Chapter 1.pdf

Chapter 1: Introduction Health informatics What is Health Informatics?  A discipline at the intersection of information science, computer science, and health care  Is the interdisciplinary study of the design, development, adoption and application of IT-based innovations in healthcar...

Chapter 1: Introduction Health informatics What is Health Informatics?  A discipline at the intersection of information science, computer science, and health care  Is the interdisciplinary study of the design, development, adoption and application of IT-based innovations in healthcare services delivery, management and planning.  Deals with the resources, devices, and methods required to optimize the acquisition, storage, retrieval, and use of information in health and biomedicine  Health Informatics is, in part, a mathematics and statistics based approach to understanding health information Application of health informatics  Translational Bioinformatics  Clinical Research Informatics  Clinical Informatics  Consumer Health Informatics  Public Health Informatics Translational Bioinformatics  Is the development of storage, analytic, and interpretive methods to optimize the transformation of increasingly voluminous biomedical data, and genomic data, into proactive, predictive, preventive, and participatory health.  Translational bioinformatics includes research on the development of novel techniques for the integration of biological and clinical data and the evolution of clinical informatics methodology to encompass biological observations.  The end product of translational bioinformatics is newly found knowledge from these integrative efforts that can be disseminated to a variety of stakeholders, including biomedical scientists, clinicians, and patients.  Clinical Research Informatics  Involves the use of informatics in the discovery and management of new knowledge relating to health and disease.  It includes management of information related to clinical trials and also involves informatics related to secondary research use of clinical data.  Clinical research informatics and translational bioinformatics are the primary domains related to informatics activities to support translational research  Clinical Informatics  Is the application of informatics and information technology to deliver healthcare services. At times, this has also been referred to as applied clinical informatics.  Clinical Informatics is concerned with information use in health care by clinicians.  Clinical informatics includes a wide range of topics ranging from clinical decision support to visual images (e.g. radiological, pathological, dermatological, ophthalmological, etc); from clinical documentation to provider order entry systems; and from system design to system implementation and adoption issues.  Consumer Health Informatics  Is the field devoted to informatics from multiple consumer or patient views. These include patient-focused informatics, health literacy and consumer education.  The focus is on information structures and processes that empower consumers to manage their own health--for example health information literacy, consumer-friendly language, personal health records, and Internet-based strategies and resources.  The shift in this view of informatics analyses consumers' needs for information; studies and implements methods for making information accessible to consumers; and models and integrates consumers' preferences into health information systems.  Consumer informatics stands at the crossroads of other disciplines, such as nursing informatics, public health, health promotion, health education, library science, and communication science.  Public Health Informatics  Is the application of informatics in areas of public health, including surveillance, reporting, and health promotion.  Public health informatics, and its corollary, population informatics, are concerned with groups rather than individuals.  Public health is extremely broad and might even reflect an interest in information technology with regard to ecology, architecture, climate, agriculture, and such. IT and information management  Information management (IM) concerns a cycle of organizational activity: the acquisition of information from one or more sources, the custodianship and the distribution of that information to those who need it, and its ultimate disposition through archiving or deletion.  Information management embraces all the generic concepts of management, including the planning, organizing, structuring, processing, controlling, evaluation and reporting of information activities, all of which is needed in order to meet the needs of those with organisational roles or functions that depend on information. IT and information management The information management knowledge areas  Information technology  Information system  Business processes and Business information  Business benefit  Business strategy IT and information management Information technology The pace of change of technology and the pressure to constantly acquire the newest technological products can undermine the stability of the infrastructure that supports systems, and thereby optimises business processes and delivers benefits. It is necessary to manage the “supply side” and recognise that technology is, increasingly, becoming a commodity. IT and information management Information system While historically information systems were developed in-house, over the years it has become possible to acquire most of the software systems that an organisation needs from the software package industry. However, there is still the potential for competitive advantage from the implementation of new systems ideas that deliver to the strategic intentions of organisations IT and information management Business processes and Business information Information systems are applied to business processes in order to improve them, and they bring data to the business that becomes useful as business information. Business process management is still seen as a relatively new idea because it is not universally adopted, and it has been difficult in many cases; business information management is even more of a challenge. IT and information management Business benefit What are the benefits that we are seeking? It is necessary what can be achieved, but also to ensure the active management and assessment of benefit delivery. IT and information management Business strategy issues of managing information in organisations, strategy in most organisations simply has to be informed by information technology and information systems opportunities, whether to address poor performance or to improve differentiation and competitiveness. Strategic analysis tools such as the value chain and critical success factor analysis are directly dependent on proper attention to the information that is (or could be) managed IT and information management IT and information management Prior informatics concept of simple data displays Building health information system Managing health information - Planning and decision making  Key issues  Ensuring the privacy and security of data  identification of consumers practitioners  Standards and infrastructure  systems and application interoperability an integration  the provisional of timely access to quality data for use in clinical decision-making, policy, planning and research Youtube link intro to health informatics https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oWHHhcW-Thw intro to health care informatics https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5GuOksubpSI