Chapter 1 - Introduction to Zoology.pdf

Bio 23 General Zoology Introduction to Zoology Zoology ▪ ”zoon” (animal) + “logos” (to study) ➞ study of animals and animal kingdom ▪ Branches of zoology: animal group ▪ Branches of zoology: nature of study Characteristics of Animals ▪ Eukaryotic and multicellular ▪ Motile ▪...

Bio 23 General Zoology Introduction to Zoology Zoology ▪ ”zoon” (animal) + “logos” (to study) ➞ study of animals and animal kingdom ▪ Branches of zoology: animal group ▪ Branches of zoology: nature of study Characteristics of Animals ▪ Eukaryotic and multicellular ▪ Motile ▪ Heterotroph ▪ Complex tissues structures ▪ Sexual reproduction and development ▪ Body plan 4 Complex tissues ▪ Tissue – group of specialized cells to perform a common function ▪ Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissues 5  Fibrous connective tissue Stratified squamous epithelium Bone tissue Blood Skeletal muscle tissue Smooth muscle tissue Cardiac muscle tissue Nervous tissue Sexual reproduction and development ▪ Asexual reproduction - Reproduction without fusion of egg and sperm - Rely on mitosis Binary fission in sea anemone Photo by: Dr. Robert Berdan Budding in hydra (Hydra viridissima) Binary fission in sea anemone Parthenogenesis in bees (Apis mellifera) Sexual reproduction and development ▪ Sexual reproduction - Haploid cells combine to form diploid cell (zygote) - Produce offspring unidentical to parent  Variation in Patterns of Sexual Reproduction ▪ Hermaphrodism - Organism possesses both male and female reproductive systems - Each animal receives sperm during mating - e.g. mating in snails Photo by: Kazuki Kimura ▪ Sex Determination: Genetics ▪ Sex Determination: Environment Temperature-dependent sex determination in reptiles Body plan ▪ Asymmetrical – no patterns or symmetry ▪ Radial symmetry – longitudinal orientation ▪ Bilateral symmetry – vertical plane cut along an animals front to back Classification Features of Animals ▪ Body plan ▪ Embryonic development: □ Layers of tissue □ Presence or absence of coelom □ Fate of blastopore 18 Layers of tissue ▪ Diploblasts – endoderm and ectoderm ▪ Triploblast – endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm Presence or Absence of Coelom ▪ Coelom – internal body cavity derived from mesoderm Fate of the blastopore ▪ Blastopore - indentation formed during gastrulation ▪ Protostomes – “mouth first” ▪ Deuterostomes – “mouth second” (anus develops first) References: ▪ Books & book chapters Fowler, S., Roush, R., & Wise, J. (2013). “Features of the Animal Kingdom” in Concepts of Biology. OpenStax. Boundless. Animal Form and Function – Body Plans. (link) LibreTexts. Embryological Development. (link) Miller, S. A., & Harley, J. P. (2016). Zoology (10th ed). McGraw-Hill Education. OpenStax. Animal Reproductive Strategies. (link) Reece, J. B., Urry, L. A., Cain, M. L., Wasserman, S. A., Minorsky, P. V., & Jackson, R. B. (2011). Campbell Biology (9th ed). Pearson Education, Inc. ▪ Images Bedan, R. (2018). Photomicrography of Hydra [Photograph]. https://www.canadiannaturephotographer.com/hydra.html Encyclopedia Brittanica (n.d.) Honeybee sizes [Image]. https://www.britannica.com/animal/western- honeybee#/media/1/168556/108346 Kazuki, K. (n.d.) The hermaphroditic land snail at left points a sharp love dart at its mate [Photograph]. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/150310-snails-reproduction-sex-animals-science-evolution Klug, W. S., Cummings, M. R., Spencer, C. A., Palladino, M. A., & Killian, D. J. (2019). Concepts of Genetics (12th ed). Pearson Education, Inc. ▪ Videos Deep Look (2017). Everything You Never Wanted to Know About Snail Sex [Video]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UOcLaI44TXA&t=134s