Catholic beliefs REVISION.pdf

Christianity Paper 1 – 1 hour and 45 mins Topic 1.1 Beliefs and teachings  Total Recall (interleaving) 1. How many sacraments are 2. What does the word 3. Who are the three persons there? benevolence mean? of th...

Christianity Paper 1 – 1 hour and 45 mins Topic 1.1 Beliefs and teachings  Total Recall (interleaving) 1. How many sacraments are 2. What does the word 3. Who are the three persons there? benevolence mean? of the Trinity? 4. Who was John the Baptist? 5. Name three of the 6. Why is the Bible important sacraments? to Catholics? 7. Who does the ’word’ refer 8. Where was Jesus baptised? 9. What does the word to? incarnate mean? Blue = 1 Green = 2 Orange = 3 Yellow = 4  Total Recall (interleaving) 1. How many sacraments are 2. What does the word 3. Who are the three persons of the there? benevolence mean? Trinity? 7 Belief that God is all loving Father, Son, Holy Spirit 4. Who was John the Baptist? 5. Name three of the sacraments? 6. Why is the Bible important to Prophet Baptism, Reconciliation. Eucharist, Catholics? Cousin of Jesus Conformation, Marriage, Holy Word of God Orders, Sacrament of the sick Teachings/life of Jesus 7. Who does the ’word’ refer to? 8. Where was Jesus baptised? 9. What does the word incarnate Jesus River Jordan mean? Made flesh Blue = 1 Green = 2 Orange = 3 Yellow = 4  The Trinity 1.1 Believing in God the Father: Christian’s relationship with God Christians worship one God because: should be like father and child. It says in the Bible God has a continuous relationship of love + care with Believing in God Jesus taught that there is only one God his creation. the Holy Spirit: God’s unity is shown in the magisterium, the creeds and God will provide and protect us The means that the Catechism. God Trinity is reflected in Worship: communicates Believing in God the Beginning of Mass welcomes in with us. son: the name of the Trinity Inspired by the Jesus is God who State their belief in the Nicene Bible. has become a Creed. God helps the human being. Belief in the Holy Spirit helps Church preserve Christians can Christians understand the and explain worship Jesus presence of God in the world. Christ’s teaching. because he is God. Belief is reflected in the life of a Jesus was Catholic today: All the conceived by the Gives the spiritual sense that sacraments of Holy Spirit (the God is ‘beyond us, with us and the Church put virgin birth). in us’ believers into God is active and present in our communion with lives Christ. Teaches that Catholics must work together to bring God’s love into the world just like the 3 persons in the Trinity do.  Which statement best describes Trinity: A. God is one person in three parts B. God is one substance in three persons C. God is one substance in three parts  I believe in one God, Key SOWA!!! The Nicene the Father almighty, The Trinity 1.1 maker of heaven and earth, of all things visible and invisible. I believe in one Lord Jesus Christ, Creed the Only Begotten Son of God, God the Father The Nicene Creed is a born of the Father before all ages. God from God, Light from Light, God the Son statement of Christian true God from true God, God the Holy Spirit begotten, not made, consubstantial with the Father; belief that was put through him all things were made. together over 2 For us men and for our salvation Other units he came down from heaven, ecumenical councils and by the Holy Spirit was incarnate of the Virgin (Nicaea and Mary, Four marks of the Church and became man. Constantinople) in For our sake he was crucified under Pontius Pilate, Life after death response to several he suffered death and was buried, and rose again on the third day heresies that had in accordance with the Scriptures. arisen concerning the He ascended into heaven Make sure you know the key and is seated at the right hand of the Father. Trinity and nature of He will come again in glory beliefs expressed about each Jesus. to judge the living and the dead person of the Trinity in the and his kingdom will have no end. I believe in the Holy Spirit, the Lord, the giver of life, Nicene Creed. who proceeds from the Father and the Son, who with the Father and the Son is adored and glorified, who has spoken through the prophets. I believe in one, holy, catholic and apostolic Church. I confess one Baptism for the forgiveness of sins and I look forward to the resurrection of the dead and the life of the world to come. Amen  Which statement best describes the Nicene Creed: A. A prayer about the Trinity B. A statement about Jesus Christ C. A statement of Christian belief Biblical Understandings The threefold nature is hinted at in the Old of God as Trinity 1.2 Why is it important to Catholics? Heresy: A religious Testament: ✔ Understand the different ways in which God helps opinion which o Genesis – God speaks the Word to create us around the World. contradicts official and the Spirit hovers over creation. ✔ God as the Father helps Catholics understand Church teaching. o The prophet Isaiah claims that God sends God’s power, creativity and care for his people. his words and Spirit to create and guide. ✔ God the Son helps Catholics understand the love Church Council: of God, the sacrifice of God, which leads to In the New Testament: Assembly of bishops salvation from sins + eternal life. ❖ Jesus’ final words, in Matthew are authorised to make ✔ God the Holy Spirit helps Catholics understand to make his disciples, baptising decisions on the presence of God and the strength that it them in the name of the Father, theological issues. brings to Catholics the son and the Holy Spirit. ❖ St Paul makes several references to Several heresies came from debates about the nature of Jesus the Trinity in his letters. and the Trinity. The main ones included: ❖ St Peter begins his first letter with a Adoptionism: the belief that Jesus was an ordinary man, born reference to the Trinity. of Joseph and Mary. Who became the son of God. And at his Key SOWA!!!! Jesus’ Baptism baptism he was ‘adopted’ by God. o God the Son (Jesus) goes to be baptised into the Arianism: the belief that the Son was created by the Father at Jordan. the beginning of the universe. The Son is therefore a God, but o As he is being baptised, God the Holy Spirit descends not God. Church Councils were called to make a final declaration of Christian like a dove and rests on him. beliefs on these matters. Overall, they explained that the Trinity and in o God the Father speaks from heaven announcing that response created the Nicene Creed, as a statement of Christian beliefs. this is his son.  Total Recall (interleaving) 1. How many Gods do Catholic’s 2. In what book of the Bible will 3. Name the different gifts that believe in? you find the Creation story? God gave Humans when He created them? 4. How many persons of the 5. What is Liturgical Worship? 6. What is the Eucharist also Trinity are there? known as? 7. Who committed the first sins? 8. What does the term Paschal 9. How many days did Jesus spend Mystery refer to? on earth in his resurrected body form?  Total Recall (interleaving) 1. How many Gods do Catholic’s 2. In what book of the Bible will you 3. Name the different gifts that God believe in? find the Creation story? gave Humans when He created One Genesis them? Soul, Conscience, Made in Gods likeness. 4. How many persons of the 5. What is Liturgical Worship? 6. What is the Eucharist also known Trinity are there? uses a missal , set prayers and as? Three. Father, Son & Holy Sprit rituals so that everything follows Holy Communion. the same format. 7. Who committed the first sins? 8. What does the term Paschal 9. How many days did Jesus spend Adam & Eve Mystery refer to? on earth in his resurrected body Passion death and resurrection form? 40  Creation 1.3 Genesis Chapter 1: God created the whole Universe in 6 day s, starting with heaven and then the creation of humans (male and female at the same time). Each part of the creation came about due to God’s words and God gave authority to humans to look after his world. Genesis Chapters 2-3: God created the heavens and the Earth, then formed Adam, then vegetation, animals and birds, then created Eve from Adam’s rib. They both lived in the Garden of Eden, until the serpent told them to eat the forbidden fruit to become like God. Eve ate the fruit and then gave some to Adam. As a result of this people need to be baptised in order to wash away Adam and Eve’s sins which were passed on (original sin). They were banned from the Garden. Understanding/ views ❖ Catholic: Bible writers were inspired by God but expressed things in their own words. Catholics accept the scientific view but they argue that it still occurred due to God. ❖ Fundamentalist Protestants: the Bible is the direct word of God, so it is true and Genesis is factually correct. They think that Genesis 1 – overall view on creation. Genesis 2-3 – focusses on Day 6 and original sin. They don’t accept the Big Bang Theory and evolution. ❖ Mainstream Protestants: the Bible is the word of God but not his actual words. Genesis 2-3 is a commentary on Genesis 1 rather than a different story. Regard Genesis 1 as fairly factual with the days as billions of years. They accept the Big Bang and evolution. ❖ Liberal Protestants: the Bible is people’s words about God rather than the words of God. Genesis 1 – story about creation, but the important truth in it is that God created the World. The biblical creation shows the nature of God is: ✔ The Creator – created heaven and earth ✔ Omnipotent (all powerful) – he created the universe out of nothing (ex The biblical story also shows that life is nihilo) sacred. For example humans are created in ✔ Benevolent (good + loving) – created the world for humans and made it the image of God so all humans need to be a good place to live. treated with respect. ✔ Eternal – as he had no beginning (he was before everything).  Being made in the image of God means that humans have a huge The Nature of Humanity 1.4 responsibility to care for the planet and making sure it can be passed onto the next generation (stewardship). The Catholic Church Genesis teaches that God created human teaches that Christians should regard the Earth as a gift from God. beings in his image. So it doesn’t mean they For example: look like God, but they have free will, reason ✔ Look after God’s creation and pass it on to future generations in and conscience. They are capable of self- a better state than received. knowledge, and have the freedom to choose ✔ Make sure the creation is not exploited by humans eg pollution. between good and evil. This reminds Catholics ✔ Earth’s resources are shared out equally that: ✔ Make sure that humans treat God’s creation fairly and Each human being is special, unique and harmoniously. sacred in God’s sight. Humans are more than animals and not to Non- Catholic Christians have the same beliefs about the nature of be used. humanity, and humanity’s relationship with creation, like Catholics. They have human rights like freedom of conscience and expression, a right to food, Different understandings of humanity’s relationship with creation: shelter and health care. Humanists: do not believe in God (non-religious) They believe in Source of Authority: 1)The Catechism teaches science, reason and moral principles that can be worked out in terms that being made in the image of God means that will make life better for everyone. Reason and science teach humans have dignity and are not a thing; they them that people need to care for + look after the planet so that it are a person. can provide for future generations. 2) Pope Francis have said that Catholics have a Other non-religious people (atheists) have two views; people should duty to protect the environment and to work to preserve the environment for the future or the world should reduce the effects of climate change (Laudato be enjoyed as people please. Si) The Incarnation Meaning the Christian belief that God became a human being in Jesus (Jesus was God 1.5 incarnate) Catholics believe that Jesus didn’t have a normal conception Why is it important? but he did have a normal birth. They also believe that Mary ✔ Shows that God cared so was a virgin when Jesus was born and she was a Virgin for much for the world that he the ret of her life. They believe that being born of Virgin was came to Earth in Jesus to the way God become man. The Virgin Birth is the belief that save people from their sins. Jesus wasn’t conceived through sex. ✔ In Jesus, the incarnate It is important to Catholics as: Word of God, humans can Jesus was the son of God (not just a human being chosen see what God is like, it and sent by God). reveals his human nature. God was in him and he was God. ✔ Through the Incarnation, SOA: St Paul says “the Jesus was fully divine and fully human, he had two God began the process of son is the image of natures which created one person. salvation from sin. invisible God”. Biblical basis for the incarnation. Matthew’s Gospel: tells how Joseph was told by an angel that Mary was a virgin who had conceived the child, who was to be called Jesus, by the Holy Spirit. Joseph married Mary, Jesus was born in Bethlehem and they were visited by Wise Men. Luke’s Gospel: tells how the Angel Gabriel appeared to Mary and told her about the Virgin Birth of Jesus, who was born and visited by Shepherds who also had been visited by angles telling them of Jesus’ miraculous birth. John’s Gospel: records the Incarnation in a theological form (academic study of God and religious ideas). Showing Jesus as the Word of God, the 2 nd person of the Trinity. John begins his Gospel at the beginning of the universe when the World made everything that is. He then describes how the Word become flesh (the incarnation), that is Jesus was God in Human. There are references to the Incarnation throughout the New Testament, especially in the St Paul letters.  Total Recall (interleaving) 1. Name two objects you would 2. What does the Apostolic 3. What are the Four Marks of the find in a catholic Church Tradition mean? Church? building? 4. What is purgatory? 5. Why is Salvation important to 6. Name the two main sections of Catholics? the Bible? 7. How old does a person need 8. Who is the Bishop of Rome? 9. What does the immortality of the to be before they can be soul mean? baptised?  Total Recall (interleaving) 1. Name two objects you would 2. What does the Apostolic 3. What are the Four Marks of the find in a catholic Church Tradition mean? Church? building? Following the teachings and One , Holy, Catholic & Apostolic. Alter, crucifix, tabernacle, traditions of the Apostles. statues, stations of the cross. 4. What is purgatory? 5. Why is Salvation important to 6. Name the two main sections of A place where a person goes Catholics? the Bible? after death who has unpurified whole point of Jesus coming to Old Testament & New Testament. sins. Earth. Without salvation there can be no real relationship between God and us. A person’s sins would prevent them from entering heaven. 7. How old does a person need 8. Who is the Bishop of Rome? 9. What does the immortality of the to be before they can be The Pope (Francis) soul mean? baptised? The soul lives on after death. RC-usually infants Any age  The term that refers to the death and The Events of the Paschal Mystery 1.6 resurrection of Jesus and their effects 1). THE LAST SUPPER : The night on salvation. 2). GARDEN OF GETHSEMANE: After supper Jesus before he was crucified, Jesus left the disciples while he went to pray. When he 3). THE TRIALS : Peter enjoyed a meal with his disciples in went back, the disciples were asleep. followed but denied he knew Jerusalem when he shared bread As they woke, Judas Iscariot, Jesus when he was and wine with them, saying bread arrived with Chief Priests to arrest challenged. The Sanhedrin, = his body and the wine = his Jesus (betrayal), he identified the supreme religious blood. So it establishes the Jesus to them by kissing his cheek. authority in Israel in biblical Eucharist. Peter cut off a soldier’s ear but Jesus told him not times, found him guilty of to fight. blasphemy for claiming to be the Christ, son of God. He was then taken to Pontius Pilate, who found him innocent and offered to 5). THE RESURRECTION AND ASCENSION: 4). THE CRUCIFIXION: Jesus was crucified on release either Jesus or Jesus was buried in the tomb and Friday, Simon of Cyrene carried the cross, a robber Barabbas. Pontius Pilate on Sunday morning Jesus’ women was crucified on either side of him. Jesus was washed his hands. The followers came to anoint the body mocked by the bystanders and upon his head they crowd chose to release but found the tomb empty. They placed a crown of thorns. Jesus forgave his killers Barabbas, and Jesus was then told the disciples. Jesus and died with his final words, ‘Father into your condemned to death by appeared to the disciples walking from hands I commend my spirit’. crucifixion. Jerusalem to Emmaus. Jesus continued to appear for 40 days, before he left he promised the disciples the gift of the Holy Spirt, and then ascended into heaven in a cloud. The Events of the Paschal Mystery 2 The Catholic Church teaches that the Paschal Mystery guarantees humanity’s salvation from sin because: o Jesus freely offered himself for our salvation. o ‘This is my Body which shall be given up for you’. o Christ’s resurrection promises resurrection for all who believe. o By his ascension, Christians believe that there is heaven and they will one day live with him forever. Importance? Last Supper = basis of mass, most important form of Christian worship. Christians believe the crucifixion brought forgiveness from sins.  Grace means mercy that is The Nature of Salvation and Grace 1.7 undeserved. Salvation means being saved from sin. There are Jesus died for our sins without humans doing anything to deserve it. two types of sin: The Holy Spirit breathes love and strength into us (grace), to try and o Original Sin is inherited from the actions of the help them work for the salvation of others. There are: first humans. The Church teaches that everyone ✔ Sacramental graces which come from the sacraments. is born with this sin and it needs to be washed ✔ Special graces (charisms) such as the gift of healing away by baptism. ✔ The graces that come from special callings like priests. o Personal Sin (actions that break God’s Law) is the consequence of a person’s own actions. The Church teaches that Christians are given different gifts of grace and should use them according to the grace given to them. Sin makes it difficult to have a relationship with God because sin separates a person from God. Biblical Teachings Implications for Catholic practise today John’s Gospel: Jesus’ mission was to The Catholic Church teaches that grave The Catholic Church teaches that Jesus came to bring God’s salvation into the World, comes through: Earth in order to restore the relationship through ❖ Leading a Christian life so that Christians can have eternal the salvation brought by his death on the cross. life. Receiving the sacrament of: Acts of the Apostles: St Peter ❖ Baptism and confirmation Salvation is important because : preached that Salvation comes ❖ Reconciliation/confession It was the whole point of Jesus coming to ❖ Eucharist in the Mass through Jesus alone + backed up in Earth and founding Christianity. St Paul’s letters. Without salvation: Evangelical Protestants (+some So it is taught in order for Catholics to there can be no real relationship between Catholics): anyone who doesn’t maintain a good relationship with God God and us. believe in Jesus cannot be saved. But and have the grace and necessary to be a person’s sins would prevent them from the Catholic Church teaches that no able to enter heaven, they need to entering heaven. one knows who God will save. regularly have confession, go to weekly mass and be baptised + confirmed.  Refers to Religious beliefs about death, judgment and life after death. Eschatology 1.8 Purgator Heave Hell y n ❑ Like a waiting room for Heaven. Perfection. ❑ Christians who have died with unforgiven ❖ A place of eternal suffering Eternal peace sins (+ maybe other members of different ❖ Eternal separation from the love Catechism teaches that it is religions who have lived good lives) will of God. ‘beyond human go here ❖ Very evil people go here, those understanding’ ❑ Once people’s sins are purified then they who have completely rejected Only people who are will be able to go to Heaven. God. perfectly pure can enter ❖ The Church believes in hell but straight away. states that God wishes for everyone to be in Heaven, but people have free will so they need to use it wisely. Eschatology 2 Why is it important for Catholics? Different Christian beliefs about life o They believe that they’ll be judged by after death: God so belief in life after death, gives Non Catholic Christians: don’t believe in Purgatory them an incentive to live a good life. because it is based on the teaching of the Church rather than the Bible. o Sin can prevent people from going to Some Evangelical Protestant Christians: when heaven so, as a result, they will try to people die their soul remains in the grave until the live to avoid sins. Making the world a Last Day and a final judgement when born-again better place to live. Christians will go to heaven and everyone else will o Gives their life meaning and purpose go to hell. o Trying to love your neighbour as Most Liberal Protestants: when the body dies, the soul leaves the body to live with God in a spiritual yourself is bound to affect a Catholic’s world. Their belief in the immortality of the soul is life and explains why Catholic Charities based on the fact that after his ascension Jesus such as CAFOD are so involved in became a spirit and went to a spirit world. helping those in need.