Chemistry Revision Transition Elements PDF

1  Section I Periodic table – the 4 transition series – configuration – exceptions – location in periodic table  General configuration of d- block elements → ns2, (n-1)d 1-10 []Give the configurations of: Third column of periodic table ……………...

1  Section I Periodic table – the 4 transition series – configuration – exceptions – location in periodic table  General configuration of d- block elements → ns2, (n-1)d 1-10 []Give the configurations of: Third column of periodic table ………………………. Third column of d-block ………………………………… Third column of group VIII ……………….……………. []The configuration ns2, (n-1)d6 is found in the …… column in periodic table which is the …… column in d-block. a) 6th , 6th b) 6th , 8th c) 8th , 6th d) no correct answer []How many elements in the fourth period that have completely filled 3d sublevel? a) 2 b) 1 c) 8 d) 6 2  Section II Oxidation states – configuration of ions  Representative metal has only one oxidation state.  Transition metal has multiple oxidation states. []Equal number of completely filled orbitals in… a) Mn0 , Cr0 b) Fe0 , Fe3+ c) Fe2+ , Fe3+ d) Cu0 , Cu+ []Which of the following when being reduced gives an ion of oxidation state 3+ and its electronic configuration [18Ar],3d3? a) V0 b) V2+ c) Cr2+ d) Cr6+ 3 []The electronic configuration of (X3+) ion for an element exists in second transition series is: a) [Ar] 3d1 b) [Kr] 4d9 c) [Ar] 3d9 d) [Kr] 4d1 []What are the values of a & b in the formula XaOb which contains the highest oxidation state of the element (X) , as (X) is element from the 1st transition series whose (X2+) ion contains 11 completely filled orbitals? a) a= 1, b= 4 b) a=1 , b=2 c) a= 1, b=1 d) a=2 , b=1 Stability – ionization potential with graph []The opposite graph represents the ionization potentials of element (X) from 1st transition series: what is the number of unpaired electrons of that element in atomic state? Knowing that maximum oxidation state of (X) is less than the next element. a) 1 energy b) 5 c) 3 d) 6 4th 5th 6th 7th IP IP IP IP 4 []A main transition element, one of its oxidation states (X4+) causes that the sublevel (d) contains one electron, the ionization potential of ………. will have a high increasing than the previous one. a) X4+ b) X5+ c) X6+ d) X7+ Easy or difficult reactions []About the stability For Cobalt 27 Co: [18Ar]4s2, 3d7 Write enough comment on each arrow: (supposing that oxidation states Co3+,Co4+ & Co5+ are available) Co3+: [18Ar]4s0, 3d6 Co4+: [18Ar]4s0, 3d5 Co5+: [18Ar]4s0, 3d4 []Which one of the following conversions needs more energy? a) V4+ → V5+ b) Ti3+ → Ti 4+ c) Sc → Sc 3+ d) Mn2+ → Mn3+ [](2nd session 2023) if you have the following compounds KMnO4, K2MnO4 and MnO2 , It’s easy to obtain: a) K2MnO4 from KMnO4 by oxidation b) KMnO4 from K2MnO4 by oxidation c) MnO2 from KMnO4 by reduction d) K2MnO4 from MnO2 by reduction 5 [](2nd session 2024) (X&Y) are two consecutive elements from the first transition series where: (X) is easily oxidized from X2+ → X3+ (Y) is easily oxidized from Y3+ → Y4+ So, these elements are: a) (X) Titanium, (Y) vanadium b) (X) vanadium, (Y) chromium c) (X) cobalt, (Y) nickel d) (X) iron, (Y) cobalt []Essay Question (X, Y & Z) are three consecutive elements from 1st transition series, if (X) can’t form compound XCl4 & the configuration of Z ion can end with 3d0. Write the chemical formula of the element Y chloride in its maximum oxidation state. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Which one of them is strong reducing agent at oxidation state 4+. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 6  Section III Transition or non-transition element 3 The following table contains 5 elements lie in first transition series, by using symbols answer questions from 15 to 18: Symbol Number of unpaired electrons in 3d in Some of oxidation atomic state states A 0 1+ , 2+ B 0 2+ C 1 3+ D 4 3+ E 5 7+ []The transition element(s) which has (have) only one oxidation state in all its compounds is (are) … a) E b) C c) B & C d) D []Element (A) is a transition element, that can be proved by the compound…………… a) ANO3 b) A(NO3)2 c) A(NO3)3 d) more than one correct answer []Elements are transition elements, that can be proved enough by their atomic state a) C , D & E b) C , D , E & A c) C , D , E , A & B d) no correct answer []The element which its electronic configuration in atomic state ends by 5s1,4d10 …….. a) located in the same period of element (A) b) located below the element (B) in fifth period c) located below element (A) in second transition series d) located below element (B) in the same group 7  Para or diamagnetic properties []Main transition element from the first transition series, has the highest magnetic moment in oxidation state (2+), so the electronic configuration of the element follows it in the same period at oxidation state (3+) is: a) [18Ar] 4s0 , 3d5 b) [18Ar] 4s2 , 3d5 c) [18Ar] 4s0 , 3d3 d) [18Ar] 4s0 , 3d4 []All of the following its magnetic moment in atomic state equal its magnetic moment in its oxidation state 2+ except ……… a) Ti b) V c) Cr d) Co [](X) is located in group VIB by losing 3 electrons from 3d sublevel of the atom, the number of unpaired electrons……... a) increases by 2 b) decreases by 4 c) increases by 3 d) decreases by 3 []In the 1st transition series: How many elements? How many transition elements? How many elements all its compounds are diamagnetic? How many elements all its compounds are paramagnetic except the highest oxidation state? How many elements all its compounds are paramagnetic? 8 [](2nd session 2023) The following table illustrates the electronic configuration of cations of some elements: The Cation Electronic configuration 2+ A [18Ar] 3d7 B2+ [18Ar] 3d10 C3+ [18Ar] 3+ D [18Ar] 3d4 1- from the previous cations of elements find: a) Which one has highest magnetic moment in atomic state? b) Which one has lowest magnetic moment in atomic state? []The following graph shows relation between atomic number of three transition elements and their atomic number number of electron’s pairs in their outer most d- sublevel. Which of the following attracted to the magnet by equal forces? a) C3+, B2+ 0 1 2 3 4 A B C No. of pairs of electrons in 3d sublevels b) C2+, B2+ c) C3+, A2+ d) A3+, C3+ Essay Question Two consecutive elements (X & Y) from 2nd transition series, if (X) can form diamagnetic compound but it’s paramagnetic at maximum oxidation state - is (X) a transition element or not ? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. - Predict which of (XCl2 or YCl2) more attracted to the magnet? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 9  Section IV Atomic mass – atomic radius – density – metallic properties – chemical activity  For Sc & all elements of IIIB → ns2 , (n-1)d1 [] (2022 2nd session) the following figure represents graduation of atomic radius of transition elements in the fourth period: The element which has abnormal atomic mass is………………… a) C b) H c) E d) D 10 []The following figure represents the number of 10 electrons in the 3d sublevel in the elements (A, B, C & D) 8 [Knowing that the electrical conductivity for element (B) is 6 greater than element (A)] 4 Study the following figure well then answer the questions: 2 Which..? 0 A B C D  Element has the highest chemical activity from them.  Element has the highest density from them.  Element has the highest stability in 3+ state from them.  Elements are found in the same group from them. []Three consecutive elements (A, B & C) their maximum oxidation state is represented in the following compounds: ACl4, B(SO4)2 , CPO4 so all the following are correct except ……. a) all of them are attracted to magnet at maximum oxidation state. b) one of them can form compound repel with external magnetic field c) all of them can form a more stable compound in one of its oxidation states. d) the arrangement of density is (A) < ( B) < (C). [] (2nd session 2023) the electronic configuration for the cations of elements (X, Y & Z) in their compounds as in the table: Compound The electronic configuration of the cations X2O3 [18Ar] 3d3 YO2 [18Ar] 3d3 Z2O3 [18Ar] 3d1 The correct arrangement for these elements according to the effective nuclear charge is: a) X< Y< Z b) Y< X< Z c) X< Z< Y d) Z< X< Y 11  Essay Question (A & B) are two transition elements from the first transition series if 1Kg of (A) has bigger volume than 1Kg of (B) , and (B) can form compound which repel with external magnetic field at its maximum oxidation state. Which of them could react with liquid water? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Which of them is found in a compound used in preparation of oxygen? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Catalyst with graph []From the opposite graph , determine: 1- The amount of saved energy by using a catalyst. 2- ∆H 3- Activation energy without catalyst. 4- Activation energy with catalyst. 12 Extraction of iron from its ores Section V 13 []Complete:  Removing of impurities by: …………………… , ………………………. & ………………..…….….. from …………. from…………… before……….. after ………...…  During concentrating & roasting processes: mass of iron ………..……… , but mass of iron ore ………………..…… so % of iron ………….… [](2022 2nd session) by passing a piece of iron ore its mass 2 Kg through a physical process its mass becomes 1.8 Kg, this process is……………….. a) crushing b) sintering c) concentrating d) roasting []The percentage of iron in the ore can be increased by ………. a) separation of impurities physically through roasting process b) getting rid of humidity through concentrating process c) adding some desirable elements through production process d) some steps of ore dressing []During extraction of iron, we can get rid of sulphur and phosphorous in solid state during ……….. process while that in gaseous state during …………….. process. a) concentrating / roasting b) roasting / concentrating c) roasting / magnetic separation d) sintering / crushing 14 [](2nd session 2023) An alloy consists of iron and carbon. The correct arrangement of the furnaces that used to get this alloy from hematite ore is: a) Midrex furnace then oxygen convertor b) Blast furnace then midrex furnace c) Open furnace then electrical furnace d) Electrical furnace then blast furnace Essay Question During roasting of an iron ore its color changes although it doesn’t decompose. What is the oxidation state of iron in this ore before & after roasting? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. What is the role of this ore during roasting process? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 15  Chemical equations Section VI By MR. ASHRAF EL-SHENAWY 16 [] Study the following reactions in the diagram: Identify (A , B & C) then answer: The substance attracted more to magnet ……….. a) A b) B c) C d) all are equal []To get iron III hydroxide from FeO, which set of reactions is correct? a) adding diluted acid → adding ammonium hydroxide b) oxidation → adding diluted acid → adding sodium hydroxide c) reduction → adding diluted acid → left in air for a period of time d) oxidation → adding hot concentrated acid → then adding ammonium hydroxide [](2nd session 2024) Which of the following is the correct steps to get iron III hydroxide from iron II oxalate? a) heating in absence of air – adding HCl – adding NH4OH b) heating in air – reduction at 500oC – adding dil.H2SO4 – adding NH4OH c) heating in air – reduction at 800oC – reaction with chlorine – adding NH4OH d) adding NH4OH – adding HCl – heating till redness ∆ []From the following figure, (1) (2) which of the following is correct? Dil.H2S 230: O4 +(3) 300o C +H2O Fe (4) 500oC Choice (1) (2) (3) (4) A FeSO4 Fe2O3 CO FeO B Fe2(SO4)3 Fe2O3 H2 Fe3O4 C Fe2(SO4)3 FeO CO Fe(OH)3 D FeSO4 Fe2O3 H2 Fe3O4 17  𝟑𝟎𝟎𝒐 𝑪 [] 2A → B +3H2O 𝟕𝟎𝟎𝒐 𝑪 B + H2 → 2C+H2O 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒄. C + H2SO4 → D +H2O which of the following is correct a) (B) and (C) are black b) (C) is produced from thermal decomposition of organic salt in presence of air c) (D) is easily to be oxidized d) (A) is produced from reaction of sodium hydroxide with iron II salt []By heating yellow iron ore in air then reducing the product by CO gas, it may give all the following except ……. a) substance used in surgical instrument b) compound can react with both diluted & concentrated acids c) one of iron oxides that difficult to be oxidized d) strong magnet [](A and B) are two salts of iron, both are decomposed thermally giving three different oxides. One of the produced oxides from the salt (A) is used to reduce one of the oxides 2produce from the salt (B) to produce the most important metal in heavy industries - which of the following choices represents the salt (A) and the salt (B) respectively ? a) Iron II carbonate / iron II sulphate b) Iron II sulphate / iron III hydroxide c) Iron II oxalate / iron II sulphate d) Iron II oxalate / iron II carbonate []During the two steps of….,magnetic moment of iron increases then becomes constant : a) reaction of iron metal with dil. HCl then add NaOH solution b) heating of iron II oxalate in absence of air then reduction c) roasting of siderite d) heating of iron II sulphate then adding conc. sulphuric acid 18 [](2nd session 2023) From the following scheme represents reactions at the suitable conditions: FeCO3 + A(s) B(g) No Air + O2/ /Divided Carbon +D E C D 850oC Which of the following is correct for the compounds (A), (C) , and (E)? a) (A): Fe2O3 , (C): Fe , (E): FeO b) (A): FeO , (C): Fe2O3 , (E) : Fe c) (A): Fe3O4 , (C): FeO , (E): Fe d) (A): FeO, (C): Fe3O4 , (E): Fe2O3 []By adding excess amount of diluted hydrochloric acid to a mixture of the three iron oxides then dividing the produced solution into two parts and adding ammonia solution to the 1st part and leaving the 2nd part in air then adding caustic soda solution So, the correct sentence from the following is ……………. a) Reddish brown ppt. is formed in the two parts. b) Reddish brown ppt. is formed in the 1st part only. c) Reddish brown ppt. is formed in the 2nd part only. d) Reddish brown ppt. is not formed in the two parts. Esay question If you have three different iron oxides (A), (B) and (C) (A): its reduction may produce two different oxides. (B): one mole of it reacts completely with 2 moles of hydrochloric acid. (C): can be oxidized. Identify (A, B & C) Mention the name of steps which converts oxide (C) into compound (X) which produces water vapor by heating at 201oC. 19  Section VII Uses of the 10 elements Uses of the 1st transition series 1 Scandium It is added in a little amount to mercury vapor lamps to produce light with high quality as sunlight. So, it is used in television photography at night. 2 Alloy of scandium with aluminum It is used in manufacturing of (MIG) fighter. 3 Titanium Ti It is inert so, is used in the dental implants and industrial joints. 4 Alloy of titanium with aluminum It is used in the manufacturing of aircraft and space shuttle. 5 Titanium dioxide (TiO2) It is used in sun protection cosmetics. 6 Alloy of vanadium with steel As it has high hardness & great ability to resist corrosion, so it used in manufacturing of car springs. 7 Vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) It is used in manufacturing of dyes used in ceramics and glass industry, also it is used as a catalyst in both of: manufacturing of strong magnetic conductors and in preparation of H2SO4 by contact method. 8 Chromium Cr It is used in metal plating & in leather tanning. 9 Chromium III oxide (Cr2O3) It is used in manufacturing of dyes. 10 Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) It is used as oxidizing agent. 11 Ferromanganese alloy (Mn + Fe) It is used in railway tracks. 12 Alloy of manganese with It is used in manufacturing of soft drinks cans. aluminum 13 Manganese dioxide (MnO2) It acts as strong oxidizing agent, used in dry cells & used as catalyst in decomposition of H2O2 to prepare O2 14 Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) It is used as antiseptic substance & oxidizing agent. 15 Manganese II sulphate (MnSO4) It is used as fungicide. 16 Iron Fe It is used in manufacturing reinforced, electricity pylons, knives, gun, cannons pipe and surgical instruments. It used as a catalyst both in manufacturing of ammonia by Haber-Bosch method and in the conversion of water gas (mixture of H2 + CO) to a liquid fuel by Fischer-Tropsch method. 17 Iron III oxide Red pigments in paints. 18 Cobalt Co Both cobalt and iron are used in manufacturing magnets. It is used in manufacturing of dry batteries that is used in modern cars. 19 Cobalt 60 It produces gamma rays which have high penetrating power, so it is used in: 1- persevering food 2- industry, in the detection about the quality of the industrial products, whereas it detects about link welding & cracks sites. 3- medicine, diagnoses and treating tumors. 20 Nickel Ni It is used in manufacturing of nickel-cadmium battery which can be recharged. It is used for painting the other metals to protect them from rusting and to give them better appearance. divided nickel is used as a catalyst in oil hydrogenation process. 21 Alloy of nickel with steel In making containers to store acids. 22 Alloy of nickel with chromium It is used in heater coils and electric furnaces. 23 Copper Cu It is used in the electric cables industry and coins alloy industry. 24 Brass alloy (Cu + Zn) It is used in plating of iron door handles. 25 Copper II sulphate (CuSO4) It is used as insecticide & fungicide in the purification of drinking water. 20  26 Fehling solution It is used to detect for glucose sugar in which its blue colour changes to orange. (one of copper compounds) 27 Zinc Zn It is used in galvanizing other metals to protect them from rusting. 28 Zinc oxide (ZnO) It is used in manufacturing of paints, rubber and cosmetics materials. 29 Zinc sulphide (ZnS) It is used in manufacturing of illuminating paints and X-rays screens. 30 Carbon monoxide gas It is the reducing agent for hematite in blast furnace. 31 Mixture of carbon monoxide It is the reducing agent for hematite in midrex furnace. & hydrogen gas (water gas) [](2022 2nd session) the electronic configuration of (X3+) ion is [18Ar] 3d6, the element (X) is used in……………… a) car springs b) dry batteries c) fungicide d) hydrogenation of oil [] (2nd session 2024) Two elements (A&B) from the first transition series, element (A) has 2 unpaired electrons in d-sublevel, while d-sublevel of element (B) is half filled. So, the alloy that consists of both of them is used in …………………………. a) heater coils b) railway tracks c) manufacture of soft drink cans d) manufacture of dry batteries [] (2nd session 2024) (A, B & C) are three elements from the first transition series where: - (A): transition element has the greatest density - (B) has the greatest atomic radius - (C) is a non-transition element Which of the following is correct? a) (B) doesn’t react with diluted acids b) One of (A) alloys is used in heater coils c) (B) reacts vigorously with water d) (C) has many oxidation states [] (2nd session 2024) The gases that are used in Fischer-Tropsch method, can be used in reduction of the iron ore in ………………. a) blast furnace b) midrex furnace c) electric furnace d) open-hearth furnace 21  Alloys 1- 2- []In the opposite figure (X, Y and Z) are three different elements are used to form three different types of alloys: - alloy (1) is produced by mixing molten (X) with molten (Y) - alloy (2) is produced by mixing molten (Y) with molten (Z) - alloy (3) is produced from reaction (Y) with (Z) So the types of alloys are ……………… Choice Alloy (1) Alloy (2) Alloy (3) (a) Intermetallic Substitutional Interstitial (b) Substitutional Interstitial Intermetallic (c) Interstitial Intermetallic Substitutional (d) Substitutional Intermetallic Interstitial 22 [](2nd session 2023) You have two elements (X & Y) (X) is an element from the coinage metals. (Y) is an element forms with manganese vessel cans alloy. The alloy formed from (X) and (Y) is characterizes by: a) Their elements having same crystalline shape b) (Y) prevents sliding of (X) layers c) Chemical combination between (X) and (Y) d) (Y) exists in the intermolecular spaces of element (X) []Essay Question Two elements from 1st transition series (X) has only one oxidation state but can’t react with water & (Y) is the only one has oxidation state one positive. Mention the type and usage of the alloy formed from (X & Y). Dissolving of elements in acids: []How to dissolve an alloy of Fe + Zn + Cu ? a) adding conc HNO3 b) adding dil. HCl c) adding HCl then HNO3 d) no way for that 23  Differentiate between… Essay question Three solid samples [ FeO , FeCl2 & Fe2(SO4)3] what are the steps to identify each one? Answer: Step 1 :……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Step 2 :……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Essay question If you have a mixture of two solid compounds FeSO4 + Fe2O3 , how can you get pure iron III oxide from this mixture by two different methods? Answer 1st method………………………………………………………………………………………... 2nd method……………………………………………………………………………………….. 24  Model exam Ch.1 1- 2KMnO4 K2MnO4 +O2 +X, the product (X) is used in the manufacture of ……… a) Insecticide b) Fungicides c) Dry cells d) Railway tracks alloy 2- Element (X) is a representative element in the third period and its fourth ionization potential is very high, element (Y) is a transition metal in the fourth period and has unpaired electrons in its atom less than that found in the chromium atom by three. Which of the following is incorrect about the two elements? a) Alloy of (X) with scandium is used in the manufacture of MIG fighter b) Y2O5 acts as a catalyst in the contact method. c) YO2 is used in sun-protecting cosmetics. d) Fe + C + (Y) alloy has very high hardness. 3- Two consecutive elements (X, Y) in the first transition series, (X) has a smaller atomic number than (Y) and (X) has unpaired electrons greater than that in (Y) and XO2 magnetic moment is greater than that of YO2. Which of the following is correct about one of the elements? a) Element (Y) has an irregular atomic mass than the other transition elements. b) Element (X) is used in the manufacture of car spring alloy. c) Element (Y) is used in leather tanning and metal plating. d) Element (X) is used with cadmium in rechargeable car batteries. 25 4- The electronic configuration of the element which is located in the same group of iron & 6th period is …………. a) 4s2, 3d7 b) 5s2, 4d6 c) 6s2, 5d8 d) 7s2, 5d6 5- All the following compounds contain transition element that lose from its s- sublevel and d-sublevel equal electrons except……………. a) TiCl4 b) CrO c) CuSO4 d) CoO 6- (X, Y, W & Z) are consecutive elements from the first transition series so, their…………. a) density increases from (Y) to (Z) b) atomic mass decreases from (X) to (W) c) atomic radius increases from (X) to (Z) d) chemical activity increases from (X) to (Z) 7- Which one of the following can act as an oxidizing agent but not as reducing agent? a) Na2CrO4 b) CuI2 c) FeSO4 d) Ni2(SO4)3 26 8- An element from the 1st transition series has only one oxidation state in nature, and it’s magnetic moment in atomic state = zero so …….. a) it’s a transition element b) it’s a non-transition element c) its compound is paramagnetic d) it’s located in group IIIB 9- (X) and (Y) are two transition elements, the electronic configuration of an ion of (Y) is [18Ar] 4s0, 3d0 and their magnetic moment in atomic state are measured by 6 & 1 unpaired electrons respectively so, ………. a) (X) has less density than (y) b) (X) has higher melting point than (Y) c) (Y) has higher chemical activity than (X) d) (X) has abnormal electronic configuration and can make alloy with iron, and (Y) hasn’t multiple oxidation state e) more than one is correct 10- Compound of transition element (X) is used as fungicide, and its maximum oxidation state doesn’t exceed its group number, so the element follows it in atomic state is …………. a) paramagnetic and its magnetic moment is measured by 5 e-s b) paramagnetic and its magnetic moment is measured by 4 e-s c) paramagnetic and its magnetic moment is measured by 6 e-s d) diamagnetic and its magnetic moment is measured by 6 e-s 11- An element (X) replaces hydrogen of water through a vigorous reaction so: a) its compound is attracted to external magnetic field b) it has the biggest radius in its series c) it has the biggest density in its series d) it has the biggest atomic mass in its series 27 12- (X&Y) are two consecutive elements from the 1st transition series if (Y) can form Y2Cl2, all the following are correct except ………….. a) (X) is used as catalyst in hydrogenation of oil b) atomic mass of (X) is lower than the following and preceding elements c) (Y) is the last transition element in its series d) (Y) is the most active in its series 13- Transition element (X) from the 2nd transition series which can’t form compound that repel with external magnetic field so, ………… a) it is located in the 12th column of periodic table b) it is located in the 4th period c) it can form compound XCl7 d) its group consists of 12 elements 14- The correct sequence of steps to get iron III chloride from black ore is… a) roasting / reduction above 700oC / react with dil. hydrochloric acid b) roasting / react with conc. hydrochloric acid c) roasting / reduction above 700oC / heating with chlorine d) more than one is correct 15- Steel and brass alloy can be differentiated by adding …………… a) dil. hydrochloric acid b) ammonia solution c) sodium hydroxide d) ammonia solution 28 16-The electronic configuration of four ions of elements X,Y,W and Z are: X3+: [10Ne] 3s2 3p6, Y2+: [18Ar], W4+: [18Ar] 3d6, Z6+: [18Ar] 3d2. In modern periodic table these elements are located in: a) the 2nd transition series b) group VIII c) group VIB d) period 4 17- The electronic configuration of a transition element (X) in oxidation state 3+ is: [18Ar] 3d5 and (Y) in 2+ is [18Ar] 3d8. What is the electronic configuration of the element existing between these elements? a) [18Ar] 4s1 3d10 b) [18Ar] 4s2 3d5 c) [18Ar] 4s2 3d7 d) [18Ar] 4s1 3d5 18- (X) is an element from the fourth period its ionization potential values in KJ are: 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 524 982 1755 8434 The correct statement is ………… a) (X) is located in group 3B and has oxidation state 3+ only b) (X) is the first most abundant metal in earth’s crust c) XO2 is paramagnetic and exist in nature d) more than one is correct 19- A4+ is ion of a transition metal, its electronic configuration ended with 3d5, so its compound that not exist in nature is ……………… a) ASO4 b) A(CO3)3 c) A(NO3)3 d) AS2 20- Four transition elements (X, Y, Z, L) from the 4th period their oxides: XO, Y2O3 ZO2, L2O are stable oxides, if you know that atomic radius of Z > Y so the correct arrangement according to stability is: a) L2O > Y2O3 > ZO2 > XO b) ZO2 > L2O > Y2O3 = XO c) XO > Y2O3 > L2O = ZO2 d) Y2O3 > L2O > ZO2 > XO 29 21-The following table contains comparison between 2 elements of 3d elements study it well then choose the correct answer: Element A Element B Number of isotopes has 5 isotopes has 12 isotopes a) (A) conducts electricity while (B) doesn’t b) A, B locate in the same vertical group c) A, B have the same magnetic moment in atomic state d) A, B are terminal element in their series 22-In this diagram Heating with Heating with Sulphur chlorine A Fe C Heating with steam B a) (A) is a salt of iron of oxidation state 3+ b) (B) is a compound that can be oxidized into iron III oxide c) (C) is a salt of iron of oxidation state 2+ d) no correct answer 23- We can differentiate between the products of thermal decomposition of both iron II oxalate in absence of air and iron II sulphate by using ………. a) dil. HCl b) conc.H2SO4 c) NH4OH d) a and b are correct 30 24- You have three alloys with different uses: Alloy 1: is used in jewelry Alloy 2: is used in railway track Alloy 3: is used in plating iron handles These alloys are common in: a) type of alloy b) elements forming it c) a and b are correct d) a and b are incorrect 25- In extraction of iron from magnetite, all the following increase the percentage of iron except…………… a) electric separation b) roasting c) oxidation of ore d) sintering 26- To convert yellow ore into iron II sulphide……………. respectively. a) roasting, reduction above 700, react with sulphur b) reduction, oxidation, react with sulphur c) roasting, oxidation, adding dil. hydrochloric acid d) thermal decomposition, oxidation, adding conc. Sulphuric acid 31 27- The transition element (X) which is located in the 5th period and its d-sublevel has 4 unpaired electrons in X4+ so the electronic configuration of its atom is ….. a) [18Ar], 4s2, 3d7 b) [18Ar], 5s2,4d8 c) [36Kr], 5s2,4d8 d) [36Kr], 5s2, 4d5 28- Study the following table then answer: Catalyst Activation energy Activation energy symbol without using catalyst after using catalyst W G G – 1.5 Y G G – 0.2 Z G G – 0.64 X G G - 0.86 Which one is the best catalyst? a) Y b) W c) X d) Z 29- The opposite graph represents uncatalyzed reaction, if the reaction is catalyzed and the catalyst saves 15Kj. What is the value of ∆H consider the reaction is A2 + B2  2AB? a) – 25 b) – 20 c) 40 d) – 15 32 30- All the following can attract to magnet by the same strength in both of their atomic and oxidation state (2+) except …… a) 22 b) 24 c) 25 d) 26 31- A student applied an experiment to identify the properties of some elements and he observed that: element (A): resists the effect of atmospheric air element (B): replaces hydrogen of liquid water element (C): is used in manufacture of electricity pylons element (D): is the second most abundant element in Earth’s crust among the first transition series Arrange the previous elements according to their ability of attraction to external magnet. a) A > D > C > B b) C < A < D < B c) B > D > C > A d) A > C > D > B 32- What is the chemical formula of Goethite ore of iron? a) FeCO3 b) FeO2H c) Fe2O3 d) Fe3O4 33- If you know that the size of iron ore which is suitable for reduction is 30 : 90 mm3 which of the following statements is correct? a) the size of particles which is produced from cleaning furnace may be 15 mm3 b) the size of particles that must be crushed is 100 mm3 c) sintering process occurred to particles with size 25 mm3 d) all the previous are correct 33 34- Which of the following increases the percentage of iron in the ore chemically? a) reduction b) roasting c) surface tension d) more than one is correct 35- We can get the iron III compound which gives hematite in one step from organic salt by …………… a) heating in air / reduction / direct combination with nonmetal / oxidation b) heating in absence of air / then adding conc. sulphuric acid c) heating in air / conc. acid / adding alkali d) heating in air / oxidation / direct combination with nonmetal 36- The electronic configuration of X3+ is: [18Ar] 3d5, all the following are correct about (X) except: a) has low hardness and has magnetic properties b) its oxidation state 6+ has more energy than 3+ c) combines with nonmetal forming iron II salt only d) it’s the first most abundant element on earth’s crust among its series 37- (X & Y) are two acids, (X) reacts with iron and forms one of iron salts and (Y) reacts with iron forms mixture of iron salts, which of the following is correct? a) (X) reacts with Fe2O3 and forms iron III salt b) (Y) reacts with Fe2O3 and forms iron II salt c) (X) reacts with Fe2O3 and gives mixture of iron salts d) (Y) reacts and X doesn’t with Fe2O3 34 38- Element (X) is located in group IIIA and its electronic configuration is [10Ne], 3s2,3p1 combines with transition element (Y) which 4s sublevel is not filled unless 3d is completely filled, this alloy ……….. a) has chemical formula b) is called cementite c) is called brass alloy d) is substitution alloy 39- Metal (X) which is used in galvanizing other metals to protect them from rusting, the formula of its oxide is ……… a) XO b) XO2 c) X2O d) X2O3 40- The represented substances A, B, C in the diagram are …… ∆ 𝑖𝑛 𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑖𝑟 H2SO4(aq) KMnO4(aq) siderite → A(s) dil. B C Choices A B C a) FeO FeSO4 FeSO4 b) Fe2O3 Fe2(SO4)3 Fe3O4 c) FeO FeSO4 Fe2(SO4)3 d) Fe FeSO4 Fe2O3 41- During the dressing processes all the following occur except , ………… a) converting black ore into red ore b) removing some impurities by magnetic separation c) removing oxygen from the red ore d) converting the ore into suitable size 35 42- Transition element (X) is located in the fourth column of d-block; the oxide which repels with the external magnetic field is………… a) XO b) XO3 c) X2O3 d) X2O5 43- In this shape a part of one of transition series: IB A B C D E G Which element has less energy at oxidation state 2+: a) C b) B c) A d) G 𝟑𝟎𝟎𝒐 𝑪 𝟔𝟗𝟎𝒐 𝑪 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒄. 44- 2A → B + 3H2O, B + H2 → C + H2O, C + H2SO4 → D + H2 O Knowing that (B) is iron oxide , which of the following is correct ? a) (B) and (C) are black b) (C) can be produced from thermal decomposition of organic salt in absence of air c) (D) is difficult to be oxidized d) (A) is produced from reaction of sodium hydroxide with iron II salt Essay questions 45- Study the following diagram then I- What is the effect of adding (Y) to (C)? II- What is the final product of heating (D) with (C) at 500oC then adding (Y)? 36 46- If you have three different iron oxides (A), (B) and (C) (A): its reduction may produce three different products. (B): can react with diluted acids. (C): black. I)Identify (A, B & C) II) Mention the name of steps which converts oxide (B) into compound (X) which produce irritating smell by heating 37 Answers: 1-c 2-c 3-a 4-c 5-d 6-a 7-a 8-b 9-e 10-b 11-b 12-d 13-d 14-d 15-a 16-d 17-c 18-a 19-b 20-b 21-b 22-b 23-a 24-a 25-d 26-a 27-c 28-b 29-b 30-b 31-d 32-b 33-d 34-b 35-c 36-c 37-d 38-a 39-a 40-c 41-c 42-b 43-b 44-b 45- I- no change (no reaction) II- iron II sulphate (FeSO4) 46- Answers explanations: 1-2KMnO4 K2MnO4 +O2 +MnO2 2- (X) is aluminum as it’s in the 3rd period & can lose three electrons easily but the fourth one is lost difficultly. As chromium has 6 unpaired electrons so (Y) has three unpaired electrons So (Y) may be 23V or 27Co a) Al & Sc form alloy is used in MIG fighters because this alloy light and very hard b) V2O5 acts as a catalyst in the contact method which prepare sulphuric acid. (correct as Y may be vanadium) c) TiO2 is used in sun-protecting cosmetics. d) Fe + C + V alloy has very high hardness. 38 3- As the two elements are consecutive and unpaired electrons of (X) is more than (Y) so: Element Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn No. of 1 2 3 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 unpaired Has 4+ X ✓ ✓ X ✓ X ✓ ✓ X X The only consecutive elements which apply the two conditions are: (X) is Co & (Y) is Ni a) Ni (as it has 5 stable isotopes), b) V with steel, c) Cr , d) Ni is (Y) not (X). 4- The configuration of iron ends with 4s2, 3d6 as iron belongs to group (VIII) which includes three columns so its configuration (ns2, (n-1)d6-8) as the element in period 6 (in the 3rd transition series) so its configuration 6s2,(5)d6-8. 5- Ti [18Ar] 4s2, 3d2 Ti4+ [18Ar] 3d0 so it loses 2e- from 4s & 2e- from 3d Cr [18Ar] 4s1, 3d5 Cr2+ [18Ar] 3d4 so it loses 1e- from 4s & 1e- from 3d Cu [18Ar] 4s1, 3d10 Cu2+ [18Ar] 3d9 so it loses 1e- from 4s& 1e- from 3d Co [18Ar] 4s2, 3d7 Co2+ [18Ar] 3d7 so it doesn’t lose any electron from d-sublevel but loses 2 e- from 4s. 6- As density increases by increasing atomic number (from left to right). 7- Oxidizing agent (can be reduced) not as reducing agent (can’t be oxidized) Na2CrO4 → Cr6+ (can be reduced but can’t be oxidized as it is in the highest oxidation state), CuI2 → Cu2+(can be reduced to 1+ or 0 and can be oxidized to 3+), FeSO4→ Fe2+ (can be reduced to 0 and can be oxidized to 3+), Ni2(SO4)3 → Ni3+ (can be reduced to 2+ or 0 and can be oxidized to 4+). 8- Elements which have only one oxidation state are Sc or Zn but magnetic moment in atomic state = 0 so the element is zinc so it’s a non-transition element 39 9- (X) is Cr: as it’s the only one which contains 6 unpaired electrons ([18Ar] 4s1, 3d5 abnormal electronic configuration) (Y) is Sc as it has 1 unpaired electron and can be [18Ar] 4s0, 3d0 has only one oxidation state (3+); So (X) has higher density and lower in chemical activity and higher melting point. 10- The fungicide compounds are MnSO4 & CuSO4 but Mn (group VIIB) its maximum oxidation state doesn’t exceed its group number which is 7+ The element follows it is iron 26Fe [18Ar] 4s2,3d6 so it’s paramagnetic and its magnetic moment is measured by 4 e-s 11- The element (X) is scandium a) its compounds are diamagnetic (Sc3+: [Ar] 3d0) b) it has the biggest radius as the radius decreases from Sc to Cr then nearly constant from Cr to Cu c) it has the lowest density as it increases from left to right d) it has the lowest atomic mass as it increases from left to right (except Ni) 12- Y2Cl2→Y1+ so the element (Y) is copper & (X) is nickel a) Ni (X) b) atomic mass of (X: Ni) is less than the preceding and the following element (exception) c) Cu is the last transition element in its series d) (Y) is the least active in its series 13- Element (X) from group VIII which can’t lose all electrons of 4s & 3d (can’t reach 3d0) so it’s paramagnetic in all oxidation state a) group VIII is located from 8th to 10th column of periodic table b) the 2nd transition element is located in period 5 c) XCl7 → X7+ (group VIII can’t have 7+) d) group VIII consists of three columns (6, 7&8) so it consists of 12 elements 40 14- reduction above Cl2 / o Fe FeCl3 700 C Fe3O4 Roasting Fe2O3 conc. HCl FeCl3 15-By adding dil. hydrochloric acid to steel (iron dissolves and carbon remains which is black) By adding dil. hydrochloric acid to brass (zinc dissolves and copper remains which is red) 16- X3+: [10Ne] 3s2, 3p6 by returning the 3 electrons to it, the configuration in atomic state will be X: [10Ne] 3s2, 3p6, 4s2, 3d1 so it’s found in IIIB & fourth period. Y2+: [18Ar] → Y: [18Ar], 4s2 found in IIA & fourth period 4+ W : [18Ar] 3d → 6 2 8 W: [18Ar] 4s , 3d found in VIII & fourth period 6+ 2 Z : [18Ar] 3d → Z: [18Ar] 4s2, 3d6 found in VIII & fourth period 17- X3+: [18Ar] 3d5, by return the 3 electrons to it, the configuration in atomic state will be X [18Ar] 4s2,3d6. Y2+: [18Ar] 3d8, by returning the 2 electrons to it the configuration in atomic state will be Y: [18Ar] 4s2, 3d8 so the electronic configuration of element between those elements is: [18Ar] 4s2 3d7 18- (X) from the 4th period and its fourth ionization potential is very high due to breaking completely filled sublevel it may be Sc from d-block but 13Al is the third abundant element and the first most abundant metal (found in the third period). 19- By returning the 4 electrons to A4+ ion the configuration of element A will be [18Ar] 4s2 3d7 in atomic state (cobalt), it has oxidation states 2+, 3+, 4+ only but doesn’t have 6+ as in A(CO3)3 41 20- (X) = Mn (stable in X2+) Mn2+: [18Ar] 4s0, 3d5 (half-filled), not zinc as it’s non- transition (Y) = Fe (stable in X3+) Fe3+:[18Ar] 4s0, 3d5 (half-filled), not scandium as Sc has highest radius, (Z) = Ti (Z > Y in atomic radius & stable at Z4+) Ti4+: [18Ar] (noble gas so it’s the most stable), L = Cu (the only element has +1 ion in the first transition series) Cu+: [18Ar] 4s0, 3d10 (completely-filled). 21- From the previous table (A) is Ni and (B) is Co both conduct electricity and locate in the same period in columns 9&10 (group VIII), magnetic moment of Ni is measured by 2 electrons & magnetic moment of Co is measured by 3 22- Because (A) is iron II sulphide , (B) is magnetite can be oxidized into iron III oxide, (C) is iron III chloride 23- Thermal decomposition of iron II oxalate in absence of air produces FeO and iron II sulphate produces Fe2O3 As dil. acids can react with FeO (dissolve) while Fe2O3 reacts only with conc. acids 24- Alloy 1 is copper with gold alloy, Alloy 2 is iron with manganese alloy Alloy 3 is brass alloy copper with zinc alloy (all of them are substitutional alloys). 25- Both of concentrating processes (surface tension, electric & magnetic separation) and roasting increase the percentage of iron by removing impurities) 26- Roasting reduction above + S/ 2Fe2O3. 3H2O Fe2O3 Fe FeS 700oC 42 27- The 5th period (the second transition series fill 4d successfully), d sublevel has 4 unpaired electrons in X4+: 4d4 Or 4d6 by returning the four electrons to it the configuration in atomic state will be [Kr] 5s2, 4d6 Or [Kr] 5s2, 4d8 28- The best catalyst must save greater energy comparing to other catalysts 29- ∆𝐻= E Products – E reactants = 5 – 25 = -20 KJ 30- 24Cr: [18Ar] 4s1, 3d5 has 6 unpaired electrons so magnetic moment is measured by 6 e-s while Cr2+: [18Ar]4s0, 3d4 has 4 unpaired electrons so magnetic moment is measured by 4 e-s 31- A: is chromium 24Cr:[18Ar]4s1,3d5 (6 unpaired electrons) B: is scandium 21Sc:[18Ar]4s2,3d1 (1 unpaired electrons) C: is iron 26Fe:[18Ar]4s2,3d6 (4 unpaired electrons) D: is titanium 2 2 22Ti:[18Ar]4s ,3d (2 unpaired electrons) 32- As a) is siderite c) is hematite d) is magnetite so Goethite is b) FeO2H 33- crushing converts larger size into 30:90 mm3 & so the size 100 mm3 must be crushed. Sintering converts smaller size into 30:90 mm3, so sintering process occurred to particles with size 25 mm3 & 15 mm3. 34- roasting increases the percentage of iron in the ore chemically while surface tension increases the percentage of iron in the ore physically ,reduction doesn’t produce an ore 35- The compound is Fe(OH)3 is the only compound gives hematite directly, organic salt NaOH in air Conc. H2SO4 (COO)2Fe Fe2O3 Fe2(SO4)3 Fe(OH)3 43 36- X3+: [18Ar] 3d5 ,by returning the three electrons to it the configuration in atomic state will be X: [18Ar] 4s2,3d6 (iron) Iron can combine with chlorine forming iron III salts. 2Fe(s)+3Cl2 (g) ∆ 2 FeCl3 (S) 37- Acid (X) is dil. acid (can react with FeO only forming iron II salt) Acid (Y) is conc. acid (can react with FeO forming iron II salt, Fe2O3 forming iron III salt, Fe3O4 forming mixture of iron salts). 38- X is aluminum & Y is copper (the alloy formed from combination (intermetallic) of copper with aluminum called duralumin 39- Metal X is zinc which has only oxidation state 2+ so its oxide formula is XO 40- oxidizing agent A B C absence of air KMnO4 FeCO3 FeO + dil. H2SO4 FeSO4 Fe2(SO4)3 41- a) all iron ores are converted into hematite (red) b) concentrating process leads to remove impurities and increases the percentage of iron by surface tension, magnetic separation and electric separation. c) reduction is a process of removal of oxygen from hematite d) crushing and sintering convert the ore into suitable size 42- The element (X) is located in the fourth column of d-block so its group VIB ends with ns1 (n-1)d5, repels the external magnetic field when d0 a) XO (X2+: (n-1) d4) b) XO3 (X6+: (n-1) d0) c) X2O3 (X3+: (n-1) d3) d) X2O5 (X5+: (n-1) d1) 44 43- VIB VIIB VIII VIII VIII IB A B C D E G As oxidation state 2+ has less energy so 2+ is more stable that found in element (B) (from group VIIB like 25Mn) because 2+ state has half-filled d-sublevel. 44- A B C D over 200oC reduction H2SO4 Fe(OH)3 Fe2O3 FeO FeSO4 690oC Conc. a) (B) is red while (C) is black b) organic salt (COO)2Fe produces FeO by its decomposition in absence of air. c) FeSO4 (Fe2+) [18Ar] 3d6 is easily to be oxidized as it will form a stable ion Fe3+ [18Ar] 3d5 d) Fe2+ salt forms Fe(OH)2 when it reacts with sodium hydroxide 45- Note that Fe react with two gases (Cl2 & O2) but only Cl2 produce compound (FeCl3) which can react with alkaline solution so (X) is Cl2 I- Fe2O3 can’t react with dil. H2SO4 but it reacts with conc. only +𝑯𝟐 / 𝟓𝟎𝟎𝒐 𝑪 +𝒅𝒊𝒍. 𝑯𝟐 𝑺𝑶𝟒 II- Fe2O3 → FeO → FeSO4 + H2O 45 46- 46