Cells Metabolism & Respiration.pdf

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY CELLS METABOLISM AND RESPIRATION Steve Casarez, RN, MICN, Paramedic Pathophysiology Cellular Tasks Cells require energy for Three (3) specific tasks: 1. To stimulate a Metabolic Reaction 2. To Transport needed substances across membranes 3. And to do Mechanical Work such...

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY CELLS METABOLISM AND RESPIRATION Steve Casarez, RN, MICN, Paramedic Pathophysiology Cellular Tasks Cells require energy for Three (3) specific tasks: 1. To stimulate a Metabolic Reaction 2. To Transport needed substances across membranes 3. And to do Mechanical Work such as moving muscles Metabolism “your cells need the energy to create energy” Cell Metabolism ✓ Is the sum of all physical chemical changes that occur in the body ✓ These physical changes require energy Anabolism “eating small foods” Anabolic ✓ Building larger substances from smaller substances ig: Building proteins from amino acids Catabolism “eating the large foods” Catabolic ✓ Is the breakdown of larger molecules into smaller ones ig: Breaking down of carbohydrates, fats, proteins Cells Respiration Why Cell Respiration? ✓ All metabolic function requires energy ✓ Utilization of glucose by the cell is Oxidation ✓ Result is Co2, H2O, ATP or Acid ✓ ATP is the work horse of the cell…!!!! ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE Cell Respiration Three (3) forms of cellular production and energy ✓ ATP is the true source of cellular energy ✓ 36 ATP is needed for optimal cellular function ✓ Provides energy for body functions ✓ Requires energy to produce energy ✓ Is broken down into 3 stages 1. Glycolysis 2. Krebs Cycle 3. Electron Transport Chains  Cellular Metabolism “cellular energy production” How acids are produced during metabolism (chemical change): WORST = Glycolysis (stage 1) Does not utilize glucose efficiently Byproduct: pyruvic acid, lactic acid, CO2, and limited ATP production SATISFACTORY = Krebs Cycle (stage 2) Breaks down glucose in oxygen and non-oxygen environments Byproduct: pyruvic acid, lactic acid, CO2, H20, ATP BEST = Electron Transport Chain (stage 3) Produces 34-36 ATP and CO2 However, only functions in an oxygen rich environment Glycolysis 1st stage is Glycolysis ✓ ATP stabilizes the glucose molecule ✓ ATP prepares for further breakdown ✓ Not a very good use of glucose ✓ Byproduct: Pyruvic Acid, ATP  Krebs Cycle 2nd stage is the Krebs Cycle or also known as (the citric acid cycle) Very important for Paramedics to understand and will help to comprehend the utilization of energy, shock, disease processes, etCo2, and drug treatments. ✓ Breaks down glucose within an Oxygen and Non-Oxygen environment ▪ Aerobic respiration (utilization of oxygen) ▪ Anaerobic respiration (no oxygen) ✓ Breaks down Pyruvic Acid left over by Glycolysis Byproduct: Pyruvic Acid, Co2, H2O and ATP  Carbon Dioxide Carbon Dioxide (CO2) is transported from cells in 3 forms 1. 65% is bicarbonate following conversion 2. 25% is bound to blood proteins (oxygen & hemoglobin) 3. 10% is in plasma solution CO2 easily diffuses across a cellular membrane CO2 is a byproduct of Bicarbonate Carbon Dioxide & Kidney Function  The Kidney filters waste products produced by cellular metabolism and muscle breakdown.  Kidney also regulates bicarbonate.  Once your Kidney converts bicarbonate, the byproduct is carbon dioxide (CO2) which is a weak acid.  Sodium bicarbonate treatment regimen has a byproduct of carbon dioxide CO2 (acid). This may elevate serum blood carbon dioxide and elevate expired capnography. Non-Oxygen Environment Anaerobic Respirations ✓ No oxygen to the cells ✓ Glycolysis continues to break down glucose ✓ Pyruvic Acid cannot be oxidized ✓ Pyruvic Acid turns into Lactic Acid ✓ Lactic Acid conditions turn quickly into Metabolic Acidosis Oxygen Rich Environment Aerobic Respiration ✓ Adequate Oxygen to the cells ✓ Krebs Cycle can breakdown Pyruvic Acid ✓ It’s able to utilize glucose to create energy efficiently ✓ Creates Co2 and ATP (2 ATP) ✓ Can move into the final stage of Cellular Respiration How do you correct elevated Co2 in your system? Electron Transport System The 3rd stage is the Electron Transport Chain ✓ Final stage of Cellular Respiration ✓ ATP is produced in great numbers (34 ATP) ✓ Is part of the Krebs Cycle ✓ Functions under Aerobic conditions ONLY…!!!! Pathophysiology Your Cellular Respirations Final Score and Goal is: 36 ATP Cellular Exhaust Pathway Assessment Relationship Review Dying Patients: Cardiac Arrest TX: Chest Compressions “Prime The Heart” Sick Patients: Shock Sick TX: Sepsis Blood / Crystalloids Oxygen Healthy Patients Pathophysiology Thank you!