The Rediscovery of Ferdinand Magellan of the Philippines PDF

The Rediscovery of Ferdinand Magellan of the Philippines Readings in the Philippine History Mark Kevin J. Gorospe Age of Exploration Age of Exploration Europe ✓1415-1620 ✓European sea captains found a water route to India ✓Sailed around the world for the first time ✓Brought t...

The Rediscovery of Ferdinand Magellan of the Philippines Readings in the Philippine History Mark Kevin J. Gorospe Age of Exploration Age of Exploration Europe ✓1415-1620 ✓European sea captains found a water route to India ✓Sailed around the world for the first time ✓Brought the knowledge of two new continents to Europe Western Europe Expands ✓Europeans seek gold and spices ✓Merchants acquire power and influence ✓Prince Henry of Portugal encourages exploration ✓Portugal leads in knowledge about the seas  Treaty of Tordesillas ✓Pope Alexander VI decided to divide the world ✓Trying to prevent disputes between Spain and Portugal ✓Portugal was to have the lands to the east of the line ✓Spain = Westwards ✓To gain access to the ✓Spice Islands, it was necessary for Spain to find a western route to avoid sailing through Portuguese territory Marco Polo ✓ He introduced Asia to Europe ✓ Europeans had long been attracted to Asia. In the late 19th century ✓ Marco Polo traveled with his father and uncle to the Chinese court of the great Mongol ruler Kublai Khan. ✓ He had written an account of his experiences, known as “The Travels.” ✓ His books were read by many explorers, including Christopher Columbus, who were fascinated by the exotic East. ✓ Economic motives loom large in European expansion. ✓ It showed that Asia is rich in spices that are needed in Europe for preservations. Ferdinand Magellan He landed in the Philippine Islands he called Islas de San Lazarus ✓Portuguese Navigator but served Spain under Spain’s ruler King Charles I/V ✓Charles finance his expedition to explore the Pacific Ocean and its islands in 1519 ✓Charles gave him FIVE ships and 265 men on board ✓ Trinidad (Head Ship), San Antonio, Concepcion (Smallest Ship), Victoria, and Santiago ✓bring in large profits from the lucrative spice trade ✓set sail from the port of Seville on September 20, 1519 ✓He is with Antonio Pigafetta, the assigned chronicler ✓Enrique de Malacca – interpreter/translator Ferdinand Magellan Three Reasons for Magellan’s Expedition 1. Look for the Spice Island 2. Prove that the world is round, not flat 3. To circumnavigate the world 3 Gs God - Christianity Glory – Expand Trade (spices and precious metals) Gold - Expand power The Pacific Ocean ✓Emerging into the “Great South Sea,” Magellan found it so calm that he called it “Mar Pacifico” - the “peaceful sea. ✓Though many sailors died, two ships at last reached the Philippine islands, southeast of the Asian mainland. Struggles of Magellan on board ✓While anchored for the winter in St. Julian Bay in Patagonia, Magellan’s crew mutinied, led by Juan de Cartegna, Gaspar Quesada, and Antonio de Coca ✓ The expedition ran into further hardship when they lost the ship Santiago on an exploring expedition ✓ the crew sailed for three months and twenty days without finding any food, leaving many men malnourished and ill ✓ Powdered biscuits with worms ✓ Yellow water putrid for many days ✓ Ox hid at the top of the mainyard ✓ Rats costs one-half ducado (gold) ✓ Gums of both upper and lower teeth of some men swelled that caused to their death Ferdinand Magellan He landed in the Philippine Islands he called Islas de San Lazarus ✓Portuguese Navigator but served Spain under Spain’s ruler King Charles I/V ✓Charles finance his expedition to explore the Pacific Ocean and its islands in 1519 ✓Charles gave him FIVE ships and 265 men on board ✓ Trinidad (Head Ship), San Antonio, Concepcion, Victoria, and Santiago (Smallest Ship) ✓bring in large profits from the lucrative spice trade ✓He reached the Philippine Islands on March 16, 1521 – Zamal (Samar)  ✓March 17, 1521 – their captain-general desired to land at Humunu (Homonhon) and which he named, Acquada da li buoni Magellan and the Segnialli (“the Watering-place of Good Signs) and later the entire group of island as Natives of Philippines Archepalago of St. Lazaro ✓ FIRST CATHOLIC MASS by Fr. Pedro Valderama Chieftains: ✓Rajah Colambu – Mazaua/Limasawa ✓Raia Siaui (Raja Siagu) – king of Butuan (Both of them kissed the cross and prayed with the crew) ✓Raia Humabon – Zubu/Cebu ✓Raia Cilapulapu and Raia Zula – Matan/Mactan  ✓March 18, 1521 – they met and exchanged goods with our ancestor from the island of Zuluan Magellan and the ✓March 25, 1521 – they weight anchored and changed course toward west- Natives of Philippines southwest ✓March 28, 1521 - they anchored near the island of Mazaua (Limasawa) and they met the king who came to balanghai ✓March 29, 1521 (Holy Friday) – they finally met the king who entered their ship ✓March 31, 1521 (Easter Sunday) –they went ashore to say mass and set up cross on the summit of the mountain ✓April 7, 1521 (Sunday) – they entered he port of Zubu (Cebu) Other Activities ✓ Monday – their notary together with their interpreter went ashore to meet with the king of Zubu ✓ Tuesday – the king of Mazaua and later the prince of Zubu went aboard their ship ✓ Wednesday – they consecrated the place and buried their two dead crews ✓ Friday – they showed our ancestors with ✓ different merchandise ✓ April 14, 1521 (Sunday) – they baptized our ancestors from Zubu and few from neighboring islands ✓ April 26, 1521 (Friday) – Raia Zula came to seek help to fight the other chief of Matan, Cilapulapu ✓ April 27/28, 1521 (Saturday) – the Spaniards wave ashore on the island of Matan and fighting commenced between them and the men of Raia Cilapulapu and led to the death of Magallanes ✓ May 1, 1521 (Wednesday) – 21 Spaniards were massacred by the Zubuanos thus forcing the remaining Spaniards to depart Zubu immediately – they raped the female natives  Cilapulapu ✓ Chief Zula was in an alliance with Lapu- Lapu and went to lure Magellan into a trap; ✓ On April 26, a chief named Zulu came to pay however, the more likely motivation is that tribute to the Spanish but claimed he was Zula wanted Magellan to defeat Lapu- prohibited because of Chief Lapu-Lapu of Lapu because they were rivals. Mactan Island, who would not subject himself to the Spanish. ✓ FM sent men to burn houses in the village which served to further enrage the native warriors ✓ On April 27, 1521 Magellan and forty-nine of his men waded onto the shores of Mactan to face Lapu-Lapu, having refused an offer of aid from Rajah Humabon, in order to show the natives the power of the Spanish. ✓ LapuLapu’s men – around 1,000 to 1,500 armed with arrows and bamboo spears ✓ Lapulapu – first Filipino Hero After the death of F.M. and the leadership of Juan Sebastian Elcano ✓The master of ship “Concepcion” took over the command of the expedition after the death of FM and captained the ship “Victoria” back to Spain. ✓He and his men including Antonio Pigafetta earned the distinction of being the first to circumnavigate the world in one full journey Importance of Expedition of Magellan ✓ Considered as one of the most important voyages in all of history. The expedition proved that the world was indeed round and that there were places in the East to explore and conquer. ✓The Pigafetta document gave a detailed chronicle of the significant events of the exploration of Ferdinand Magellan. ✓It provided a description, location, and distances of the places visited thereby enhancing the knowledge of cartography at that time. ✓The chronicle contributed immensely to European historiography because it preserved and popularized the achievements of the Magellan-Elcano expedition. Expeditions to the Philippines after Magellan ✓ Garcia Jofre Loaisa – 1525 ✓Sabastian Cabot – 1526 ✓Alvaro de Saavedra – 1527 ✓Rudy Lopes de Villalobos – 1542 ✓Miguel Lopez de Legazpi - 1564 Note: Only Legazpi succeeded to enter and colonized the Philippines Miguel Lopez de Legazpi and the Spanish Colonization ✓Spanish colonization and settlement began with the arrival of Miguel Lopez de Legazpi in 1565 and established the first permanent settlement of San Miguel on the Island of Cebu. ✓The Philippines was colonized for 333 years (1565-1898) Why the Philippines fell to Spain? ✓ The Filipinos were not united ✓ The Spaniards had a great Leader – Legazpi ✓ The Spaniards had a supreme weapon ✓ The Filipinos became Christians Missionary Orders the Philippines ✓ Augustinians ✓ Franciscans ✓ Jesuits Friars ✓ Dominicans ✓ Recollects ✓ Benedictines Spanish Rules and Policies in the Philippines ✓ Encomienda – Land given to the conquestadores ✓ Encomendero – Owner of the Encomienda in the Encomienda ✓ Royal Audiencia – Supreme Court ✓ Visitador – Checker of the Gov. Gen from Mexico ✓ Resedencia – Checker of the Gov. Gen stays in the Philippines Spanish Rules and Policies in the Philippines ✓ Ayuntamiento – Cities headed by Alcalde Ordinario ✓ Corregimiento – Provinces with revolution headed by Corregidores ✓ Alcaldia – Peaceful provinces headed by Alcalde Mayor ✓ Barangay – Headed by Cabeza de Barangay ✓ Reduccion – forced relocation or resettlement ✓ Pueblo – Town headed by Gobernadorcillo Spanish Rules and Policies in the Philippines ✓ Gov.Gen Sebastian Hurtado de Corcuera, 17th Century ✓ Bandala – Taxation, direct taxes implemented which the natives were coerced to sell their products to the Spanish government at very low prices ✓ Tributo – tax; sign of loyalty to the king of Spain, bet 16-60 yrs old. ✓ Bolito – Ticket to Galleon trade – exchange product from Manila to Acapulco, Mexico Spanish Rules and Policies in the Philippines ✓ Polo Y Servicio – 40 days of forced labor for a year for men ✓ Polista – men doing polo ✓ Falla – payment to be exempted from Polo Spanish Rules and Policies in the Philippines ✓ Doctrina Cristiana – first published book in the Philippines during the time of Spanish ✓ Del Superior Govierno – first newspaper in the Philippines during the time of Spanish Social Class in the Philippines ✓ Peninsulares – pure Spanish born in Spain ✓ Insulares – pure Spanish born in the Philippines ✓ Creole – Half Spanish, half Indio or Chinese ✓ Principalia – Noble Class Filipinos ✓ Ilustrado – Middle-class Filipinos who studied or lived in Europe ✓ Indio – pure Filipino Significant Spanish Governor-Generals in the Philippines ✓ Legazpi – First Gov.Gen in the Philippines ✓ Jose Basco – Tobacco Monopoly ✓ Narciso Claveria – surnames for collecting taxes ✓ Carlos Maria dela Torre – best Gov.Gen ✓ Ramon Blanco – Martial Law ✓ Rafael Izquierdo – execution of GOMBURZA ✓ Camilo Polavieja – execution of Jose Rizal ✓ Diego de los Rios – last gov.gen in the Philippines Thank you!