Cell Structure & Function PDF

CellStructure Function similar issuesformorgans cardiovascularsystemDifferentsystemsinteractto ffgn.mn Cell...

CellStructure Function similar issuesformorgans cardiovascularsystemDifferentsystemsinteractto ffgn.mn Cell Tissue organ organsystem organism anddata faffmonasystemb Similarcellsformtissues Different yea Haematoxylin Intro to the cell eosin HIE Nucleus dark blue Cell is the smallest functional unitofthebodythecell cytoplasm slightpink has to 00 Obtain nutrients fromit's surrounding Dispose waste Maintain it's share a replicate t.ie ffgftgffftgffEty fiagffeteae Prokaryotic cells Eukaryotic cell Nonucleus Havenucleus plasmamembrane Cytoplasm Structures in the cytoplasm GGcell organelles containthecentralbodies Cytoplasmicor Cell inclusions likefatscarbohydratedepositspigments ffhfnaretiaes mpygfffff.gs Cellmembrane or Plasmamembrane The low permability to ions and high permability to liquidsoluble suggesttha that it's composedof lipids and proteinThat'swhy the cellmembrane plays a crucialrole in the way acellinteracts with it'senvironmentand it transfersnutrientsandmetabolites and attaches to adjacent cells lavingboth The Fluid Mosaic Model ydrophilic The bilayer ofphospholipidmolecules ydrophobic are amphipathic Polarhydrophilic arts head and nonpolarhydrophobic tails Theweakforcesbetweenthephospholipidsallowthemto movefreelymakingthemembranefluidandflexible 5 J Singer Garth1972  Cellstructure Function Plasmamembrane channelprotein Pores or channelsthrough the membrane Theyallowsubstances to flow in or out of the cellbecausetheycontrolthemovement ofions or molecules Fromhighconcentration to low Protein carriers Theychange shapeto transport substancesacrossthemembrane theyselect specific molecules onone sideandreleasethem on theother theyalsoTranspor protein Receptors Typically glycoprotein they receive signals andrespond to them ffIIesapotevarrirgainstasubstancesandhepmainta.in it shape fromexternalforces elpstheimmuneThe Membrane Proteins Ystemrecognize whetheracellisThey help maintainthe cell's homeostasis givethecell immunologicalidenti artofthebodyor and act as receptor for hormones and chemicalmessengers affginmostly if antibodies areinvolvedthey will went frominteract with the exotoxin and the host cell will remain alive if noantibodies thehostcellw diebecausetheexotoxinreceptorwill interactwiththe exotoxin Asmentionedbeforeplasmamembrane regulatewhatenter and leavethebodyby DiffusionFromhigh tolow gasoraminoacids Osmosis is samebutforwater concentration Endocytosis cellsengulfinmaterial Phagocytosis celltakesin solid foodexamplebacteria Pinocytosis cell takes influid Exocytosis Cellsexportmaterial  Cell Structure Function Passivetransport facilitated diffusion doesn'tcost energywaterglucoseions highconto10 Active transport againsttheconcentrationgradien lowcontohighATPneededtomovesodiumionsoutof th cellandpotassiumionsintothecellagainsttheconc gradient The Nucleus boldi'sgeiietiiiiaiif.in The largestorganene in the cell contains the It is the controlcenter ofthecell Spherical Structure Neclearenvelope Consistsof 2layers separatesthe nucleuscontentfromthecellularcytoplasmthe outerlipidbilayeris theroughendoplasmicreticulum andtheinnernuclearmembranehas Nuclear lamina consistsof polypeptidescalledlaminait's meshworkwithinthenucleusandaddsmechanicalsupport Nuclear pores Thenuclearenvelopecontainspores it allowsmovementofmolecules acrosstheenvelope Nucleus and ribosome responsible for protein synthesis The Cytoplasm Thepartthat Surrounds the cellmembrane Most cellular activity occur there Contains the organelles so sugar water microfilaments cytosol intracellular fluid it is theliquid foundinside 9s microtubules 44 Edition idents cytoplasmicinclusionsSmallnonlivingsubstances foundwithinthecytosol EEG Fats lipids Pigment melanin crystals crystals ofprotein provide storage Glycogen in liver cell when youconsumecarbohydrates glucose the Sh m liver cell takes it andsynthesiz to glycogen Whenbloodsugar islowthe liverbreaks downglycogen to glucose tomaintainenergylevel  Cell Structure function example Lipids in the liver cells excesscaloriesareconverted totriglycerideandstored 9 term in thelivercell Whenthebodyneedsenergyfasting triglyceride isbrokendown energy to fattyacidandglycerolandused for energy Cytoplasmic organelles each organelle in the cellvarysdependingonth need ofeachtissue andit's specific function Endoplasmic reticulum Network ofmembrane connectedtothe double laenednucleus envelope G Manufactures process and transport chemical compoundsinside outsidethe Rough ER coveredwith fzgyyyyyyyyfy.gg ribosomes production ofprotein ygyyyyyyyygyyyygygg.gg gigggy.gg Smooth ER synthesizelipids metabolite carbohydrates calcium detoxification ofpoisons anddrugs SER releases calcium to triggermuscle contraction ain muscle cellsspecializing in lipids carbohydrate metabolism liver ofdetoxificationusuallyhavemore of SER Ribosomes cluster Polyribosomes composed ofanteins and rRNA Have 2sizebutbothareforproteinsynthesis smalltranslationpnfgfge.IE sdm Found on nuclear envelope roughER free in cytoplasm p Golgi apparatus Consists of foldedmembrane sacs Protein synthesis in roughER are transportedhere forstorage packing anddelivering proteinwhenneeded Secretoryvesicletransportsand processesproteins lipids essentialfordelivering andmodifyingthemolecules  CellStructure function Lysosomes typeofsecretory vesicle formedby golgi appartus Digestive enzyme in white bloodcellstheycontain enzymes neededto digest microbes Breaking RNA DNA carbohydrates proteins pathogenspreform phagocytosis andexocytosis breakdown then redmoves Mitochondria cellularpowerplant double layered foldedinnermembrane OwnDNA producesenergymainly in the formof adenosine triphosphate ATP Peroxisomes Get rid of toxic substances Contain enzymes that convert thehydrogen peroxide forkillingpathogens towater tokeepthecell safe Cytoskeleton Maintaincellsshape movement of organellesandpolarity ofthecell Consist of tiny protein strands actin microfilaments Actin Microfilament Resisttension maintain cellularshapebethey are tightly wrapped f together Composed of actinchains forms microvilli function toincrease surface area for absorption bsecretionParticipates in celltocell and cellto matrix activities nuclei microtubules Intermediate filament bind intracellular structures to eachotherand to plasmamembrane attachtoorganelles cytokeration in epithelialcell supporting networkwithincytoplasm contractile Microtubules composed of proteininvolved in organelles movement chromosomes during celldivision centrosome andcell extension Ginvolved in cellularmovement Ex Cilia Shorthairlike more fluids acrossthe cell surface found fallopian tube totransport eggsfrom ovaries to uterus  Questions What is peroxisomes Whatenzyme is associated withit speeds upthe Catalase is theenzymeassociated withperoxisomesince it catalyze the decompolite of hydrogenperoxide which is produced by peroxisomes Label the followingdiagram