Chapter 1 and 2.pdf

GETTING STARTED Learning Web Design: Chapter 1 and Chapter 2 Lesson Overview ⦿ What is the Internet? ⦿ History of the Internet ⦿ Anatomy of a Web Page ⦿ What is the Web Made Of? ⦿ Careers in Web Development ⦿ Web-Related Languages ⦿ Where Do I Start? The Internet...

GETTING STARTED Learning Web Design: Chapter 1 and Chapter 2 Lesson Overview ⦿ What is the Internet? ⦿ History of the Internet ⦿ Anatomy of a Web Page ⦿ What is the Web Made Of? ⦿ Careers in Web Development ⦿ Web-Related Languages ⦿ Where Do I Start? The Internet ⦿ Internet = A network of networks ⦿ No company or government owns the Internet ⦿ Many ways to share information between computers ⦿ The World Wide Web is a subset of the Internet World Wide Web ⦿ The communication protocol of the WWW is HTTP = Hypertext Transfer Protocol ⦿ The web is a visual medium that combines text and graphics ⦿ Information is presented to the user via a web page ⦿ Does not mean: “Whistle while you wait”  A Brief History of the Internet ⦿ 1969 The Internet began as ARPANET ⚫ US Department of Defense funded the project ⚫ They wanted a way to insure the transfer of information between servers if there were a nuclear attack ⦿ 1972 First electronic mail sent ⦿ 1989 brought the advent of the WWW ⚫ Tim Berners-Lee proposed hypertext to link related documents - The Invention of WWW (Youtube) ⚫ First web pages were text only ⦿ 1993 First graphical Web Browser- Mosiac ⦿ 1997 The term “weblog” is coined, later shortened to “blog.” ⦿ 2012 – Over 7 billion Internet users and over 367 billion web sites (www.internetworldstats.com) Who Controls the Web? ⦿ No single entity controls the Web ⦿ Two organizations have an influence over the direction of the Web ⚫ The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) based at MIT ○ They help set up the standards and enforce rules for the Web, www.w3.org ⚫ Browser developers like Microsoft and Mozilla ○ Constantly add new features to their browsers, often in conflict with each other and the work of the W3C The Web Attracts Business ⦿ The early Internet was a community of research institutions and government agencies ⦿ E-Commerce technologies have allowed businesses to conduct transactions in a somewhat secure manner on the Web ⦿ Many companies still keep their most private information on intranets where they can make use of Web technologies The Web is Graphical ⦿ Browsers allow the presentation of both text and graphics in color on the same page ⦿ The Web is really a hypermedia system ⚫ Images ⚫ Sound ⚫ Video ⚫ Animation ⚫ Text and Hypertext Source: http://www.learnthenet.com/english/html/14wbpganat.htm Anatomy of a Web Page ⦿ A web page is an electronic document written in a computer language called HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) ⦿ When you surf the WWW, web pages are displayed in a web browser ⦿ Web pages on a site are linked together through a system of hyperlinks, enabling you to jump between them by clicking on a link Viewing Source Code index.html This is my Main Page This is some text. This is a link to Page 1 This is a link to Page 2 Source: http://www.learnthenet.com/english/html/14wbpganat.htm  Viewing Source Code (continued) HTML pages contain: HTML tags and plain text The code of the web page is stored as an ASCII text file with either the.htm or.html file extension You can view the source code by: opening the file in a text editor from the browser: View->Source  URL- Uniform Resource Locator ⦿ Resources are found on the Web through an address or location known as a URL ⦿ The URL is made up of three parts: ⚫ The protocol: http, ftp, news etc. ⚫ The site name ⚫ The absolute path http://daytona.raceway.com/home/race.html protocol site name absolute path Default Files ⦿ When the server receives a request for a web page with just the directory name, it looks for a default document ⦿ Default filenames are usually ⚫ index.htm ⚫ index.html ⦿ The “i” must be lowercase to act as default file ⦿ For security reasons, every directory should have a default file – prevents snooping What is the Web Made Of? ⦿ Your personal computer ⦿ Web browser software ⦿ A connection to an Internet Service Provider (ISP) ⦿ Servers that host the data ⦿ Routers and switches to control the flow of the data Source: http://www.learnthenet.com/english/section/www.html Web Servers ⦿ To publish pages on the Web you need a Web Server ⦿ This is a program that responds to requests for files from a browser ⦿ The server accepts the connection, sends contents of the file, and then closes the connection What the Browser Does ⦿ A user working on a computer (client) machine sends a request across the Internet to a Web Server ⦿ The Web Server finds the requested page and sends the information back to the Client ⦿ The Client uses an application called a Browser to display the page Chrome ⦿ free, open-source web browser developed by Google ⦿ released in 2008 ⦿ grown to be one of the most popular browsers today (52,7% of browser market as of April 2013 (w3schools.com/browsers) Mozilla Firefox ⦿ In 1998, Netscape freed up the source code for their web browser ⦿ The Mozilla foundation is the independent, non-profit organization that support modifications to Firefox ⦿ Firefox is second to Chrome as a dominant web browser; 27.9% of browser market as of April 2013 (w3schools.com/browsers) Microsoft Internet Explorer ⦿ Most popular browser, newest version IE8 ⦿ This browser is built into all the current versions of Microsoft Windows ⦿ Also runs on Macintosh and UNIX platforms ⦿ As of April 2013, 12.7% market share ⦿ Free download available from Microsoft’s Web site Safari ⦿ This browser was created by Apple Inc. and first released in January 2003 ⦿ Version of Safari for Windows was released in 2007 ⦿ As of July 2009, had 4% browser market ⦿ Key features: tabbed browsing, support CSS3, spell-checking ⦿ Can be downloaded for free from http://www.apple.com/safari/download/ What do I need to learn? ⦿ Web design is a catch-all term for the process that encapsulates a number of disciplines: ⚫ Graphic design ⚫ User Interface design ⚫ Information design ⚫ HTML production ⚫ Programming ⚫ Multimedia Careers in Web Development ⦿ People of all backgrounds are becoming interested in learning about Web design: ⚫ Print designers evolving their expertise to Web design ⚫ Secretaries and office staff given Web development responsibilities ⚫ Programmers moving into Web programming ⚫ Graphic designers lending their talents to Web development teams ⚫ Information engineers designing information presentation and data gathering via the Web Graphic Designers ⦿ Make decisions about everything that is seen on the Web page ⚫ Color ⚫ Typography – Font sizes, styles and colors ⚫ Graphics ⚫ Page Layout ⚫ Might require some formal training if you want to design commercial sites Interface Designers ⦿ Focus on how the Web page works ⚫ Usability is a key issue ⚫ Create methods for how things are done: buttons, menus, navigation links etc. ⚫ Often have background in software design ⚫ Requires a combination of personal research, experience, and common sense Information Designers ⦿ Focus on the organization of content and how you get to it: ⚫ Also called information architects ⚫ Use flowcharts and diagrams ⚫ Might have a background in database design and data modeling ⚫ Some have background in library science Programmers ⦿ Enhance web pages with advanced functionality ⚫ Write scripts ⚫ Programs ⚫ Applications ⚫ Database interactivity ⚫ Server ⦿ Some have background in Computer Science ⦿ Some are self-taught Web-Related Languages ⦿ HTML ⦿ Style Sheets (CSS) ⦿ JavaScript,VBScript ⦿ DHTML ⦿ CGI Scripting HTML ⦿ Hypertext Markup Language ⚫ The language used to write web pages ⚫ Evolving to XHTML ○ Enhanced Hypertext Markup Language ⚫ Everyone working with web development needs a background in HTML ⚫ Once you learn the basics, using development tools will be easier Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) ⦿ Allow you greater control over text and page formatting ⦿ Styles can be reused to define a “look and feel” standard for a site ⦿ Won’t work consistently on all browsers ⦿ Will gain in popularity JavaScript ⦿ A scripting language ⦿ Not Java ⦿ These program instructions can be inserted into a web page to add functionality ⚫ Mouse-Overs ⚫ Form Validation ⚫ Pop-up windows or menus ⚫ Changing behaviors ⦿ Many professional web authoring tools generate JavaScript for you ⦿ It is helpful to have a programming background Summary ⦿ Web design is a very broad field of study ⦿ This class covers just the tip of the iceberg: ⚫ HTML5 ⚫ CSS ⚫ Web Graphics ⚫ Templates ⚫ Website Management ⦿ Afterward… Find your own niche