. POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY (PET(  Positron emission tomography (PET) is primarily used to detect diseases of the brain and heart FUNDMENTAL FORCES -Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation Force Describing the gravitational attraction between bodies with mass. F is the magnitude of the gravitational force between the two point masses G is the gravitational constant m1 is the mass of the first point mass m2 is the mass of the second point mass r is the distance between the two masses. FUNDMENTAL FORCES  SI units , F is measured in newtons N m1 and m2 in kilograms kg r in metres m G = 6.67x10-11 N m2 kg-2 FUNDMENTAL FORCES Coulomb's Law. Coulomb's law is the magnitude of the electrostatic force between two electric charges is directly proportional to the product of the magnitudes of each charge and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the charges. FUNDMENTAL FORCES  K is the electric constant  r is the distance between the two charges  q1 is the charge one.  q2 is the charge two FUNDMENTAL FORCES SI units : F is measured in newtons N q1 and q2 in Coulombs C r in metres (m( Kc ≈ 9 x 109 Nm2C−2 SIMILARITIES BETWEEN ELECTROSTATIC AND GRAVITATIONAL FORCES 1-Both act in a vacuum. 2-Both are central and conservative. 3-Both obey an inverse-square law. 4-Both propagate with finite speed c DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ELECTROSTATIC AND GRAVITATIONAL FORCES 1-Electrostatic forces are much greater than gravitational forces. 2-Gravitational forces are attractive for like charges, whereas electrostatic forces are repulsive for like charges. 3-There are no negative gravitational charges (no negative mass) while there are both positive and negative electric charges. 4-Electric charge is invariant while relativistic mass isn't FUNDMENTAL FORCES Residual Strong Force Residual strong force (or nuclear force or nucleon-nucleon interaction) is the force between two or more nucleons. It is responsible for binding of protons and neutrons into atomic nuclei 3-Residual strong force is: a:It is responsible for binding of protons and.neutrons into atomic nuclei b:It is responsible for binding of protons and.electrons into atomic nuclei c:It is responsible for binding of protons and.protons into atomic nuclei d:It is responsible for binding of neutrons and neutrons into atomic nuclei Define each of the following: 1. Newton's law of universal gravitation force 2. Coulomb's Law 3. Medical imaging 4. Positron emission tomography (PET) 5. A magnetic resonance imaging 6. Musclar Force 7. Metabolic rate What are the differences between electrostatic and gravitational forces ? What are the similarities between electrostatic and gravitational forces ? ‫هيثاق أخالقياث الوهنت‬