Networking - Chapter 13 PDF

Networking Chapter 13 This presentation covers: >Being Proactive >Networking Overview >Network Media Overview >Wireless Networks Overview >Cloud Technologies  Qualities of a Good Technician “Soft skills” as they are known across many industries are essential Being Pro...

Networking Chapter 13 This presentation covers: >Being Proactive >Networking Overview >Network Media Overview >Wireless Networks Overview >Cloud Technologies  Qualities of a Good Technician “Soft skills” as they are known across many industries are essential Being Proactive >Think of ways to improve a situation, anticipates problems, and fixes them before being told >Follow up after a service call >Provide a list of recommended solutions or procedural changes to the supervisor rather than waiting for the supervisor to delineate what changes must occur >Have a list of “standard” software loaded on the computer such as the operating system, service pack level, and any applications that are standard throughout the institution >Being proactive saves both the technician and the customer Networking Overview Types of Networks Computers can attach to different types of networks: >PAN (personal area network) – small wireless network such as a Bluetooth keyboard and mouse connecting to a PC >LAN (local area network) – Share resources in a single area such as a room, home, or building >MAN (metropolitan area network) – Spans a city such as multiple community college campuses >WAN (wide area network) – Spans across a large geographic area Types of Networks (cont.) >WLAN (wireless LAN) – access point with wireless devices attached >WWAN (wireless WAN) – can use a mix of technologies such as cellular or WiMax over a large geographic area >WMN (wireless mesh network) – good for emergency situations for connectivity among rescue workers or in smart devices Attaching to Different Types of Networks Computers can attach to different types of networks: >A server-based network: computer users participate in a domain and log in to a main computer called a server where they are authenticated (authorized to use the network) >A workgroup: Windows computers in a peer-to-peer network are known as a workgroup >A Microsoft HomeGroup: Microsoft calls a workgroup a HomeGroup in Windows 7, 8, and 10 (removed version 1803 and higher) Network Topologies The physical network topology is how the network is wired Network Topologies Network Media Overview Copper Media >Copper media is the most common cabling used to connect devices to the network >Also used to connect network devices >Copper media comes in two major types > Twisted pair > Coaxial Twisted Pair Cable >Twisted pair cable is named because each of the four pairs of conductors entwines around each other >Twisted pair cable comes in two types >Shielded: STP (shielded twisted pair) >Unshielded: UTP (unshielded twisted pair) UTP Cable Twisted Pair Cable Shielded: STP (shielded twisted pair) >Has extra foil that provides more shielding >Used in industrial settings, such as a factory, where extra shielding is needed to prevent outside interference from interfering with the data on the cable Twisted Pair Cable Unshielded: UTP (unshielded twisted pair) >UTP is the most common >Most common are categories 5e, 6, and 7 – these are known as CAT 5e, CAT 6, CAT 7, Cat 8, etc. © 2020 Pearson Education Inc. Twisted Pair Cable >Two wiring standards > T-568A > T-568B >For most cabling both ends are wired the same. >For a crossover cable between like devices like 2 PCs or two switches, one end is T-568A and the other end is T-568B. Twisted Pair Cabling >Corporate wiring is through a patch panel Protecting Your Network and Cable Investment >Network devices should be locked in a secure room or cabinet when possible >Network cable can be pulled through walls and over ceilings but should be installed in conduit or raceways if possible >A professional cable management system can help keep network cables organized >Ensure network cabling is not a trip or Network cabinets other safety hazard in any location Ethernet Concepts >Ethernet is the most common type of LAN >Issues related to Ethernet include full- duplex and half-duplex transmissions, network slowdowns, and increasing bandwidth The OSI Model >The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) developed a model for network communications known as the OSI (Open Systems Interconnect) model >It is a standard for information transfer across the network >The model sets several guidelines, including: > (1) how the different transmission media are arranged and interconnected > (2) how network devices that use different languages communicate with one another > (3) how a network device contacts another net-work device > (4) how and when data gets transmitted across the network > (5) how data is sent to the correct device > (6) how it is known if the network data was received properly  La ye Application The OSI Presentation 7 L a r Model y er L 6 a y Session er L 5 a y Transport er L 4 a y Network er L 3 a y Data Link er L 2 a y Physical er 1 The OSI Model The TCP/IP Model >A network protocol is a data communication language >A protocol suite is a group of protocols that are designed to work together >Transmission Control Protocol/ Application Internet Protocol Transport (TCP/IP) is the Internet protocol suite used in networks today Network Access The TCP/IP Model The TCP/IP Model >It is the most common network protocol and is required when accessing the Internet >The TCP/IP protocol suite consists of many protocols, including: Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), Internet Protocol (IP), Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), File Transfer Protocol (FTP), and Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), to name a few  Network Addressing Network adapters normally have two types of addresses assigned to them: >A MAC address: a 48-bit unique number that is burned into a chip located on a NIC and is represented in hexadecimal >An IP address can be IPv4 (32 bits) or IPv6 (128 bits) >An IP address is broken into two major parts: > The network number: the portion of an IP address that represents which network the computer is on > The host number/address: represents the specific computer on the network Using IP Addresses Two networks Wireless Networks Overview Wireless Networks >Transmit data over air using either infrared (1 to 400THz range) or radio frequencies (2.4GHz or 5GHz range) >Operate at Layers 1 and 2 of the OSI model Bluetooth >Wireless technology for PANs >Devices include audio/visual products, automotive accessories, keyboards, mice, phones, printer adapters, and other small wireless devices >Works in the 2.4GHz range, similarly to business wireless networks >Has three classes of devices (1, 2, and 3) that have a range of less than 30 feet (less than 10 meters), 33 feet (10 meters), and 328 feet (100 meters) >Newest version (5) supports longer distances, but not defined as to the max. Wireless Network Standards >802.11a: Came after the 802.11b standard. Has speeds up to 54Mb/s but is incompatible with 802.11b. Operates in the 5GHz range. >802.11b: Operates in the 2.4GHz radio frequency ranges, with speeds up to 11Mb/s. >802.11g: Operates in the 2.4GHz range, with speeds up to 54Mb/s, and is backward compatible with 802.11b. Wireless Network Standards, cont’d >802.11n: Operates in the 2.4 and 5GHz ranges and is backward compatible with the older 802.11a, b, and g equipment. Speeds up to 600Mb/s. >802.11ac: Operates only in the 5GHz range, which makes it backward compatible with 802.11n and 802.11a. Speeds up to 6.93Gb/s. >802.11ax: 2.4 and 5 GHz, with 9.6Gb/s speed Wireless Devices >AP (access point) – coordinates wireless connectivity for multiple devices >NIC – allows a device to connect to a wireless network >Router – connects a wireless network to another network (commonly a wired network or the Internet) Wireless Channels >Specific frequency used to create the wireless network >Only devices on the same frequency are on the wireless network >Think of a radio channel Wireless Transmissions >Today’s access points use multiple 2.4 GHz and/or 5 GHz MIMO antennas. >The further away you are from the AP, the slower your device transmits. Wireless Security Options IP Addressing Configuration DHCP addressing Static IP address configuration APIPA >When a Windows computer is set up for DHCP and does not receive an IP address, an automatic private IP address (APIPA) is applied. >APIPA addresses start with 169.254.x.x >Check that the computer has connectivity (cable plugged in). >Try using ipconfig /release and ipconfig /renew to reach the DHCP server again. Default Gateway >The default gateway address is used to allow a network device to reach a device on a different network. >The default gateway address is the IP address of the router connected to the LAN. >The default gateway address is ALWAYS a different IP address in the same network address range. IoT Devices >Smart thermostat – remotely control and provides data on energy consumption >Light Switch – programmed and set on a timer, motion-activated, and/or controlled by voice and/or an app. >Security camera – can provide remote monitoring and be motion-activated >Door lock – allows keyless entry >Voice-enabled smart speakers or digital assistants  Network Troubleshooting > Use the ping command to see if you can reach C:\Users\Cheryl>tracert comptia.org Tracing route to comptia.org [198.134.5.6] over a maximum of 30 hops: other devices on the same network or remote 1 Use the tracert command to see how far the device can reach. Network Troubleshooting (cont.) >Check NIC status lights for cabling or NIC issues >Look for connectivity indicators for wired or wireless Internet connectivity >Check Internet router modem lights Network Servers >DHCP – provide IP addressing information to clients >DNS – translate domain names to IP addresses Important TCP/IP Protocols >DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) – IP addressing information on port 67/68 >DNS (Domain Name System) – translate Internet names and URLs to IP addresses on port 53 >HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) – view information through a browser on port 80 >HTTPS (HTTP over SSL – Secure Sockets Layer) – encrypted HTTP communication on port 443 Important TCP/IP Protocols (cont.) >IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) – email retrieval on port 143 >POP3 (Post Office Protocol) – email retrieval on port 110 >SSH (Secure Shell) – Secure connectivity and file transfer on port 22 >SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) transmits email on port 25