CE141 Lecture 11 Thermal and Moisture Protection 2024 PDF

THERMAL INSULATION AND VAPOR BARRIERS What is thermal protection? - The use of proper insulation materials and design adaptations for structures to slow down the heat transfer from the other external or internal factors through the enclosure to decrease heat loss and gain.  Thermal Ins...

THERMAL INSULATION AND VAPOR BARRIERS What is thermal protection? - The use of proper insulation materials and design adaptations for structures to slow down the heat transfer from the other external or internal factors through the enclosure to decrease heat loss and gain.  Thermal Insulators  R VALUE - Way of measuring the material’s resistance or protection to heat flow - The higher the R-Value of a material, the higher its resistance capability  FIBERGLASS - Made of finely woven silicon, glass powder and tiny shards of glass - R-Value: 3.1/inch  MINERAL WOOL - Poor for use in extreme heat. Yet it is not combustible - R-Value: 3.1/inch  cellulose - Made from recycled papers, and cardboards or any similar type, thus making it the most eco-friendly types of insulation - R-Value: 3.7/inch  polyurethane - Excellent type of insulation - Uses non chlorofluorocarbon as a blowing agent - R-Value: 6.3/inch  polystyrene - Perfect for sound and temperature insulation - A waterproof thermoplastic foam - R-Value: 4.0/inch SUMMARY VApor Barrier What is moisture protection? ➔ Barrier that includes materials used to seal the exterior of the building against moisture.  ➔ Older term but still used. ➔ Also known as vapor diffusion retarder (more accurate). Vapor Barrier ➔ It is a material that decreases the rate at which water vapor can move through a material. ➔ Used in structure development to block moisture from damaging the fabric of the building. ➔ Measured in units known as “perms” or permeability. ➔ Vapor barriers only slow down moisture due to diffusion, whereas most moisture Retrieved from https://www.americover.com/diy/vapor-barrier-vs-vapor- penetrates the walls either through retarder/ capillary fluid action or as a water vapor through air leakage. Vapor Barrier Three classes of water barriers describes by the International Residential Code: Class I - 0.1 perms or less (Impermeable) Class II - greater than 0.1 perms and less than or equal to 1.0 perms (Semi-Permeable) 1. Glass 1. Unfaced expanded or extruded 2. Sheet metal polystyrene 3. Polyethylene sheet 2. 30 pound asphalt coated paper 4. Rubber membrane 3. Plywood 4. Bitumen coated kraft paper Vapor Barrier Three classes of water barriers describes by the International Residential Code: Class III - greater than 1.0 perms and less than or equal to 10 perms (Permeable) 1. Gypsum board 5. Concrete block 2. Fiberglass insulation (unfaced) 6. Brick 3. Cellulose insulation 7. 15-pound asphalt coated paper 4. Board lumber 8. House wrap  Vapor barrier can help control moisture in: Basements Ceilings Crawlspaces Floors Slab-on-grade foundations Wall Retrieved from Google Images BONDING AGENTS, SEALERS, And sealants Bonding agents - Are natural compounded or manufactured materials used without mechanical fasteners to improve the joining of individual members of structure. application Factors affecting bonding - these products are - The strength and frequently used in integrity of the old repair applications, for surface. example, the bonding of - The cleanliness a recently created of the old surface. concrete, sprayed concrete or sand/cement repair mortar to solidified concrete.  Types of bonding agents 1. lATEX emulsions Characteristics - Some have relatively greater degree of water resistance compared to other materials. - Usually stable in cement or water system Applications - Prepare a clean cement slurry that utilizes the latex as a part of the water mixture Types of lATEX emulsions 1. Styrene-Butadiene Rubber (SBR) - Used in cementitious compounds. - Known to coagulate whenever exposed to high and low temperatures, or extreme mechanical action for delayed timeframes. Types of lATEX emulsions 2. Acrylic - Used in cementitious compounds in much a similar way as SBR latex. - Physical properties run from soft elastomers to hard plastics. Types of lATEX emulsions 3. Polyvinyl Acetate (PVA) Two main types of PVAs that is used to repair: A. Non-Re-Emulsifiable PVA B. Emulsifiable PVA - Has water resistance, - Can be softened with water. ultraviolet stability, and aging characteristics -Used as bonding agent for plaster -Used as bonding agent and as binder for cementitious paints -Used to bond finisher-coat (water-based) and waterproofing gypsum, or Portland Cement coatings. Plaster, to inner surfaces of cured cast in-place concrete.  Types of bonding agents 2. Epoxy resin hardener - Created by combining a mixture of two starting compounds, a resin and a hardener. - Makes the concrete very strong and waterproof, which makes it ideal for industrial flooring resin and roofing. Photo retrieved from epoxymix.com 2. Epoxy resin Applications - Involved in making metal tank or concrete tank for storing oil or drinking water - Improve chemical resistance properties of treated surface, but beware of the bond breakers. Epoxy can be classified according to: type, grade & class ** Photo retrieved from google images Classifications of epoxy resin According to Type According to Grade According to Class 1. Type I 1. Grade 1 1. Class A For hardened concrete Consists of low System to be use to bond with another viscosity materials below 5°C hardened concrete. 1. Grade 2 1. Class B 1. Type II Consists of medium System to be use For hardened concrete viscosity materials between 5°C to 15°C to bond with freshly mixed concrete. 1. Class C 1. Grade 3 1. Type III System to be use Consists of high viscosity materials above 15°C For use as binders in epoxy mortars or concrete. Photo retrieved from epoxymix.com Sealers and sealants Sealers - Sealers are products applied to surfaces that help concrete dry, since it prevent water absorption. ★ Types of Concrete Sealers Penetrating Acrylics Polyurethanes Epoxy Photos retrieved from Google Image Sealers and sealants Sealants - Most commonly known as caulks. - Sealants fill voids, gaps, cracks, and joints. Photos retrieved from Google Image ROOFING SYSTEM Significance -The materials involved for roofing systems deteriorate due to weather exposure. The rate of deterioration is highly affected by the type of materials used and on the conditions that these are exposed to. Types of Roofing System - Steep Slope Roofing - Membrane Roofing Steep Slope Roofing - These are roofing systems with a slope greater than 0.25 (1:4). Membrane Roofing - These are applicable to roofs with a slope less than 0.25. membrane Roofing Configuration - Single Ply - Thermosets - Thermoplastics - Modified Bitumens - Built-Up (Multiple Ply) - Smooth Surface - Gravel Surface - Mineral Surface Single Ply  - Derived from rubber polymers Thermosets - Most commonly used material is ‘ethylene propylene diene monomer’ (EPDM) - Can endure the negative effects of sunlight  - Derived from plastic polymers - Most commonly used Thermosplastics material is ‘polyvinvyl chloride’ (PVC) - Are more flexible due to plasticizers, a known additive to polymers  - A combination of a Modified Bitumen single ply and built-up roofing - This uses rubber or plastic for the fabrication of layers  Built-up (Multiple Ply)  - No gravel or aggregate Smooth Surface toppings - Usually lightweight - Damages can be seen easily  - Aggregates are layered on the top membrane of a gravel-surfaced roof Gravel Surface after application of bitumen - This type of BUR is limited to a maximum of 3-inch sloping so gravels are prevented from slipping  - A top sheet can be Mineral Surface acquired with weathering grade asphalt attached with mineral granules REFERENCES 5 most common thermal insulation materials. (2011, June). https://www.thermaxxjackets.com/5-most-common-thermal- insulation-materials/ Choosing the best concrete sealer for your project. (2017, November). Retrieved from: www.nca.ca/news-and-events/choose- best-concrete-sealer Hebasayeed. (2015, August 31). Bonding Agents. Retrieved from: www.slideshare.net/hebasayeed/bonding-agents-52259946 Johnson, T. (2019). What is epoxy resin used in. Thoughtco. Retrieved from: www.thoughtco.com/what-is-epoxy-resin-820372 ToolboxDIY. (2017, April). Choosing a Concrete Sealer. Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pXGfoRfoYBk REFERENCES Schroeder, D. (n.d.). Vapor Barriers or Vapor Diffusion Retarders. Retrieved from https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/weatherize/moisture-control/vapor-barriers-or-vapor- diffusion-retarders. Roof system types. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.everybodyneedsaroof.com/roof-system- types. What is Membrane Roofing: Membrane Roofing for Flat Roofs. (2018, March 9). Retrieved from https://www.eaglewatchroofing.com/roofing-materials/what-is-membrane-roofing/.