CFP 00105 Chemistry 1 – Chapter 1 PDF

July 2024 Semester July 2024 Semester CFP 00105 FOUNDATION IN SCIENCE July 2024 CFP 00105 FOUNDATION IN SCIENCE...

July 2024 Semester July 2024 Semester CFP 00105 FOUNDATION IN SCIENCE July 2024 CFP 00105 FOUNDATION IN SCIENCE July 2024 1 2 Chemistry is the study of & the it undergoes. is anything that and Can be physically separated..?. Matter exists in The Can be chemically composition is decomposed? is a form of matter that has a uniform? definite composition and discrete properties. Homogeneous Heterogeneous Mixture Mixture Compound Element CFP 00105 FOUNDATION IN SCIENCE July 2024 CFP 00105 FOUNDATION IN SCIENCE July 2024 3 4  July 2024 Semester – a substance that consists of only one type of substance and have a fixed composition. CFP 00105 FOUNDATION IN SCIENCE July 2024 CFP 00105 FOUNDATION IN SCIENCE July 2024 5 6 CFP 00105 FOUNDATION IN SCIENCE July 2024 CFP 00105 FOUNDATION IN SCIENCE July 2024 7 8  July 2024 Semester : the smallest particle of an element that has the properties of that element, very small in size & very light. : consists of two or more atoms joined by strong forces called chemical bonds. CFP 00105 FOUNDATION IN SCIENCE July 2024 CFP 00105 FOUNDATION IN SCIENCE July 2024 9 10  Only a few elements exist as individual atoms.  Many molecules consist of two or more atoms  Most elements exist as molecules where two or of different elements. more atoms of the same element are bonded  Atoms in all types of molecules move as a unit. together. CFP 00105 FOUNDATION IN SCIENCE July 2024 CFP 00105 FOUNDATION IN SCIENCE July 2024 11 12  July 2024 Semester Atoms & molecules can exist as an which contain a net positive charge or negative charge. Among the first to suggest the existence of atoms (from the Greek word “atomos” meaning indivisible). Formulated his atomic theory based on experiment. CFP 00105 FOUNDATION IN SCIENCE July 2024 CFP 00105 FOUNDATION IN SCIENCE July 2024 13 14 Dalton’s Atomic Theory (1803) Each element is composed of extremely Discovered electrons. small particles called atoms. The atoms of one element are different from the atoms of other elements. Compounds are formed when atoms of more than one element combine. Discovered nucleus & protons. Chemical reactions only involve the rearrangement of atoms – atoms are not created or destroyed. CFP 00105 FOUNDATION IN SCIENCE July 2024 CFP 00105 FOUNDATION IN SCIENCE July 2024 15 16  July 2024 Semester Said that electrons orbit the nucleus (like the planets around the Sun). Developed electron cloud model. The sub-atomic particles of an atom CFP 00105 FOUNDATION IN SCIENCE July 2024 CFP 00105 FOUNDATION IN SCIENCE July 2024 17 18 CFP 00105 FOUNDATION IN SCIENCE July 2024 CFP 00105 FOUNDATION IN SCIENCE July 2024 19 20  July 2024 Semester are arranged in orbitals or shells around the of an atom. CFP 00105 FOUNDATION IN SCIENCE July 2024 CFP 00105 FOUNDATION IN SCIENCE July 2024 21 22 CFP 00105 FOUNDATION IN SCIENCE July 2024 CFP 00105 FOUNDATION IN SCIENCE July 2024 23 24  July 2024 Semester CFP 00105 FOUNDATION IN SCIENCE July 2024 CFP 00105 FOUNDATION IN SCIENCE July 2024 25 26 Sum of the relative atomic masses (Ar) of each atom within a molecule. CFP 00105 FOUNDATION IN SCIENCE July 2024 CFP 00105 FOUNDATION IN SCIENCE July 2024 27 28  July 2024 Semester CFP 00105 FOUNDATION IN SCIENCE July 2024 CFP 00105 FOUNDATION IN SCIENCE July 2024 29 30 The mass of one mole of substance is referred to as its Molar Mass. Equal to A r or Mr but has a unit of g/mol. CFP 00105 FOUNDATION IN SCIENCE July 2024 CFP 00105 FOUNDATION IN SCIENCE July 2024 31 32  July 2024 Semester CFP 00105 FOUNDATION IN SCIENCE July 2024 CFP 00105 FOUNDATION IN SCIENCE July 2024 33 34 Cl2 (g) CFP 00105 FOUNDATION IN SCIENCE July 2024 CFP 00105 FOUNDATION IN SCIENCE July 2024 35 36  July 2024 Semester CFP 00105 FOUNDATION IN SCIENCE July 2024 CFP 00105 FOUNDATION IN SCIENCE July 2024 37 38 C H N Mass of element 74.2 g 8.64 g 17.2 g No. of moles = 6.183 mol = 8.64 mol = 1.23 mol Mole ratio = 5.02 = 7.02 = 1.00 CFP 00105 FOUNDATION IN SCIENCE July 2024 CFP 00105 FOUNDATION IN SCIENCE July 2024 39 40  July 2024 Semester CFP 00105 FOUNDATION IN SCIENCE July 2024 CFP 00105 FOUNDATION IN SCIENCE July 2024 41 42