JTO Phase-II IT - Net Neutrality and Google Caching Services PDF

JTO Phase-II IT Net Neutrality and Google Caching Services 6 NET NEUTRALITY AND GOOGLE CACHING SERVICES 6.1 LEARNING OBJECTIVE After completion of this chapter participants will able to understand:  Basic Concept of Ne...

JTO Phase-II IT Net Neutrality and Google Caching Services 6 NET NEUTRALITY AND GOOGLE CACHING SERVICES 6.1 LEARNING OBJECTIVE After completion of this chapter participants will able to understand:  Basic Concept of Net Neutrality  Pros and Cons of Net Neutrality  NRA Role in Net Neutrality  Basic of Google Caching Services  BSNL Caching Plan 6.2 INTRODUCTION Network neutrality, most commonly called net neutrality, is the principle that Internet service providers (ISPs) must treat all Internet communications equally, and not discriminate or charge differently based on user, content, website, platform, application, type of equipment, source address, destination address, or method of communication Figure 29: Traffic Prioritization JTO Phase –II DNIT Version 1.0 Sep 2021 Page 69 of 167 For Restricted Circulation JTO Phase-II IT Net Neutrality and Google Caching Services Figure 30: Net Neutrality v/s Non Net Neutrality  Net neutrality broadly refers to the principle that all Internet traffic should be treated equally.  Neutrality claim that telecommunication companies seek to impose a tiered service model in order to control the pipeline and thereby remove competition, create artificial scarcity, and oblige subscribers to buy their otherwise uncompetitive services.  Opponents of net neutrality regulation also argue that the best solution to discrimination by broadband providers is to encourage greater competition among such providers, which is currently limited in many areas. Network neutrality has taken on various meanings, such as in the European Union where it is defined as: The ability of all Internet end-users “… to access and distribute information or run applications and services of their choice.” Traffic “… should be treated equally, without discrimination, restriction or interference, independent of the sender, receiver, type, content, device, service or application.” Absence of unreasonable discrimination on the part of network operators in transmitting Internet traffic. JTO Phase –II DNIT Version 1.0 Sep 2021 Page 70 of 167 For Restricted Circulation JTO Phase-II IT Net Neutrality and Google Caching Services Figure 31: Basic Concept of Net Neutrality Figure 32: Basic Concept of Net Neutrality JTO Phase –II DNIT Version 1.0 Sep 2021 Page 71 of 167 For Restricted Circulation JTO Phase-II IT Net Neutrality and Google Caching Services Figure 33: End to End Internet Connectivity 6.3 DEGRADATION OF INTERNET SERVICE Traffic management mechanisms are used by ISPs to optimize the flow of traffic within their networks. Traffic management can be used to implement both limiting measures (such as blocking and throttling) and enabling measures (such as routing and traffic forwarding). Congestion is the situation met in IP networks when traffic increases to a level at which routers run out of buffer space and are forced to start dropping some IP packets, which typically occurs randomly. Network security and integrity is the protection against externally or internally caused malfunctioning. TWO TYPES OF DEGRADATION OF INTERNET SERVICE Degradation of Internet access service (IAS) as a whole-degradation of IAS as a whole, where monitoring the service quality, either proactively or reactively Degradation of Internet access service with regard to individual applications- individual applications are differentiated in the access part, which may result in congestion and hence require traffic managem ent, and/or network security and integrity protection. In this regard, traffic management mechanisms are used by ISPs to optimize the flow of traffic within their networks When degradation of services by an ISP is noticed, the regulatory authority may intervene and consider imposing minimum QoS requirements. The basic approach to this would be to require the ISP to improve service quality until degradation is eliminated. JTO Phase –II DNIT Version 1.0 Sep 2021 Page 72 of 167 For Restricted Circulation JTO Phase-II IT Net Neutrality and Google Caching Services Figure 34: Degradation of Internet service 6.4 NETWORK NEUTRALITY BUSINESS ASPECTS Growth in fixed Internet traffic is driven more by the increasing volumes of data being used by each subscriber rather than an increase in the number of subscribers. Whereas growth in mobile data traffic is driven by an increase in the number of subscribers, it is not just the increase in connections which has driven higher traffic. Increased take-up is led by a combination of factors – the availability of powerful mobile devices, fast mobile networks and the ever-growing availability of Internet content and applications (many of which are mobile-specific) providing the means for consumers to download and upload an increasing quantity of data. However, while overall data traffic is increasing, the growth rate of traffic is declining over time for fixed and mobile networks. JTO Phase –II DNIT Version 1.0 Sep 2021 Page 73 of 167 For Restricted Circulation JTO Phase-II IT Net Neutrality and Google Caching Services Figure 35: 3 sides of Net Neutrality 6.5 ROLE OF THE NRA (NATIONAL REGULATORY AUTHORITY) IN THE REGULATION There is no need for intervention when there is good availability of Internet access service offers with satisfactory quality (i.e. without degradation) at a reasonable price, and the possibility and ease of switching is sufficient. But if not NRA should intervene and ensure the QoS. Figure 36: Role of the NRA 6.6 GOOGLE CACHING SRVICES Google Cache contains the snapshot of the raw HTML that Googlebot received from your server. Then the HTML captured by Google is rendered by your browser. The idea behind Google storing cached pages is simple: it lets users browse a page when the page is down or in the event of a temporary timeout. JTO Phase –II DNIT Version 1.0 Sep 2021 Page 74 of 167 For Restricted Circulation JTO Phase-II IT Net Neutrality and Google Caching Services CacheService allows you to access a cache for short term storage of data. This class lets you get a specific cache instance. Public caches are for things that are not dependent on which user is accessing your script.... The data you write to the cache is not guaranteed to persist until its expiration time. Google keeps webpages in their cache for about 90 days, or until the page is crawled again. What's the easiest way to see a cached version of a webpage? The easiest way to see a cached version of a webpage is to type cache: in Chrome browser and add the URL with no space between the colon and the URL. Figure 37: Caching Services Figure 38: Caching Services JTO Phase –II DNIT Version 1.0 Sep 2021 Page 75 of 167 For Restricted Circulation JTO Phase-II IT Net Neutrality and Google Caching Services 6.7 CACHING PLAN OF BSNL 2020-2022 Figure 39: Caching Plan BSNL JTO Phase –II DNIT Version 1.0 Sep 2021 Page 76 of 167 For Restricted Circulation JTO Phase-II IT Net Neutrality and Google Caching Services 6.8 CONCLUSION Differentiated QoS can bring significant benefits to consumers, network operators, and content and application providers. However, there is also potential for abuse. Any regulatory approach to network neutrality must therefore take great care in order to strike an appropriate balance, preventing harm without also preventing benefits. JTO Phase –II DNIT Version 1.0 Sep 2021 Page 77 of 167 For Restricted Circulation