Nutrition and Diet Therapy (LEC) - PDF

NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY Lyceum of the Philippines University – Batangas Bachelor of Science in Nursing Level 2 – 1st Semester – A.Y. 2024 - 2025 INTRODUCTION: BASIC NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY DEFINITION OF TERMS Basal Me...

NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY Lyceum of the Philippines University – Batangas Bachelor of Science in Nursing Level 2 – 1st Semester – A.Y. 2024 - 2025 INTRODUCTION: BASIC NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY DEFINITION OF TERMS Basal Metabolism - measure of energy needed by the body at rest for all its internal chemical activities. FNRI-DOST FOOD Food and Nutrition Research Institute-Department of Science and Technology Any substance, organic or inorganic, that nourishes the It provides the technical expertise on food processing, body by building, repairing tissue, supplying heat and consultancy services, quality control and packaging of energy, and regulating bodily processes. product, design of plant layout, and setting up of food processing plant. NUTRITION NDAP The study of food in relation to health and how the body makes use of it. Nutritionist - Dietitians Associations of the Not only concern with the quantity and quality of the Philippines foods but by how food is received and utilized. It is a dynamic organization of professionals in the field Process by which food is taken into and used by the of nutrition and dietetics and other allied disciplines. body and it includes digestion, absorption, It has the vision of being a vital partner in ensuring food transportation, and metabolism. and nutrition security. The basic function of nutrition is to maintain life by allowing ORGANIC COMPOUNDS an individual to grow and be in a state of optimum health. It is composed of protein, lipids, carbohydrates, and NUTRITION AS A SCIENCE AS APPLIED TO vitamins. NURSING CARE INORGANIC COMPOUNDS 1. It prevents occurrence of diseases or illnesses. 2. Adapting food patterns based on individual nutritional It is composed of water and minerals. needs and within the framework of their cultural, BMR economic, and psychological situation and style. 3. Awareness on the need in specified disease states to Basal Metabolic Rate modify nutritional factors for therapeutic purpose. The rate of basal metabolism in a given person at a NUTRIENTS given time and situation. DBW They are chemical substances found in food. ROLE OF NUTRIENTS Desirable Body Weight The measure of energy needed by the body at rest for To provide heat and energy. all its internal chemical activities. To build and repair body tissues. RDA To regulate body processes. SCOPE OF NUTRITION: Recommended Dietary Allowance The levels of intake of essential nutrients that, on the 1. Basic or Fundamental Nutrition basis of scientific knowledge, are judged by the Food - A study of the physiologic needs in terms of and Nutrition Board to be adequate to meet the known specific nutrients. nutrient needs of practically all healthy persons. 2. Nutrition in Growth & Development of Child & Maternal Nutrition KCAL - A study of nutritional principles and application throughout the life cycle or on infancy, childhood, Kilogram Calorie pregnancy and lactation, the most vulnerable The amount of energy required to raise 1 kilogram (kg) groups. of water by 1º C. Copyrights © Basic Nutrition and Diet Therapy (2nd Edition) NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY Lyceum of the Philippines University – Batangas Bachelor of Science in Nursing Level 2 – 1st Semester – A.Y. 2024 - 2025 3. Dietetics or Therapeutic Nutrition 3. ACCORDING TO ESSENTIALITY - The adequacy of nutrient intake and diet to meet the individual’s needs under normal or The physiological role in the body. pathological conditions. The concentration of a nutrient is not related to its 4. Clinical or Medical Nutrition importance. - A study of the effects on the body when the E.g. 5 mcg is as important as 50 mg of vitamin C or 59 nutrition needs are not meet or when there is mg of protein. excessive intake. - Specialized fields under this are: Dietary Essentials - Human Nutrition - essential or indispensable nutrients - Animal Nutrition - should be supplied in the diet - Plant Nutrition - body does not synthesize these nutrients 5. Other Areas of Specialization Semi-Essentials - The study nutrition is interrelated with allied fields - reduces the need for a particular nutrient or since nutrition is a science as well as an art. partially spares it - e.g. Cystine can reduce the need for methionine, CLASSIFICATION OF NUTRIENTS but it cannot completely replace it biochemically. 1. ACCORDING TO FUNCTION Cystine are amino acids that are found in digestive enzyme, in Body Building cells of immune system, in skeletal and connective tissues, skin, and hair. - structural components of the body, forms tissues Methionine is an essential amino acid in humans. It plays a - includes water, protein, fat, carbohydrates and critical role in the metabolism of many species, including human. minerals Furnish Energy Non-Dietary Essentials - yielding energy - non-essential, also called dispensable nutrients - carbohydrates, fats, and protein - it can be synthesized by the body as long as the Regulate Body Processes materials in the body are adequate - all six major group of nutrients 4. ACCORDING TO CONCENTRATION SIX MAJOR NUTRIENTS Termed as the macronutrients or micronutrients. Carbohydrates, Fats, Protein - Major organic nutrients which are broken down to Macronutrients supply energy. - present in relatively large amounts in the body Vitamins, Minerals, and Water - e.g. Water, Fats, Protein, and Carbohydrates - Taken in the body without being broken down. o water – 2/3 or 60% of the body - Helps regulate circulation, respiration, digestion, o fat – 1/5 or 20% and elimination. o protein – 1/5 or 20% Micronutrients 2. ACCORDING TO CHEMICAL NATURE - vitamins and trace minerals Organic Substances QUALITIES OF GOOD FOOD - carbon containing compounds except carbonate and cyanide Nourishes or Nutritious - e.g. Protein, Lipids, Carbohydrates, and Vitamins It has satiety value. Inorganic Substances Prepared under sanitary conditions, aesthetically and - non carbon containing compounds scientifically. - e.g. Minerals and Water Free from toxic agents. Palatability satisfies the consumer. Offers variety and planned within socio-economic context. 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