General Chemistry CH-1-Nasser Y. Mostafa PDF

General CHEMISTRY Prof. Nasser Y. Mostafa Chemistry Department – Faculty of Science Suez Canal University  Course Data Course tiltle: General Chemistry Course code: TML 105 Credit hours: 2 hours (2 Lecture) Marks: (Final-written exam 60) + (Mid-term exam 40) =Total 100...

General CHEMISTRY Prof. Nasser Y. Mostafa Chemistry Department – Faculty of Science Suez Canal University  Course Data Course tiltle: General Chemistry Course code: TML 105 Credit hours: 2 hours (2 Lecture) Marks: (Final-written exam 60) + (Mid-term exam 40) =Total 100 Referencesbbbbbbb 1) Raymond Chang, “ General Chemistry” 2) Bahl &Tuli, “Essentials of Physical Chemistry” 3) Lee, “ A New Concise Inorganic Chemistry” Telegram General Chemistry SCU Week No.of Lecture topic No. hours 1 2 Fundamental concepts of chemistry 2 2 Atomic structure 3 2 bonding 4 2 States of matter 5 2 Liquids and solids 6 2 Solutions 7 2 Chemical Reactions and reactivity 8 2 Chemical Equilibrium 3-Topics and contents 9 2 Ionic Equilibrium 10 2 Solubility product 11 2 Thermochemistry 12 2 Organic Chemistry 13 2 Alkanes- Alkenes - Alkynes 3  Chapter 1 Introduction Aims of the course Not to produce Chemists! To show the relevance of Chemistry in Food ,Drugs and Health To promote critical assessment of information in the media ie. “Intellectual Triage” of Food, Drug and Health concerns, trends, new ideas etc. To get student participation! Chemistry is the branch of science that studies the composition and properties of matter and the changes that matter undergoes Understanding the world at atomic and molecular level 5  The Study of Chemistry Macroscopic Microscopic Objects that are large Objects that are too small to be seen enough to be seen with the without the use of a microscope. It naked eye deals atomic or molecular level, 2Fe + 1.5 O2 → Fe2O3 Understanding the world at atomic and molecular level 6  The Study of Chemistry Macroscopic Microscopic Coronavirus Understanding the world at atomic and molecular level 7  The Study of Chemistry Macroscopic Microscopic Genetics Understanding the world at atomic and molecular level 8 Course Aim To provide students with the basic concepts and essential knowledge in general chemistry. The 5 Traditional Branches of Chemistry ⚫ Inorganic ⚫ Organic ⚫ Analytical Health ⚫ Physical Science ⚫ Biochemistry  Elements are the fundamental substances of chemistry and are composed of atoms. ~115 different elements have been identified, eg. hydrogen, phosphorus, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, helium, carbon, calcium, iron, sodium, chlorine. Elements cannot be decomposed or converted to simpler substances or other elements by any common form of energy, eg. heat, light, electricity, sound, magnetism. Only neutron bombardment can induce fission of some nuclei (ie 236U) causing decay to other elements and release of energy. A compound is a pure substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more different elements in a specific ratio (examples: H2O and DNA). Molecules are groups of two or more atoms held together by the forces of chemical bonds. H2 and O2 are molecules but not compounds.  An ion is an atom or group of atoms that carries an electrical charge. An anion is a negatively charged ion. A cation is a positively charged ion. Electrolytes are substances that conduct electricity when dissolved in water, or when melted if they don’t dissolve. Those that don’t are nonelectrolytes.  Extensive and Intensive Properties An extensive property of a material depends upon how much matter is is being considered. mass length volume An intensive property of a material does not depend upon how much matter is is being considered. density temperature color International System of Units (SI) 15 Volume – SI derived unit for volume is cubic meter (m3) 1 cm3 = (1 x 10-2 m)3 = 1 x 10-6 m3 1 dm3 = (1 x 10-1 m)3 = 1 x 10-3 m3 1 L = 1000 mL = 1000 cm3 = 1 dm3 1 mL = 1 cm3 16  Density – SI derived unit for density is kg/m3 1 g/cm3 = 1 g/mL = 1000 kg/m3 mass m density = d= V volume A piece of platinum metal with a density of 21.5 g/cm3 has a volume of 4.49 cm3. What is its mass? m d= V m = d x V = 21.5 g/cm3 x 4.49 cm3 = 96.5 g 17 18 A Comparison of Temperature Scales K = 0C + 273.15 273 K = 0 0C 373 K = 100 0C 0F = 9 x 0C + 32 5 32 0F = 0 0C 212 0F = 100 0C 19  Scientific Notation The number of atoms in 12 g of carbon: 602,200,000,000,000,000,000,000 6.022 x 1023 The mass of a single carbon atom in grams: 0.0000000000000000000000199 1.99 x 10-23 N x 10n N is a number n is a positive or between 1 and 10 negative integer 20