Brief History of Production Management PDF

Brief History of Production Management  Prehistoric Ages Food production and processing Crude processing –slaughtering –fermenting –sun drying –preserving with salt; & –various types of cooking (i.e. roasting, smoking, steaming, and oven baking) In Egypt… M...

Brief History of Production Management  Prehistoric Ages Food production and processing Crude processing –slaughtering –fermenting –sun drying –preserving with salt; & –various types of cooking (i.e. roasting, smoking, steaming, and oven baking) In Egypt… Most of the preservation used in Egypt focused on grains and cereals. Storage facilities were located throughout communities for distribution. In Mesopotamia… Evidence of ration lists, food distributions and granary inventories.  IMPROVED REFRIGERATION MECHANIZATION OF FOOD PROCESSING INVENTION OF NEW PACKAGING MATERIALS NEW PROMOTIONAL TECHNIQUES  Large corporations produced processed food Grocery stores became main site for food distribution Foods in large quantities were produced far from consumers and made available for longer periods during the year.  Rapid growth in population dramatically raised the demand for food. Expansion of trade built up a profitable niche in export of foods.  1776: Adam Smith recognized the economic benefits of specialization of labor Breakdown of jobs into subtasks  Division of Labor Adam Smith – The Wealth of Nations, 1993 Division of labor is limited by the extent of the market Labor was the original exchange “money” for all commodities  The late 19th century was dominated by three major industries: flour, sugar and dairy products.  Early 20th century: Frederick W. Taylor – “Father of scientific management” implemented Smith’s theories and developed scientific management  involved breaking down each job into component parts, timing each part and rearranging the parts into the most efficient method of working Taylor transformed management, which was essentially an oral tradition, into a set of calculated and written techniques.  Production management becomes the acceptable term from 1930s to 1950s.  Henry L. Gantt – Scheduling techniques for employees, machines jobs in manufacturing  1980’s: W.E. Deming and J. Juran - Quality and productivity applications from Japan: robotics, CAD- CAM (computer aided design/manufacturing)  Recent Developments Global Marketplace – opened borders for trade – ASEAN Economic Community (AEC)  Operations Strategy  Total Quality Management – key approaches include a team approach, finding and eliminating problems, emphasis on serving the customer and continuously working to improve the system.  Flexibility – the ability to adapt quickly to changes in volume of demand, in the mix of products demanded, product design, has a major competitive factor.  Time Reduction  Technology – technological advances in new materials, new methods and new equipment  Worker Involvement – recognition of the knowledge of workers about the production process and the contributions they can make to improve the production system.