CE 112 - Civil Engineering Orientation BSCE 1B PDF

President Ramon Magsaysay State University Civil Engineering Department CE 112 – Civil Engineering Orientation BSCE 1B A written report presented by: Group 6...

President Ramon Magsaysay State University Civil Engineering Department CE 112 – Civil Engineering Orientation BSCE 1B A written report presented by: Group 6 Apostol, Simon Gian, S Cipria, Gabriel Soliven, S. Fabay, Christian Jay L. Padrique, Christine Mhae (BS Civil Engineering-1st year, Class 1B) INTRODUCTION: Civil Engineering and Society and other Professions (Module 3 | CE112)  President Ramon Magsaysay State University Civil Engineering Department CE 112 – Civil Engineering Orientation BSCE 1B MODULE 3: SPECIALIZATIONS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING 3.4 WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING It is a huge field which involves managing available water resources from the standpoint of both water quantity and water quality to meet the water needs of humanity and habitats at the local, regional, national or international level. It is also a professional discipline for the stewardship and sustainable use of the world's water. A crucial specialization within civil engineering that focuses on the design, analysis, and management of systems that control, utilize, and conserve water resource s. A vital field for ensuring sustainable water supply, flood control, wastewater management, and the preservation of aquatic ecosystems.: Key Aspects 1. Design and Management: design systems and equipment to manage water resources effectively, which includes water treatment facilities, dams, reservoirs, and irrigation systems. 2. Sustainability: Water resources engineers work to ensure the sustainable use of water resources, balancing human needs with environmental protection. This involves planning and implementing strategies to conserve water and improve its quality. 3. Flood Control and Management: Engineers in this field develop flood control systems, to protect communities from flooding. And designs drainage systems to manage stormwater. (levees and floodways) 4. Water Supply and Distribution: Ensuring a reliable supply of clean water for consumption and industrial use is a critical part of their work. This includes designing pipelines, storage tanks, and distribution networks. 5. Environmental Impact: Water resources engineers assess and mitigate the environmental impacts of water related projects. They ensure compliance with regulations and work to protect aquatic ecosystems.  President Ramon Magsaysay State University Civil Engineering Department CE 112 – Civil Engineering Orientation BSCE 1B Water Resources Management Refers to the process of planning, developing and maintaining the use of water resources to meet the needs of society which includes the management of surface water and groundwater resources as well as the management of water quality and water supply One of the keys in water resource management is ensuring that there is enough water to meet the needs of a growing population. It includes managing the demand for water and supply of water. Challenge in water resources management Managing the quality of water resources which includes the levels of pollutants in the and the effect of climate change on water resources. THREE (3) MAIN CATEGORIES OF WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING Groundwater Engineering: another name for hydrogeology, is a branch of engineering which is concerned with groundwater movement and design of wells, pumps, and drains. It focuses on modeling and managing subsurface water and designing extraction systems Hydrological Engineering: Topics commonly covered include urban drainage, water supply, wastewater treatment, river management and coastal protection. *Hydrology- is primarily associated with watershed and river modeling and understanding interactions between atmospheric, surface, and subsurface water. Hydraulic Engineering: (or hydromechanics) consists of the application of fluid mechanics to water flowing in an isolated environment (pipe, pump) or in an open channel (river, lake, ocean. It deals with the technical challenges involved with water infrastructure and sewerage design FUNCTIONS OF A WATER RESOURCES ENGINEER They generally deals with the provision of water for human use, and the development of techniques for the prevention of destruction from floods. They are responsible for the planning, design, and management of systems and projects that control, use, and conserve water resources. Their work is critical for ensuring the sustainable and efficient use of water while minimizing environmental impact.  President Ramon Magsaysay State University Civil Engineering Department CE 112 – Civil Engineering Orientation BSCE 1B Primary functions of a Water Resources Engineer: 1. Hydrological Analysis and Modeling-used to answer environmental transport questions where water excess is the primary importance Study the Hydrological Cycle: Analyze the movement and distribution of water through precipitation, infiltration, evaporation, and runoff Predict Floods and Droughts: Use hydrological models to simulate and predict floods, droughts, and other water-related events. Watershed Management: Analyze and manage watersheds to balance water usage, prevent erosion, and reduce the risk of floods Rainfall-Runoff Modeling: Develop models to understand how rainfall transforms into runoff, a key factor in flood control and water storage 2. Design of Water Supply Systems- significantly depends on spatial characteristics. Urban Water Supply: Design systems that ensure a reliable and sustainable water supply to cities and towns. Distribution Networks: Plan and design water distribution systems, including pipes, reservoirs, and pumping stations, to ensure efficient water delivery. Source Development: Identify and develop water sources (rivers, lakes, reservoirs, aquifers) for human consumption and agricultural use. 3.Wastewater Treatment and Management- a process which removes and eliminates contaminants from wastewater. Design Wastewater Treatment Plants: Plan and design facilities that treat sewage and industrial wastewater before releasing it into the environment. Sewage Collection Systems: Design and manage sewage networks to transport wastewater efficiently to treatment plants. Pollution Control: Develop strategies and systems to reduce water pollution from urban, agricultural, and industrial sources.  President Ramon Magsaysay State University Civil Engineering Department CE 112 – Civil Engineering Orientation BSCE 1B 4. Flood Control and Management- refers to all methods used to reduce or prevent the detrimental effects of flood waters Flood Risk Assessment: Analyze areas prone to flooding and assess the risks to infrastructure and populations. Flood Mitigation Structures: Design and implement flood control systems, such as levees, dams, retention basins, and floodways. Emergency Response Planning: Develop and implement strategies for emergency response during flood events to minimize damage and ensure public safety. 5. Hydraulic Engineering- an engineering specialty that handles and controls various water- based resources. Open Channel Flow: Design systems to manage the flow of water in open channels, such as rivers, canals, and drainage ditches. Pipe Flow: Work on hydraulic systems that manage water flow through pipes, including pressure management and pump design. Dam and Reservoir Design: Develop and oversee the construction of dams and reservoirs to store water, control floods, and generate hydropower. Irrigation Systems: Design and manage irrigation systems for agricultural purposes to optimize water use efficiency. 6. Stormwater Management- means to manage surface runoff. Urban Drainage Systems: Design stormwater drainage systems in urban areas to prevent flooding and reduce surface runoff. Green Infrastructure: Incorporate sustainable design elements such as green roofs, permeable pavements, and wetlands to manage stormwater and promote groundwater recharge. Erosion Control: Implement measures to prevent soil erosion caused by stormwater runoff in both urban and rural environments.  President Ramon Magsaysay State University Civil Engineering Department CE 112 – Civil Engineering Orientation BSCE 1B 7. Groundwater Management- provide a sufficient amount and quality of water for human productivity. Aquifer Management: Assess and manage groundwater resources by monitoring aquifer recharge and sustainable extraction. Groundwater Flow Modeling: Develop models to simulate groundwater flow and predict the impacts of pumping, pollution, and climate change. Well Design and Management: Design water wells for municipal, agricultural, and industrial use, ensuring sustainable extraction practices. 8. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)- a comprehensive evaluation of the likely effects of a project that significantly affect the environment. Assess Environmental Impact: Evaluate the environmental impact of water-related projects such as dam construction, water diversion, and large-scale irrigation. Sustainability Planning: Ensure that water resource projects are designed to minimize ecological disruption and promote sustainable water use. Water Quality Monitoring: Develop and implement systems to monitor and improve water quality in rivers, lakes, and groundwater 9. Coastal and Marine Engineering- concerned with the specific demands posed by constructing at or near the coast, as well as the development of the coast itself. Coastal Protection: Design coastal structures, such as seawalls, breakwaters, and dunes, to protect against erosion and flooding Marine Hydrodynamics: Study the behavior of water in coastal and marine environments, particularly wave dynamics and tidal flows Estuary Management: Develop strategies to manage estuarine ecosystems, balancing environmental health with human needs for water and land.  President Ramon Magsaysay State University Civil Engineering Department CE 112 – Civil Engineering Orientation BSCE 1B 10. Climate Change Adaptation- refers to actions that help reduce vulnerability to the current or expected impacts of climate change Water Resource Planning: Develop long-term strategies for water resource management in the face of climate change, accounting for changes in precipitation patterns, sea-level rise, and extreme weather events. Drought Management: Plan and implement strategies to manage water supplies during periods of drought, including water conservation and storage techniques. Resilience Building: Design water infrastructure to be resilient against climate change impacts, such as more intense storms and rising temperatures. 11. Regulatory Compliance and Policy Development- process of adhering to laws, regulations and standards. Ensure Compliance: Work with local, national, and international regulations regarding water quality, flood control, and environmental protection Policy Development: Contribute to the development of water management policies, water rights, and sustainable usage frameworks. Stakeholder Engagement: Collaborate with government bodies, environmental groups, and communities to ensure that water resource projects align with regulatory and social requirements. 12. Research and Innovation- rainwater harvesting, wastewater treatment and reuse, smart irrigation practices, water conservation in residential and industrial sectors, and flood management systems. New Technologies: Develop and implement innovative solutions for water management, such as desalination, advanced water treatment technologies, and smart water grids. Data Collection and Analysis: Use advanced data analysis techniques, including geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing, to improve water resource management. WREs play a crucial role in managing one of our most vital resources—water—by combining technical expertise with sustainability practices. They ensure the availability of clean water, flood protection, and the conservation of natural ecosystems.  President Ramon Magsaysay State University Civil Engineering Department CE 112 – Civil Engineering Orientation BSCE 1B EXAMPLE PROJECTS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS IN WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING Farm Irrigation System. - Diverting water from the water source - Conveying it to individual fields within the farm - Distributing it within each field - Providing a means for measuring and regulating flows Water Treatment Plant - To keep water travels to homes and businesses. It will make sure the water has low levels of the chemical disinfectant when it leaves the treatment plant. This remaining disinfectant kill germs living in the pipes between the water treatment plant and your tap. Wastewater Treatment Plant -Remove as much of the suspended solids as possible before the remaining water, called effluent, is discharged back to the environment. allow human and industrial effluents to be disposed without danger to human health or damage to the natural environment Drainage System - Manage surface water that take account of water quantity (flooding), water quality (pollution), biodiversity (wildlife and plants) and amenity are collectively referred to as Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS). And dispose of wastewater as quickly as possible and should prevent gasses from sewers and septic tanks from entering residential areas Water Supply, Storage and Distribution -To deliver water to all customers in sufficient quantity for potable drinking water and fire protection purposes, at the appropriate pressure, with minimal loss, of safe and acceptable quality, and as economically as possible. Summary Water resource engineers work with water. They determine how much water is needed, where water is available and how much is available, and then determine the hydraulic control necessary to convey water to where it is needed. They design works to control the flow of water in open channels, pipe networks, groundwater flow, and hydraulic structures. Water resource projects might include protecting beaches from tsunamis and erosion, keeping harbors clear of silt, design of well fields for municipal, industrial and agricultural use, and locks and dams for navigation. Water resource engineers often work on multi-purpose projects that provide benefits such as flood control, hydroelectric power, recreation, irrigation, water supply and enhancing the environment.  President Ramon Magsaysay State University Civil Engineering Department CE 112 – Civil Engineering Orientation BSCE 1B References: How to Become a Water Resource Engineer | EnvironmentalScience.org What is Water Resources Engineering? - UC Riverside asce.org/-/media/asce-images-and-files/career-and- growth/cec/documents/aawre-body-of-knowledge-wrbok-version3.pdf https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=clgpsEwxKzA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DL8DuFUW0XM MODULE 3: SPECIALIZATIONS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/hydrological-modeling https://www.studioars.com/design-of-water-supply-systems-fundamentals-and-brief- overview/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastewater_treatment#:~:text=Wastewater%20treatment%20is %20a%20process,also%20possible%20to%20reuse%20it. https://www.iwapublishing.com/news/flood-control-and-disaster-management https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_engineering#:~:text=Hydraulic%20engineering%20i s%20the%20application,how%20much%20water%20is%20involved https://sswm.info/water-nutrient-cycle/wastewater-treatment/hardwares/semi-centralised- wastewater-treatments/stormwater- management#:~:text=Stormwater%20management%20means%20to%20manage,because%20 the%20surfaces%20are%20impermea https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and- planetary-sciences/groundwater- management#:~:text=Groundwater%20management's%20ultimate%20goal%20is,component s%20of%20modern%20management%20paradigms. ble. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/social-sciences/environmental-impact-assessment https://www.google.com/search?q=coastal+and+marine+engineering&rlz=1C1CHBF_enPH1 056PH1056&oq=Coastal+and+Marine+Engineering&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUqBwgAEAAY gAQyBwgAEAAYgAQyDAgBEAAYFBiHAhiABDIICAIQABgWGB4yCAgDEAAYFhge MggIBBAAGBYYHjIICAUQABgWGB4yCAgGEAAYFhgeMggIBxAAGBYYHjIICAgQ ABgWGB4yCAgJEAAYFhge0gEHODgwajBqNKgCALACAA&sourceid=chrome&ie=UT F-8 https://climatepromise.undp.org/news-and-stories/what-climate-change-adaptation-and-why- it-crucial https://www.kiteworks.com/risk-compliance-glossary/regulatory-compliance- definition/#:~:text=Regulatory%20compliance%20is%20the%20process,regulations%20to% 20maintain%20their%20operations. https://trdsf.com/blogs/news/water- management#:~:text=Examples%20include%20rainwater%20harvesting%2C%20wastewater ,sectors%2C%20and%20flood%20management%20systems.