Cardiovascular System PDF

Cardiovascular system Heart, arteries and vessels Key facts Functions Transport of gases, nutrients, electrolytes, wastes, hormones Heart Layers - myocardium, endocardium, epicardium Chambers - left and right atria, left and right ventricles...

Cardiovascular system Heart, arteries and vessels Key facts Functions Transport of gases, nutrients, electrolytes, wastes, hormones Heart Layers - myocardium, endocardium, epicardium Chambers - left and right atria, left and right ventricles Blood vessels - arteries (oxygenated blood), veins (deoxygenated blood) Blood vessels Arteries, veins, capillaries Hierarchy: Heart -> arteries -> arterioles -> capillaries [gas exchange - oxygenated blood becomes deoxygenated] -> venules -> veins -> heart Circulations Pulmonary - superior and inferior vena cava (with deoxygenated blood) -> right atrium -> right ventricle -> right and left pulmonary artery -> capillaries of each lung (oxygenation of the blood) -> pulmonary veins -> left atrium -> systemic circulation Loading… Systemic - left atrium -> left ventricle -> aorta and all of its branches -> capillaries -> veins -> superior and inferior vena cava -> pulmonary circulation Coronary - ascending aorta -> right coronary artery -> right marginal branch, posterior interventricular artery, left coronary artery -> anterior interventricular branch (anastomoses with the posterior branch), circumflex artery Blood Plasma with cellular components: Erythrocytes (red blood cells) - contain hemoglobine and carry oxygen throughout the blood vessels Leukocytes (white blood cells) - immune system cells Thrombocytes (platelets) - coagulation cells Clinical relations Arteriosclerosis, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral artery disease, aneurysm, varices, arrhytmia, heart failure Loading… Loading… Loading… Lymphatic vessels (diagram)