CAR 145 (Revision 5) Civil Aviation Requirements PDF

CIVIL AVIATION REQUIREMENTS CAR - 145 APPROVAL OF MAINTENANCE ORGANISATIONS Issue 02 Revision R 5 ----------------- OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR GENERAL OF CIVIL AVIATION, TECHNICAL CENTRE, OPP SA...

CIVIL AVIATION REQUIREMENTS CAR - 145 APPROVAL OF MAINTENANCE ORGANISATIONS Issue 02 Revision R 5 ----------------- OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR GENERAL OF CIVIL AVIATION, TECHNICAL CENTRE, OPP SAFDURJUNG AIRPORT, NEW DELHI-110003 1|Page Issue 02, R5, 15th June 2021  CAR 145 CONTENTS CAR 145 APPROVAL OF MAINTENANCE ORGANISATIONS FOREWORD RECORD OF REVISIONS SECTION A TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS ACCEPTABLE MEANS OF COMPLIANCE GUIDANCE MATERIAL APPENDIX I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII and VIII. 2|Page Issue 02, R5, 15th June 2021  CAR 145 FOREWORD Rule 133B of the Aircraft Rules 1937 stipulates that organisations engaged in the maintenance of aircraft and aircraft components shall be approved. CAR 145 Rev.0 was introduced on 26th January 2005 in order to harmonize requirements for approval of aircraft maintenance organizations with that of international requirements, which was primarily based on EASA Part-145 regulation. Since the initial issue of CAR 145, it has been revised from time to time to synchronize with EASA Part- 145. CAR 145 Issue 02 dated 8th October 2013 is issued based on latest Revision to EASA Part-145 and further SARI 145 Revision-1 Dated 15th November 2012. This CAR is released after careful consideration of the comments received on the draft and meetings and workshops held with the AMOs on the subject. This CAR is issued under the provisions of Rule 133A of the Aircraft Rules 1937. 3|Page Issue 02, R5, 15th June 2021  CAR 145 RECORD OF REVISIONS Initial Issue (Revision 0) 26th January 2005 In order to harmonize Indian requirements for approval of maintenance organisations with international requirements CAR-145 Rev.0 was introduced on 26th January 2005 which was primarily based on JAR 145 regulation. Revision 1 28th February 2008 The Revision 1 to CAR 145 was issued with effect from 01.07.2008 to align the numbering system with that of EASA and certain customization to suit Indian environment. The revision was applicable to organizations involved in the maintenance of large aircraft (large aircraft means an aircraft, classified as an aeroplane with a maximum take-off mass of more than 5700 kg, or a multi engined helicopter) or maintenance of aircraft used for commercial air transport, and components intended for fitment thereto. Issue 02 8th October 2013 This Issue 02 to CAR 145 is issued to make Indian regulations aligned with EASA Part 145 latest revisions and SARI 145 Revision1 dated 15 November 2012. Salient features of the revision are. 1. The requirements, related AMC and GM are brought together for easy reference purposes. 2. Requirements for Critical Design Configuration Control Limitations (CDCCL) and training guide lines have been introduced. 3. Scope of components maintenance enhanced to include Indicating and Recording System, Water Ballast and Propulsion Augmentation System. 4. The scope of simple defect rectification, which can be accomplished by flight crew has been enhanced to include a) Inspection for and removal of de-icing/anti-icing fluid residues. b) Removal/ closure of panels, cowls or covers those are easily accessible but not requiring the use of special tools. 5. The scope of Practical skills training provided to flight crew by an organisation approved under CAR 145 which includes 35 Hours practical experience has been enhanced to include:  De-icing/anti-icing related maintenance activities. 6. Sub-paragraphs CAR-145.A.35 (n) & (o), CAR-145.A.65 (d), CAR-145.A.70 (c) and CAR145.A.70 (d) have been added. 7. Sub-paragraphs AMC-145.A.35 (c ),AMC-145.A.35 (n), AMC No. 1 to 145.A.50 (d), AMC No. 2 to145.A.50 (d) ,GM-145.A.50 (d) and GM-145.A.60 (b) have also been 4|Page Issue 02, R5, 15th June 2021  CAR 145 added. 8. The format of CA Form 1 (as given in Appendix I) has been revised exactly in line with CAR M. 9. Appendix to AMC A.30.(e) on Fuel Tank Safety Training has been newly added as Appendix VIII. Issue 02 (Revision 1) 8th June 2015 Amendment to the validity of CAR 145 approval in line with Rule 133B of the Aircraft Rules, 1937. Issue 02 (Revision 2) 23rd September 2016 The CAR 145 Issue 02 Rev 02 is amended to harmonise with 66 Issue II requirements and with latest revisions of EASA Part 145 regulations. Issue 02 (Revision 3) 14th June 2017 The CAR 145 Issue 02 Rev 03 is amended to harmonise with amended Rule 61 of the Aircraft Rules, 1937 and CAR 66 (Issue II, R1) requirements. References of CAR (Sec- Series “L” Part-X and Series “L” Part-XIV have been deleted as these requirements/ procedures are now covered in CAR 66 (Sub Part-C) and AAC 2 of 2017 respectively. Issue 02 (Revision 4) 12th June 2020 The CAR 145 Issue 02 Rev 04 is amended to harmonise with amended CAR M and with the latest revisions of EASA Part 145 regulations. Issue 02 (Revision 5) 15th June 2021 The CAR 145 Issue 02 Rev 05 is amended to include UK CAA Form 1 as an acceptable equivalent document. 5|Page Issue 02, R5, 15th June 2021  CAR 145 INDEX INDEX GENERAL SECTION A –Technical Requirements 6|Page Issue 02, R5, 15th June 2021  CAR 145 145.1 General AMC 145.1 General 145.A.05 Applicability and Effectivity 145.A.10 Scope AMC 145.A.10 Scope GM 145.A.10 Scope CAR 145.A.15 Application AMC 145.A.15 Application CAR 145.A.20 Terms of Approval AMC 145.A.20 Terms of Approval CAR 145.A.25 Facility Requirements AMC 145.A.25(a) Facility Requirements AMC 145.A.25(b) Facility Requirements AMC 145.A.25(d) Facility Requirements CAR 145.A.30 Personnel Requirements AMC 145.A.30(a) Personnel Requirements AMC 145.A.30(b) Personnel Requirements AMC 145.A.30(c) Personnel Requirements AMC 145.A.30(d) Personnel Requirements AMC1 145.A.30(e) Personnel Requirements AMC2 145.A.30(e) Personnel Requirements AMC3 145.A.30(e) Personnel Requirements AMC4 145.A.30(e) Personnel Requirements AMC 145.A.30(f) Personnel Requirements AMC 145.A.30(g) Personnel Requirements AMC 145.A.30(h) Personnel Requirements AMC 145.A.30(j)(4) Personnel Requirements AMC 145.A.30(j)(5) Personnel Requirements AMC Personnel Requirements 145.A.30(j)(5)(i) AMC Personnel Requirements 145.A.30(j)(5)(ii) GM1 145.A.30(e) Personnel Requirements GM2 145.A.30(e) Personnel Requirements GM3 145.A.30(e) Personnel Requirements 7|Page Issue 02, R5, 15th June 2021  CAR 145 GM 145.A.30(j)(4) Personnel Requirements CAR 145.A.35 Certifying Staff and support staff AMC 145.A.35 (a) Certifying Staff and support staff AMC 145.A.35 (b) Certifying Staff and support staff AMC 145.A.35 (c) Certifying Staff and support staff AMC 145.A.35 (d) Certifying Staff and support staff AMC 145.A.35 (e) Certifying Staff and support staff AMC 145.A.35 (f) Certifying Staff and support staff AMC 145.A.35 (j) Certifying Staff and support staff AMC 145.A.35 (n) Certifying Staff and support staff AMC 145.A.35 (o) Certifying Staff and support staff CAR 145.A.36 Records of airworthiness review staff’ AMC CAR 145.A.36 Records of airworthiness review staff’ CAR 145.A.40 Equipment and tools AMC 145.A.40 (a) Equipment and tools AMC 145.A.40 (b) Equipment and tools CAR 145.A.42 Components AMC1 145.A.42(a)(1) Components GM1 145.A.42(a) (2) Components AMC1 145.A.42(a)(3) Components AMC1 145.A.42(a)(4) Components AMC2 145.A.42(a)(4) Components AMC1 145.A.42(a)(5) Components AMC1 145.A.42(b)(1) Components GM1 145.A.42(b)(1) Components GM2 145.A.42(b)(1) Components GM3 145.A.42(b)(1) Components GM1 145.A.42(b)(2) Components AMC1 145.A.42(b)(3) Components AMC1 145.A.42(c) Components GM1 145.A.42(c)(1) Components CAR 145.A.45 Maintenance data AMC 145.A.45 (b) Maintenance data AMC 145.A.45 (c) Maintenance data 8|Page Issue 02, R5, 15th June 2021  CAR 145 AMC 145.A.45 (d) Maintenance data AMC 145.A.45 (e) Maintenance data AMC 145.A.45 (f) Maintenance data AMC 145.A.45 (g) Maintenance data CAR 145.A.47 Production planning AMC 145.A.47 (a) Production planning AMC 145.A.47 (b) Production planning AMC 145.A.47 (c) Production planning CAR. 145.A.48 Performance of maintenance GM 145.A.48 Performance of maintenance AMC1 145.A.48(b) Performance of maintenance AMC2 145. AMC2 145.A.48(b) Performance of maintenance AMC2 145. AMC3 145.A.48(b) Performance of maintenance AMC2 145. AMC4 145.A.48(b) Performance of maintenance AMC2 145. AMC 145.A.48(c) Performance of maintenance AMC2 145. GM 145.A.48(c) Performance of maintenance AMC2 145. GM 145.A.48(d) Performance of maintenance AMC2 145. CAR 145.A.50 Certification of maintenance AMC 145.A.50 (a) Certification of maintenance AMC 145.A.50 (b) Certification of maintenance AMC No 1 to 145.A.50 (d) Certification of maintenance AMC No 2 to 145.A.50 (d) Certification of maintenance AMC 145.A.50 (e) Certification of maintenance AMC 145.A.50 (f) Certification of maintenance GM 145.A.50 (d) Certification of maintenance CAR 145.A.55 Maintenance and airworthiness review records AMC 145.A.55 (c) Maintenance records GM 145.A.55 (a) Maintenance records CAR 145.A.60 Occurrence reporting AMC 145.A.60 (a) Occurrence reporting AMC 145.A.60 (b) Occurrence reporting GM 145.A.60 (a) Occurrence reporting GM 145.A.60(b) Occurrence reporting GM 145.A.60 (c) Occurrence reporting CAR 145.A.65 Safety and Quality policy, maintenance procedures and quality system AMC 145.A.65 (a) Safety and Quality policy, maintenance procedures and quality system 9|Page Issue 02, R5, 15th June 2021  CAR 145 AMC 145.A.65 (b) Safety and Quality policy, maintenance procedures and quality system GM 145.A.65(b)(1) Safety and quality policy, maintenance procedures and quality system AMC 145.A.65 (b)(2) Safety and Quality policy, maintenance procedures and quality system AMC 145.A.65 (c)(1) Safety and Quality policy, maintenance procedures and quality system AMC 145.A.65 (c)(2) Safety and Quality policy, maintenance procedures and quality system GM 145.A.65 (c)(1) Safety and Quality policy, maintenance procedures and quality system CAR 145.A.70 Maintenance organisation exposition AMC 145.A.70 (a) Maintenance organisation exposition AMC 145.A.70 (d) Maintenance organisation exposition GM 145.A.70 (a) Maintenance organisation exposition CAR 145.A.75 Privileges of the organization AMC 145.A.75 (b) Privileges of the organization CAR 145.A.80 Limitations on the organization AMC 145.A.80 Limitations on the organization CAR 145.A.85 Changes to the organization CAR 145.A.90 Continued validity CAR 145.A.95 Findings 10 | P a g e Issue 02, R5, 15th June 2021  CAR 145 Appendices Appendix I Use of the CA Form 1 for maintenance Appendix II Organizations approval class and rating system Appendix III APPROVAL CERTIFICATE Appendix IV Conditions for the use of staff not qualified to DGCA Licensing Requirements in accordance with 145.A.30 (j) 1 and 2 Appendix V CA Form 4 Appendix VI CA FORM 6 Appendix VII CA Form 2 Appendix VIII Appendix to AMC 145.A.30 (e) Fuel Tank Safety Training 11 | P a g e Issue 02, R5, 15th June 2021  CAR 145 1. GENERAL The Section A contains the Technical Requirements for Approval of Maintenance Organisations. 2. PRESENTATION 2.1 The requirements of CAR 145 Issue 02 are presented in an across the page format. Each page being identified by the date of issue and the Issue/Revision number under which it is amended or reissued. 2.2 Reserved 2.3 Following amended paragraphs, a summary of the amendments made to the paragraphs is indicated under the Record of Revisions. This text has no regulatory status and is issued for easy understanding of the revision. 12 | P a g e Issue 02, R5, 15th June 2021  CAR 145 SECTION A – TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS, RELATED AMC AND GM 145.1 GENERAL For the purpose of this CAR, the competent authority shall be DGCA for organizations having their principal place of business in India or any other country. AMC 145.1 For the purpose of CAR 145 DGCA should be considered as competent authority. 145. A.05 Applicability and Effectivity Organizations involved in the maintenance of complex motor powered aircraft or of aircraft used for commercial air transport, and components intended for fitment thereto, shall be approved in accordance with the provisions of this CAR. This CAR is effective forthwith and shall be complied by all new/ existing organizations. Maintenance approvals issued in accordance with revision 1 of CAR 145 Issue 2 shall continue to remain in force. However such organizations may demonstrate compliance with the requirements of this CAR, before 31st March 2017. Personnel qualified to carry out and/or certified non-destructive test of aircraft structures and/or components, on the basis of a standard recognized by DGCA may continue to carry out and/or certify such tests. Note: ‘Large Aircraft’ means an aircraft, classified as an aeroplane with a maximum take- off mass of more than 5700 kg, or a multi engined helicopter. ‘Certifying staff’ means personnel responsible for the release of an Aircraft or a component after maintenance. Maintenance’ means any one or combination of overhaul, repair, inspection, replacement, modification or defect rectification of an aircraft or component, with the exception of pre-flight inspection; Organization’ means a natural person, a legal person or part of a legal person. Such an organization may hold more than one CAR 145 approval; ‘Pre-flight inspection’ means the inspection carried out before flight to ensure that the aircraft is fit for the intended flight; 13 | P a g e Issue 02, R5, 15th June 2021  CAR 145 Component’ means any engine, propeller, part or appliance. A complex motor powered aircraft means: (1) An aeroplane: (i) Above 5700 Kg MTOM, or (ii) Certificated for more than 19 seated passengers, or (iii) Certificated for operation with at least two pilots, or (iv) Equipped with turbojet engine(s) or more than one turboprop engine, or (2) A helicopter: (i) Above 3175 Kg MTOM, or (ii) Certificated for more than 9 seated passengers, or (iii) Certificated for operation with at least 2 pilots, or (3) A tilt rotor aircraft. 145. A.10 Scope This Section establishes the requirements to be met by an organization to qualify for the issue or continuation of an approval for the maintenance of aircraft and components. AMC 145.A.10 Scope Line Maintenance should be understood as any maintenance that is carried out before flight to ensure that the aircraft is fit for the intended flight. Line Maintenance may include: Trouble shooting. Defect rectification. Component replacement with use of external test equipment if required. Component replacement may include components such as engines and propellers. Scheduled maintenance and/or checks including visual inspections that will detect obvious unsatisfactory conditions/discrepancies but do not require extensive in depth inspection. It may also include internal structure, systems and power plant items which are visible through quick opening access panels/doors. Minor repairs and modifications which do not require extensive disassembly and can be accomplished by simple means. For temporary or occasional cases (AD's, SB's) the Quality Manager may accept base maintenance tasks to be performed by a line maintenance organization provided all requirements are fulfilled as defined by DGCA. Maintenance tasks falling outside these criteria are considered to be Base 14 | P a g e Issue 02, R5, 15th June 2021  CAR 145 Maintenance. Aircraft maintained in accordance with "progressive" type programmes should be individually assessed in relation to this paragraph. In principle, the decision to allow some "progressive" checks to be carried out should be determined by the assessment that all tasks within the particular check can be carried out safely to the required standards at the designated line maintenance station. For an organization to be approved in accordance with 145.A.10 as an organization located within the country means that the management as specified in 145.A.30 (a) and (b) should be located in India. 1. Where the organization uses facilities both inside and outside the country such as satellite facilities, sub-contractors, line stations etc., such facilities may be included in the approval without being identified on the approval certificate subject to the maintenance organization exposition identifying the facilities and containing procedures to control such facilities and DGCA being satisfied that they form an integral part of the approved maintenance organization. GM 145.A.10 Scope This Guidance Material (GM) provides guidance on how the smallest organisations satisfy the intent of CAR- 145: 1. By inference, the smallest maintenance organisation would only be involved with a limited number of light aircraft, or aircraft components, used for commercial air transport. It is therefore a matter of scale, light aircraft do not demand the same level of resources, facilities or complex maintenance procedures as the large organisation. 2. It is recognised that CAR -145 approval may be required by two quite different types of small organisations, the first being the light aircraft maintenance hangar, the second being the component maintenance workshop, e.g. small piston engines, radio equipment etc. 3. Where only one person is employed (in fact having the certifying function and others), this organisation approved under CAR-145 may use the alternatives provided in this Guidance Material limited to the following: Class A2 Base and Line maintenance of Aeroplanes of 5700kg and below (piston engines only). Class A3 Base and Line maintenance of single engined helicopters of less than 3175kg. Class A4 Aircraft other than A1, A2 and A3 Class B2 Piston engines with maximum output of less than 450 HP Class C Components. Class D1 Non destructive Inspections. 15 | P a g e Issue 02, R5, 15th June 2021  CAR 145 3.1 145.A.30(b): The minimum requirement is for one full time person who meets the DGCA Licensing requirements for certifying staff and holds the position of "accountable manager, maintenance engineer and is also certifying staff and, if applicable, airworthiness review staff’ ". No other person may issue a certificate of release to service and therefore if absent, no maintenance may be released during such absence. 3.1.1 The quality monitoring function of 145.A.65(c) may be contracted to an appropriate organisation approved under CAR-145 or to a person with appropriate technical knowledge and extensive experience of quality audits employed on a part-time basis, with the agreement of DGCA. Note: Full time for the purpose of CAR-145 means not less than 35 hrs per week except during vacation periods. 3.1.2 145.A.35. In the case of an approval based on one person using a subcontracted quality monitoring arrangement, the requirement for a record of certifying staff is satisfied by the submission to and acceptance by DGCA of the CA Form 4. With only one person the requirement for a separate record of authorisation is unnecessary. An appropriate statement, to reflect this situation, should be included in the exposition. 3.1.3 145.A.65(c). It is the responsibility of the contracted quality monitoring organisation or person to make a minimum of 2 visits per 12 months and it is the responsibility of this organisation or person to carry out such monitoring on the basis of 1 visit pre-announced and 1 visit unannounced to the organisation. It is the responsibility of the organisation to comply with the findings of the contracted quality monitoring organisation or the person. CAUTION: It should be understood that if the contracted organisation or the above mentioned person loses or gives up its approval, then the organisation’s approval will be suspended. 4. Recommended operating procedure for a CAR-145 approved maintenance organisation based upon up to 10 persons involved in maintenance. 4.1 145.A.30 (b): The normal minimum requirement is for the employment on a full- time basis of two persons who meet the DGCA requirements for certifying staff, whereby one holds the position of "maintenance engineer" and the other holds the position of "quality audit engineer". Either person can assume the responsibilities of the accountable manager providing that they can comply in full with the applicable elements of 145.A.30 (a), but the "maintenance engineer" should be the certifying person to retain the independence of the "quality audit engineer" to carry out audits. 16 | P a g e Issue 02, R5, 15th June 2021  CAR 145 Nothing prevents either engineer from undertaking maintenance tasks providing that the "maintenance engineer" issues the certificate of release to service The "quality audit engineer" should have similar qualifications and status to the "maintenance engineer" for reasons of credibility, unless he/she has a proven track-record in aircraft quality assurance, in which case some reduction in the extent of maintenance qualifications may be permitted. In cases where DGCA agrees that it is not practical for the organisation to nominate a post holder for the quality monitoring function, this function may be contracted in accordance to paragraph 3.1.1. 145. A.15 Application An application for the issue or variation of an approval shall be made to DGCA in a form and manner established by DGCA. The application shall be accompanied with para- wise CAR 145 Compliance Report. AMC 145.A.15 Application In a form and in a manner established by DGCA means that the application should be made on a CA Form 2 given as Appendix VII to this CAR. Note: CA Form 6 – Approval Recommendation Report (Appendix VI) shall be used for grant/ change/ continuation to a maintenance organisation approval. 145.A.20 Terms of approval The organisation shall specify the scope of work deemed to constitute approval in its exposition (Appendix II to this CAR contains a table of all classes and ratings). 17 | P a g e Issue 02, R5, 15th June 2021  CAR 145 AMC 145.A.20 Terms of approval The following table identifies the ATA specification 2200 chapter for the category C component rating. If the maintenance manual (or equivalent document) does not follow the ATA Chapters, the corresponding subjects still apply to the applicable C rating. CLASS RATING ATA CHAPTERS COMPONENTS C1 Air Cond & Press 21 OTHER THAN COMPLETE C2 Auto Flight 22 ENGINES OR APUs C3 Comms and Nav 23 - 34 C4 Doors – Hatches 52 C5 Electrical Power and lights 24 –33 - 85 C6 Equipment 25 – 38 -44 – 45 -50 C7 Engine – APU 49 - 71 - 72 - 73 - 74 - 75 - 76 - 77 - 78 - 79 - 80 - 81 - 82 -83 C8 Flight Controls 27 - 55 - 57.40 - 57.50 -57.60 - 57.70 C9 Fuel – Airframe 28 -47 C10 Helicopters – Rotors 62 - 64 - 66 – 67 C11 Helicopter – Trans 63 – 65 C12 Hydraulic power 29 C13 Indicating/Recording 31 -42 -46 System C14 Landing Gear 32 C15 Oxygen 35 C16 Propellers 61 C17 Pneumatic & Vacuum 36 – 37 C18 Protection ice/ rain/fire 26 – 30 C19 Windows 56 C20 Structural 53 - 54 - 57.10 - 57.20 - 57.30 C21 Water Ballast 41 C22 Propulsion Augmentation 84 18 | P a g e Issue 02, R5, 15th June 2021  CAR 145 145. A.25 Facility requirements The organisation shall ensure that: a) Facilities are provided appropriate for all planned work, ensuring in particular, protection from the weather elements. Specialized workshops and bays are segregated as appropriate, to ensure that environmental and work area contamination is unlikely to occur. 1. For base maintenance of aircraft, aircraft hangars are both available and large enough to accommodate aircraft on planned base maintenance; 2. For component maintenance, component workshops are large enough to accommodate the components on planned maintenance. b) Office accommodation is provided for the management of the planned work referred to in paragraph (a), and certifying staff so that they can carry out their designated tasks in a manner that contributes to good aircraft maintenance standards. c) The working environment including aircraft hangars, component workshops and office accommodation is appropriate for the task carried out and in particular special requirements observed. Unless otherwise dictated by the particular task environment, the working environment must be such that the effectiveness of personnel is not impaired: 1. temperatures must be maintained such that personnel can carry out required tasks without undue discomfort. 2. dust and any other airborne contamination are kept to a minimum and not be permitted to reach a level in the work task area where visible aircraft/component surface contamination is evident. Where dust/other airborne contamination results in visible surface contamination, all susceptible systems are sealed until acceptable conditions are re- established. 3. lighting is such as to ensure each inspection and maintenance task can be carried out in an effective manner. 4. noise shall not distract personnel from carrying out inspection tasks. Where it is impractical to control the noise source, such personnel are provided with the necessary personal equipment to stop excessive noise causing distraction during inspection tasks. 5. where a particular maintenance task requires the application of specific environmental conditions different to the foregoing, then such conditions are observed. Specific conditions are identified in the maintenance data. 6. the working environment for line maintenance is such that the particular 19 | P a g e Issue 02, R5, 15th June 2021  CAR 145 maintenance or inspection task can be carried out without undue distraction. Therefore where the working environment deteriorates to an unacceptable level in respect of temperature, moisture, hail, ice, snow, wind, light, dust/other airborne contamination, the particular maintenance or inspection tasks must be suspended until satisfactory conditions are re- established. d) Secure storage facilities are provided for components, equipment, tools and material. Storage conditions ensure segregation of serviceable components and material from unserviceable aircraft components, material, equipment and tools. The conditions of storage are in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions to prevent deterioration and damage of stored items. Access to storage facilities is restricted to authorized personnel. AMC 145.A.25 (a) Facility requirements 1. Where the hangar is not owned by the organisation, it may be necessary to establish proof of tenancy. In addition, sufficiency of hangar space to carry out planned base maintenance should be demonstrated by the preparation of a projected aircraft hangar visit plan relative to the maintenance programme. The aircraft hangar visit plan should be updated on a regular basis. 2. Protection from the weather elements relates to the normal prevailing local weather elements that are expected throughout any twelve month period. Aircraft hangar and component workshop structures should prevent the ingress of rain, hail, ice, snow, wind and dust etc. Aircraft hangar and component workshop floors should be sealed to minimise dust generation. 3. For line maintenance of aircraft, hangars are not essential but it is recommended that access to hangar accommodation be demonstrated for usage during inclement weather for minor scheduled work and lengthy defect rectification. 4. Aircraft maintenance staff should be provided with an area where they may study maintenance instructions and complete maintenance records in a proper manner. AMC 145.A.25 (b) Facility requirements It is acceptable to combine any or all of the office accommodation requirements into one office subject to the staff having sufficient room to carry out assigned tasks. In addition, as part of the office accommodation, aircraft maintenance staff should be provided with an area where they may study maintenance instructions and complete maintenance records in a proper manner. AMC 145.A.25 (d) Facility requirements 1. Storage facilities for serviceable aircraft components should be clean, well ventilated and maintained at a constant dry temperature to minimise the effects of condensation. Manufacturer’s storage recommendations should be followed for those aircraft components identified in such published 20 | P a g e Issue 02, R5, 15th June 2021  CAR 145 recommendations. 2. Storage racks should be strong enough to hold aircraft components and provide sufficient support for large aircraft components such that the component is not distorted during storage. 3. All aircraft components, wherever practicable, should remain packaged in protective material to minimize damage and corrosion during storage. 145.A.30 PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS (a) The organisation shall appoint an accountable manager who has corporate authority for ensuring that all maintenance required by the customer can be financed and carried out to the standard required by this CAR. The accountable manager shall: 1. ensure that all necessary resources are available to accomplish maintenance in accordance with 145.A.65(b) to support the organization approval. 2. establish and promote the safety and quality policy specified in 145.A.65(a). 3. demonstrate a basic understanding of this CAR. (b) The organisation shall nominate a person or group of persons, whose responsibilities include ensuring that the organisation complies with this CAR. Such person(s) shall ultimately be responsible to the accountable manager. 1. The person or persons nominated shall represent the maintenance management structure of the organisation and be responsible for all functions specified in this CAR. 2. The person or persons nominated shall be identified and their credentials submitted in CA Form 4 (Appendix V) and forwarded to DGCA under confidential cover. 3. The person or persons nominated shall be able to demonstrate relevant knowledge, background and satisfactory experience related to aircraft or component maintenance and demonstrate a working knowledge of this CAR. 4. Procedures shall make clear who deputises for any particular person in the case of lengthy absence of the said person. (c) The accountable manager under paragraph (a) shall appoint a person with responsibility for monitoring the quality system, including the associated feedback system as required by 145.A.65(c). The appointed person shall have direct access to the accountable manager to ensure that the accountable 21 | P a g e Issue 02, R5, 15th June 2021  CAR 145 manager is kept properly informed on quality and compliance matters. (d) The organisation shall have a maintenance man-hour plan showing that the organisation has sufficient staff to plan, perform, supervise, inspect and quality monitor the organisation in accordance with the approval. In addition, the organisation shall have a procedure to reassess work intended to be carried out when actual staff availability is less than the planned staffing level for any particular work shift or period. (e) The organisation shall establish and control the competence of personnel involved in any maintenance, development of maintenance programme, airworthiness review, management and/or quality audits in accordance with a procedure and to a standard agreed by DGCA. In addition to the necessary expertise related to the job function, competence must include an understanding of the application of human factors and human performance issues appropriate to that person's function in the organisation. ‘Human factors’ means principles which apply to aeronautical design, certification, training, operations and maintenance and which seek safe interface between the human and other system components by proper consideration of human performance. ‘Human performance’ means human capabilities and limitations which have an impact on the safety and efficiency of aeronautical operations. (f) The organisation shall ensure that personnel who carry out and/or control a continued airworthiness non-destructive test of aircraft structures and/or components are appropriately qualified for the particular non-destructive test in accordance with DGCA specified standard or equivalent Standard recognised by DGCA. Personnel who carry out any other specialised task shall be appropriately qualified in accordance with officially recognized Standards. By derogation to this paragraph those personnel specified in paragraphs (g) and (h)(1) and (h)(2), qualified in Category B1 or B3 in accordance with CAR 66 may carry out and/or control colour contrast dye penetrant tests. (g) Any organisation maintaining aircraft, except where stated otherwise in point (j), shall in the case of aircraft line maintenance, have appropriate aircraft rated certifying staff qualified as category B1, or B2, B3 as appropriate in accordance with CAR 66 or appropriately authorized by DGCA , and point 145.A.35. In addition such organisations may also use appropriately task trained certifying staff holding the privileges described in points 66.A.20 (a)(1) and 66.A.20(a)(3)(b) and qualified in accordance with CAR-66 and point 145.A.35 to carry out minor scheduled line maintenance and simple defect rectification. The availability of such certifying staff shall not replace the need for category B1, B2, B3 certifying staff, as appropriate. (h) Any organisation maintaining aircraft, except where stated otherwise in 22 | P a g e Issue 02, R5, 15th June 2021  CAR 145 paragraph (j) shall: 1. in the case of base maintenance of complex motor-powered aircraft, have appropriate aircraft type rated certifying staff qualified as Category C in accordance with CAR 66 and meeting the requirements of 145.A.35. In addition the organisation shall have sufficient aircraft type rated staff qualified as category B1, B2 as appropriate in accordance with CAR 66 and 145.A.35 to support the Category C certifying staff. (i) B1 and B2 support staff shall ensure that all relevant tasks or inspections have been carried out to the required standard before the category C certifying staff issues the certificate of release to service. (ii) The organisation shall maintain a register of any such B1 and B2 support staff. (iii) The category C certifying staff shall ensure that compliance with paragraph (i) has been met and that all work required by the customer has been accomplished during the particular base maintenance check or work package, and shall also assess the impact of any work not carried out with a view to either requiring its accomplishment or agreeing with the operator to defer such work to another specified check or time limit. 2. In the case of base maintenance of aircraft other than complex motor- powered aircraft have either i. appropriate aircraft rated certifying staff qualified as category B1, B2 , B3 in accordance with CAR 66 and point 145.A.35; or ii. Appropriate aircraft rated certifying staff qualified category C and assisted by support staff as specified in point 145.A.35 (a)(i). (i) Component certifying staff shall comply with CAR 66. (j) By derogation to paragraphs (g) and (h), in relation to the obligation to comply with CAR 66 the organisation may use certifying staff qualified in accordance with the following provisions: 1. For organisation facilities located outside India certifying staff may be qualified in accordance with the national aviation regulations of the State in which the organisation facility is registered subject to the conditions specified in Appendix IV to this CAR. 2. For line maintenance carried out at a line station of an organisation which is located outside India, the certifying staff may be qualified in accordance with the national aviation regulations of the State in which the line station is based, subject to the conditions specified in Appendix IV to this CAR. 23 | P a g e Issue 02, R5, 15th June 2021  CAR 145 3. For a repetitive pre-flight airworthiness directive which specifically states that the flight crew may carry out such airworthiness directive, the organisation may issue a limited certification authorisation to the aircraft commander and/or the flight engineer on the basis of the flight crew licence held. However, the organisation shall ensure that sufficient practical training has been carried out to ensure that such aircraft commander or flight engineer can accomplish the airworthiness directive to the required standard. 4. In the case of aircraft operating away from a supported location the organisation may issue a limited certification authorisation to the commander and/or the flight engineer on the basis of the flight crew licence held subject to being satisfied that sufficient practical training has been carried out to ensure that the commander or flight engineer can accomplish the specified task to the required standard. The provisions of this paragraph shall be detailed in an exposition procedure. 5. In the following unforeseen cases, where an aircraft is grounded at a location other than the main base where no appropriate certifying staffs are available, the organisation contracted to provide maintenance support may issue a one- off certification authorisation: (i) to one of its employees holding equivalent type authorisations on aircraft of similar technology, construction and systems; or (ii) to any person with not less than five years maintenance experience and holding a valid ICAO aircraft maintenance licence rated for the aircraft type requiring certification provided there is no organisation appropriately approved under this CAR at that location and the contracted organisation obtains and holds on file evidence of the experience and the licence of that person. All such cases as specified in this subparagraph must be reported to DGCA within seven days of the issuance of such certification authorisation. The organisation issuing the one-off authorisation shall ensure that any such maintenance that could affect flight safety is re-checked by an appropriately approved organisation. AMC 145.A.30 (a) Personnel requirements With regard to the accountable manager, it is normally intended to mean the chief executive officer of the approved maintenance organisation, who by virtue of position has overall (including in particular financial) responsibility for running the organisation. The accountable manager may be the accountable manager for more than one organisation and is not required to be necessarily knowledgeable on technical matters as the maintenance organisation exposition defines the maintenance standards. When the accountable manager is not the chief executive officer, DGCA will need to be assured that such an accountable manager has direct access to chief executive officer and has a sufficiency of ‘maintenance funding’ allocation. 24 | P a g e Issue 02, R5, 15th June 2021  CAR 145 AMC 145.A.30 (b) Personnel requirements 1. Dependent upon the size of the organisation, the CAR -145 functions may be subdivided under individual managers or combined in any number of ways. 2. The organisation should have, dependent upon the extent of approval, a base maintenance manager, a line maintenance manager, a workshop manager and a quality manager, all of whom should report to the accountable manager except in small CAR-145 organisation where any one manager may also be the accountable manager, as determined by DGCA, he/she may also be the line maintenance manager or the workshop manager. 3. The base maintenance manager is responsible for ensuring that all maintenance required to be carried out in the hangar, plus any defect rectification carried out during base maintenance, is carried out to the design and quality standards specified in 145.A.65 (b). The base maintenance manager is also responsible for any corrective action resulting from the quality compliance monitoring of145.A.65(c). 4. The line maintenance manager is responsible for ensuring that all maintenance required to be carried out on the line including line defect rectification is carried out to the standards specified in 145.A.65(b) and also responsible for any corrective action resulting from the quality compliance monitoring of 145.A.65(c). 5. The workshop manager is responsible for ensuring that all work on aircraft components is carried out to the standards specified in 145.A.65(b) and also responsible for any corrective action resulting from the quality compliance monitoring of 145.A.65(c). 6. The quality manager’s responsibility is specified in 145.A.30(c). 7. Notwithstanding the example sub-paragraphs 2 - 6 titles, the organisation may adopt any title for the foregoing managerial positions but should identify to DGCA the titles and persons chosen to carry out these functions. 8. Where an organisation chooses to appoint managers for all or any combination of the identified CAR-145 functions because of the size of the undertaking, it is necessary that these managers report ultimately through either the base maintenance manager or line maintenance manager or workshop manager or quality manager, as appropriate, to the accountable manager. NOTE: Certifying staff may report to any of the managers specified depending upon which type of control the approved maintenance organisation uses (for example licensed engineers/ independent inspection/ dual function supervisors etc.) so long as the quality compliance monitoring staff specified in 145.A.65(c)(1) remain independent. AMC 145.A.30(c) Personnel requirements Monitoring the quality system includes requesting remedial action as necessary by the accountable manager and the nominated persons referred to in 145.A.30 (b). 25 | P a g e Issue 02, R5, 15th June 2021  CAR 145 AMC 145.A.30 (d) Personnel requirements 1. Has sufficient staff means that the organisation employs or contracts such staff as detailed in the man hour plan, of which at least half the staff that perform maintenance in each workshop, hangar or flight line on any shift should be employed to ensure organisational stability. For the purpose of meeting a specific operational necessity, a temporary increase of the proportion of contracted staff may be permitted to the organisation by the DGCA, in accordance with an approved procedure which should describe the extent, specific duties, and responsibilities for ensuring adequate organisation stability. For the purpose of this sub- paragraph, employed means the person is directly employed on full time basis, as an individual by the maintenance organisation approved under CAR -145 whereas contracted means the person is employed by another organisation and contracted by that organisation to the maintenance organisation approved under CAR-145. 2. The maintenance man-hour plan should take into account all maintenance activities carried out outside the scope of the CAR-145 approval. The planned absence (for training, vacations, etc.) should be considered when developing the man-hour plan. 3. The maintenance man-hour plan should relate to the anticipated maintenance work load except that when the organisation cannot predict such workload, due to the short term nature of its contracts, then such plan should be based upon the minimum maintenance workload needed for commercial viability. Maintenance work load includes all necessary work such as, but not limited to, planning, maintenance record checks, production of worksheets/cards in paper or electronic form, accomplishment of maintenance, inspection and the completion of maintenance records. 4. In the case of aircraft base maintenance, the maintenance man-hour plan should relate to the aircraft hangar visit plan as specified in AMC 145.A.25 (a). 5. In the case of aircraft component maintenance, the maintenance man-hour plan should relate to the aircraft component planned maintenance as specified in 145.A.25(a) (2). 6. The quality monitoring compliance function man-hours should be sufficient to meet the requirement of 145.A.65(c) which means taking into account AMC 145.A.65(c). Where quality monitoring staff perform other functions, the time allocated to such functions needs to be taken into account in determining quality monitoring staff numbers. 7. The maintenance man-hour plan should be reviewed at least every 3 months and updated when necessary. 8. Significant deviation from the maintenance man-hour plan should be reported through the departmental manager to the quality manager and the accountable manager for review. Significant deviation means more than a 26 | P a g e Issue 02, R5, 15th June 2021  CAR 145 25% shortfall in available man-hours during a calendar month for any one of the functions specified in 145.A.30(d). AMC1 145.A.30 (e) Personnel requirements Competence should be defined as a measurable skill or standard of performance, knowledge and understanding, taking into consideration attitude and behaviour. The referenced procedure requires amongst others that planners, mechanics, specialised services staff, supervisors, certifying staff and support staff, whether employed or contracted, are assessed for competence before unsupervised work commences and competence is controlled on a continuous basis. Competence should be assessed by evaluation of: — on-the-job performance and/or testing of knowledge by appropriately qualified personnel, and — records for basic, organisational, and/or product type and differences training, and — experience records. Validation of the above could include a confirmation check with the organisation(s) that issued such document(s). For that purpose, experience/training may be recorded in a document such as a log book or based on the suggested template in GM 3 to 145.A.30(e). As a result of this assessment, an individual’s qualification should determine: — which level of on-going supervision would be required or whether unsupervised work could be permitted. — Whether there is a need for additional training. A record of such qualification and competence assessment should be kept. This should include copies of all documents that attest to qualification, such as the licence and/or any authorisation held, as applicable. For a proper competence assessment of its personnel, the organisation should consider that: 1. In accordance with the job function, adequate initial and recurrent training should be provided and recorded to ensure continued competence so that it is maintained throughout the duration of employment/contract. 2. All staff should be able to demonstrate knowledge of and compliance with the maintenance organisation procedures, as applicable to their duties. 27 | P a g e Issue 02, R5, 15th June 2021  CAR 145 3. All staff should be able to demonstrate an understanding of human factors and human performance issues in relation with their job function and be trained as per AMC 2 145.A.30(e). 4. To assist in the assessment of competence and to establish the training needs analysis, job descriptions are recommended for each job function in the organisation. Job descriptions should contain sufficient criteria to enable the required competence assessment. 5. Criteria should allow the assessment to establish that, among others (titles might be different in each organisation): — Managers are able to properly manage the work output, processes, resources and priorities described in their assigned duties and responsibilities in a safe compliant manner in accordance with regulations and organisation procedures. — Planners are able to interpret maintenance requirements into maintenance tasks, and have an understanding that they have no authority to deviate from the maintenance data. — Supervisors are able to ensure that all required maintenance tasks are carried out and, where not completed or where it is evident that a particular maintenance task cannot be carried out to the maintenance data, then such problems will be reported to the 145.A.30(c) person for appropriate action. In addition, for those supervisors, who also carry out maintenance tasks, that they understand such tasks should not be undertaken when incompatible with their management responsibilities. — Mechanics are able to carry out maintenance tasks to any standard specified in the maintenance data and will notify supervisors of defects or mistakes requiring rectification to re-establish required maintenance standards. — Specialised services staff are able to carry out specialised maintenance tasks to the standard specified in the maintenance data. They should be able to communicate with supervisors and report accurately when necessary. — Support staff are able to determine that relevant tasks or inspections have been carried out to the required standard. — Certifying staff are able to determine when the aircraft or aircraft component is ready to release to service and when it should not be released to service. — Quality audit staff is able to monitor compliance with CAR -145 identifying non- compliance in an effective and timely manner so that the organisation may remain in compliance with CAR -145. Competence assessment should be based upon the procedure specified in GM 2 to 145.A.30(3). AMC2 145.A.30 (e) Personnel requirements In respect to the understanding of the application of human factors and human 28 | P a g e Issue 02, R5, 15th June 2021  CAR 145 performance issues, all maintenance organisation personnel should have received an initial and continuation human factors training. This should concern to a minimum: — Post-holders, managers, supervisors; — certifying staff, support staff and mechanics; — Technical support personnel such as planners, engineers, technical record staff; — Quality control/assurance staff; — Specialised services staff; — Human factors staff/human factors trainers; — Store department staff, purchasing department staff; — Ground equipment operators. 1. Initial human factors training should cover all the topics of the training syllabus specified in GM 145.A.30 (e) either as a dedicated course or else integrated within other training. The syllabus may be adjusted to reflect the particular nature of the organisation. The syllabus may also be adjusted to meet the particular nature of work for each function within the organisation. For example: — small organisations not working in shifts may cover in less depth subjects related to teamwork and communication; — planners may cover in more depth the scheduling and planning objective of the syllabus and in less depth the objective of developing skills for shift working. All personnel, including personnel being recruited from any other organisation should receive initial human factors training compliant with the organisation’s training standards prior to commencing actual job function, unless their competence assessment justifies that there is no need for such training. Newly directly employed personnel working under direct supervision may receive training within 6 months after joining the maintenance organisation. 2. The purpose of human factors continuation training is primarily to ensure that staff remain current in terms of human factors and also to collect feedback on human factors issues. Consideration should be given to the possibility that such training has the involvement of the quality department. There should be a procedure to ensure that feedback is formally passed from the trainers to the quality department to initiate action where necessary. Human factors continuation training should be of an appropriate duration in each two year period in relation to relevant quality audit findings and other internal/external sources of information on human errors in maintenance available to the organisation. 29 | P a g e Issue 02, R5, 15th June 2021  CAR 145 3. Human factors training may be conducted by the maintenance organisation itself, or independent trainers, or any training organisations acceptable to the DGCA. 4. The human factors training procedures should be specified in the maintenance organisation exposition. AMC3 145.A.30(e) Personnel requirements Additional training in fuel tank safety as well as associated inspection standards and maintenance procedures should be required for maintenance organisations’ technical personnel, especially technical personnel involved in the compliance of CDCCL tasks. Further guidance is provided for training to maintenance organisation personnel in Appendix IV to AMC to 145.A.30 (e) and 145.B.10 (3). AMC4 145.A.30(e) Personnel requirements Competence assessment should include the verification for the need of additional EWIS training when relevant. AMC 145.A.30 (f) Personnel requirements 1. Continued airworthiness non-destructive testing means such testing specified by the type certificate holder /aircraft or engine or propeller manufacturer in accordance with the maintenance data as specified in CAR 145.A.45 for in service aircraft/aircraft components for the purpose of determining the continued fitness of the product to operate safely. 2. Appropriately qualified means to Level 1, 2 or 3 as defined by DGCA in Airworthiness Advisory Circular (AAC) 2 of 2017, dependent upon the non- destructive testing function to be carried out. 3. Notwithstanding the fact that Level 3 personnel may be qualified as per Airworthiness Advisory Circular (AAC) 2 of 2017 to establish and authorise methods, techniques, etc., this does not permit such personnel to deviate from methods and techniques published by the type certificate holder/manufacturer in the form of continued airworthiness data, such as in non-destructive test manuals or service bulletins, unless the manual or service bulletin expressly permits such deviation. 4. Procedure for issue of authorization to personnel engaged in NDT is given in Airworthiness Advisory Circular 2 of 2017. 5. Particular non-destructive test means any one or more of the following; Dye penetrant, magnetic particle, eddy current, ultrasonic and radiographic methods including X ray and gamma ray. 6. It should be noted that new methods are and will be developed, such as, but not limited to thermography and shearography, which are not specifically 30 | P a g e Issue 02, R5, 15th June 2021  CAR 145 addressed in Airworthiness Advisory Circular (AAC) 2 of 2017. Until such time as an agreed standard is established such methods should be carried out in accordance with the particular equipment manufacturer’s recommendations including any training and examination process to ensure competence of the personnel with the process. 7. Any maintenance organisation approved under CAR-145 that carries out NDT should establish NDT specialist qualification procedures detailed in the exposition and accepted by DGCA. 8. Boroscoping and other techniques such as delamination coin tapping are non- destructive inspections rather than non-destructive testing. Notwithstanding such differentiation, the maintenance organisation should establish an exposition procedure accepted by DGCA to ensure that personnel who carry out and interpret such inspections are properly trained and assessed for their competence with the process. Non-destructive inspections, not being considered as NDT by CAR- 145 are not listed in Appendix II under class rating D1. 9. The referenced standards, methods, training and procedures should be specified in the maintenance organisation exposition. 10. Any such personnel who intend to carry out and/or control a non- destructive test for which they were not qualified prior to the effective date of CAR-145 should qualify for such non-destructive test in accordance with Airworthiness Advisory Circular (AAC) 2 of 2017. In this context officially recognised standard means those standards established or published by an official body and acceptable to DGCA which are widely recognised by the air transport sector as constituting good practice. AMC 145.A.30 (g) Personnel requirements 1. For the purposes of CAR 66.A.20 (a) (1) and 66.A.20(a)(3)(b) personnel personnel, minor scheduled line maintenance means any minor scheduled inspection/check up to and including a weekly check specified in the operators approved aircraft maintenance programme. For aircraft maintenance programmes that do not specify a weekly check, DGCA will determine the most significant check that is considered equivalent to a weekly check. 2. Typical tasks permitted after appropriate task training to be carried out by the CAR 66.A.20 (a) (1) and the 66.A.20(a)(3)(b) personnel personnel, for the purpose of these personnel issuing an aircraft certificate of release to service as specified in 145.A.50 as part of minor scheduled line maintenance or simple defect rectification are contained in the following list: (a) Replacement of wheel assemblies. (b) Replacement of wheel brake units. (c) Replacement of emergency equipment. (d) Replacement of ovens, boilers and beverage makers. 31 | P a g e Issue 02, R5, 15th June 2021  CAR 145 (e) Replacement of internal and external lights, filaments and flash tubes. (f) Replacement of windscreen wiper blades. (g) Replacement of passenger and cabin crew seats, seat belts and harnesses. (h) Closing of cowlings and refitment of quick access inspection panels. (i) Replacement of toilet system components but excluding gate valves. (j) Simple repairs and replacement of internal compartment doors and placards but excluding doors forming part of a pressure structure. (k) Simple repairs and replacement of overhead storage compartment doors and cabin furnishing items. (l) Replacement of static wicks. (m) Replacement of aircraft main and APU aircraft batteries. (n) Replacement of inflight entertainment system components other than public address. (o) Routine lubrication and replenishment of all system fluids and gases. (p) The de-activation only of sub-systems and aircraft components as permitted by the operator's minimum equipment list where such de- activation is agreed by DGCA as a simple task. (q) Inspection for and removal of de-icing/anti-icing fluid residues, including Removal /closure of panels, cowls or covers or the use of special tools. (r) Any other task agreed by DGCA as a simple task for a particular aircraft type. This may include defect deferment when all the following conditions are met:  There is no need for troubleshooting; and  The task is in the MEL; and  The maintenance action required by the MEL is agreed by the competent authority to be simple. In the particular case of helicopters, and in addition to the items above, the following: (s) Removal and installation of Helicopter Emergency Medical Service (HEMS) simple internal medical equipment. (t) Removal and installation of external cargo provisions (i.e., external hook, mirrors) other than the hoist. (u) Removal and installation of quick release external cameras and search lights. (v) Removal and installation of emergency float bags, not including the bottles. (w) Removal and installation of external doors fitted with quick release attachments. (x) Removal and installation of snow pads/skid wear shoes/slump protection pads. No task which requires troubleshooting should be part of the authorised maintenance actions. Release to service after rectification of deferred defects should be permitted as long as the task is listed above. 32 | P a g e Issue 02, R5, 15th June 2021  CAR 145 3. The requirement of having appropriate aircraft type rated certifying staff qualified as category B1, B2, B3 as appropriate, in the case of aircraft line maintenance does not imply that the organisation must have type rated personnel at every line station. The MOE should have a procedure on how to deal with defects requiring type rated.B1, B2 or B3 certifying staff 4. DGCA may accept that in the case of aircraft line maintenance an organisation has only B1, B2 or B3 certifying staff, as appropriate, provided that the DGCA is satisfied that the scope of work, as defined in the Maintenance Organisation Exposition, does not need the availability of all B1, B2 or B3 certifying staff. Special attention should be taken to clearly limit the scope of scheduled and non-scheduled line maintenance (defect rectification) to only those tasks that can be certified by the available certifying staff category. AMC 145.A.30 (h) Personnel requirements. In accordance with 145.A.30 (h) and 145.A.35, the qualification requirements (basic licence, aircraft ratings, recent experience and continuation training) are identical for certifying staff and for support staff. The only difference is that support staff cannot hold certification privileges when performing this role since during base maintenance the release to service will be issued by category C certifying staff. Nevertheless, the organisation may use as support staff (for base maintenance) persons who already hold certification privileges for line maintenance. AMC 145.A.30.(j) (4) Personnel requirements 1. For the issue of a limited certification authorization; (a) the commander or flight engineer should hold either a valid air transport pilot license (ATPL), commercial pilot license (CPL). (b) the flight engineer (F/EL) licence in accordance with Schedule II of Aircraft Rules 1937, or a national equivalent acceptable to DGCA on the aircraft type. 2. In addition the limited certification authorisation is subject to the maintenance organisation exposition containing procedures to address the personnel requirements of 145.A.30 (e) and associated AMC and guidance material. The procedures should be accepted by the DGCA and should include as a minimum: (a) Completion of adequate maintenance airworthiness regulation training. (b) Completion of adequate task training for the specific task on the aircraft. The task training should be of sufficient duration to ensure that the individual has a thorough understanding of the task to be completed and will involve training in the use of associated maintenance data. (c) Completion of the procedural training as specified in CAR-145. 33 | P a g e Issue 02, R5, 15th June 2021  CAR 145 The above procedures should be specified in the maintenance organisation exposition and be accepted by DGCA. 2.(i) Typical tasks that may be certified and/or carried out by the commander holding an ATPL or CPL are minor maintenance or simple checks included in the following list: (a) Replacement of internal lights, filaments and flash tubes. (b) Closing of cowlings and re-fitment of quick access inspection panels. (c) Role changes e.g. stretcher fit, dual controls, FLIR, doors, photographic equipment etc. (d) Inspection for and removal of de-icing/anti-icing fluid residues, including removal/ closure of panels, cowls or covers that are easily accessible but not requiring the use of special tools. (e) Any check / replacement involving simple techniques consistent with this AMC and as agreed by DGCA. (ii) Holders of a valid Flight engineer’s licence on the aircraft type may only exercise this limited certification authorisation privilege when performing the duties of a flight engineer. In addition to paragraph 2(i) (a) to (e) other typical minor maintenance or simple defect rectification tasks that may be carried out are included in the following list: a. Replacement of wheel assemblies. b. Replacement of simple emergency equipment that is easily accessible. c. Replacement of ovens, boilers and beverage makers. d. Replacement of external lights. e. Replacement of passenger and cabin crew seat belts and harnesses f. Simple replacement of overhead storage compartment doors and cabin Furnishing items. g. Replacement of static wicks. h. Replacement of aircraft main and APU aircraft batteries. i. Replacement of in flight entertainment system components other than public address. j. The de-activation only of sub-systems and aircraft components as permitted by the operator's minimum equipment list where such deactivation is agreed by DGCA as a simple task. k. Re-setting of tripped circuit breakers under the guidance of maintenance control. l. Any other simple task as agreed by DGCA as a simple task for a particular aircraft type. 3. The authorisation should have a finite life of twelve months subject to satisfactory re-current training on the applicable aircraft type. AMC 145. A.30 (j)(5) Personnel requirements 1. For the purposes of this sub-paragraph “unforeseen” means that the aircraft 34 | P a g e Issue 02, R5, 15th June 2021  CAR 145 grounding could not reasonably have been predicted by the operator because the defect was unexpected due to being part of a hitherto reliable system. 2. A one-off authorisation should only be considered for issue by the quality department of the contracted organisation after it has made a reasoned judgment that such a requirement is appropriate under the circumstances and at the same time maintaining the required airworthiness standards. The organisation’s quality department will need to assess each situation individually prior to the issuance of a one-off authorization 3. A one-off authorisation should not be issued where the level of certification required could exceed the knowledge and experience level of the person it is issued to. In all cases, due consideration should be given to the complexity of the work involved and the availability of required tooling and/or test equipment needed to complete the work. AMC 145. A.30 (j)(5)(i) Personnel requirements In those situations where the requirement for a one off authorisation to issue a CRS for a task on an aircraft type for which certifying staff does not hold a type- rated authorisation has been identified, the following procedure is recommended: 1. Flight crew should communicate details of the defect to the operator’s supporting maintenance organisation with full details of the defect. If necessary the supporting maintenance organisation will then request the use of a one off authorisation from the quality department. 2. When issuing a one off authorisation, the quality department of the organisation should verify that: (a) Full technical details relating to the work required to be carried out have been established and passed to the certifying staff. (b) The organisation has an approved procedure in place for coordinating and controlling the total maintenance activity undertaken at the location under the authority of the one off authorisation. (c) The person to whom a one-off Authorisation is issued has been provided all the necessary information and guidance relating to maintenance data and any special technical instructions associated with the specific task undertaken. A detailed step by step worksheet has been defined by the organisation, communicated to the one off authorisation holder. (d) The person holds authorisations of equivalent level and scope on other aircraft type of similar technology, construction and systems. 3. The one off authorisation holder should sign off the detailed step by step worksheet when completing the work steps. The completed tasks should be 35 | P a g e Issue 02, R5, 15th June 2021  CAR 145 verified by visual examination and/or normal system operation upon return to an appropriately approved CAR-145 maintenance facility. AMC 145.A.30(j)(5)(ii) Personnel requirements This paragraph addresses staff not employed by the maintenance organisation who meet the requirements of 145.A.30 (j) (5). In addition to the items listed in AMC 145.A.30(j) (5) (i), paragraph 1, 2(a), (b) and (c) and 3 the quality department of the organisation may issue such one off authorisation provided full qualification details relating to the proposed certifying personnel are verified by the quality department and made available at the location. GM 1 145.A.30 (e) Personnel requirements (Training syllabus for initial human factors training) The training syllabus below identifies the topics and subtopics to be addressed during the human factors training. The maintenance organisation may combine, divide, and change the order of any subject of the syllabus to suit its own needs, so long as all subjects are covered to a level of detail appropriate to the organisation and its personnel. Some of the topics may be covered in separate training (health and safety, management, supervisory skills, etc.) in which case duplication of training is not necessary. Where possible, practical illustrations and examples should be used, especially accident and incident reports. Topics should be related to existing legislation, where relevant. Topics should be related to existing guidance/ advisory material, where relevant (e.g. ICAO Human Factors Digests and Training Manual). Topics should be related to maintenance engineering where possible; too much unrelated theory should be avoided. 1 General /Introduction to Human Factors 1.1 Need to address human factors 1.2 Statistics 1.3 Incidents 2 Safety Culture / Organisational factors 3 Human Error 3.1 Error models and theories 3.2 Types of errors in maintenance tasks 3.3 Violations 3.4 Implications of errors 36 | P a g e Issue 02, R5, 15th June 2021  CAR 145 3.5 Avoiding and managing errors 3.6 Human reliability 4 Human performance & limitations 4.1 Vision 4.2 Hearing 4.3 Information-processing 4.4 Attention and perception 4.5 Situational awareness 4.6 Memory 4.7 Claustrophobia and physical access 4.8 Motivation 4.9 Fitness/Health 4.10 Stress 4.11 Workload management 4.12 Fatigue 4.13 Alcohol, medication, drugs 4.14 Physical work 4.15 Repetitive tasks / complacency 5 Environment 5.1 Peer pressure 5.2 Stressors 5.3 Time pressure and deadlines 5.4 Workload 5.5 Shift Work 5.6 Noise and fumes 5.7 Illumination 5.8 Climate and Temperature 5.9 Motion and vibration 5.10 Complex systems 5.11 Hazards in the workplace 5.12 Lack of manpower 5.13 Distractions and interruptions 6 Procedures, information, tools and practices 6.1 Visual Inspection 6.2 Work logging and recording 37 | P a g e Issue 02, R5, 15th June 2021  CAR 145 6.3 Procedure – practice / mismatch / norms 6.4 Technical documentation – access and quality 6.5. Critical maintenance tasks and error-capturing methods (independent inspection, re inspection, etc.) 7 Communication 7.1 Shift / Task handover 7.2 Dissemination of information 7.3 Cultural differences 8 Teamwork 8.1 Responsibility 8.2 Management, supervision and leadership 8.3 Decision making 9 Professionalism and integrity 9.1 Keeping up to date; currency 9.2 Error provoking behaviour 9.3 Assertiveness 10 Organisation’s Human Factor program 10.1 Reporting errors 10.2 Disciplinary policy 10.3 Error investigation 10.4 Action to address problems 10.5 Feedback GM2 145.A.30(e) Competence assessment procedure The organisation should develop a procedure describing the process of competence assessment of personnel. The procedure should specify — persons responsible for this process, — when the assessment should take place, — credits from previous assessments, — validation of qualification records, — means and methods for the initial assessment, — means and methods for the continuous control of competence including feedback on personnel performance, — competences to be observed during the assessment in relation with each job function, — actions to be taken when assessment is not satisfactory, — recording of assessment results. 38 | P a g e Issue 02, R5, 15th June 2021  CAR 145 For example, according to the job functions and the scope, size and complexity of the organisation, the assessment may consider the following (the table is not exhaustive Certifying staff Service Staff and Support Quality audit Specialized Mechanics Supervisor Planners Manager Staff staff Knowledge of applicable officially recognised X X standards Knowledge of auditing techniques: planning, X conducting and reporting Knowledge of human factors, human X X X X X X X performance and limitations Knowledge of logistics processes X X X Knowledge of organisation capabilities, X X X X X X privileges and limitations Knowledge of CAR-M, CAR-145 and any X X X X X other relevant regulations Knowledge of relevant parts of the X X X X X X X maintenance organisation exposition and procedures Knowledge of occurrence reporting system X X X X X and understanding of the importance of reporting occurrences, incorrect maintenance data and existing or potential defects Knowledge of safety risks linked to the X X X X X X X working environment Knowledge on CDCCL when relevant X X X X X X X Knowledge on EWIS when relevant X X X X X X X Understanding of professional integrity, X X X X X X X behaviour and attitude towards safety Understanding of conditions for ensuring X X continuing airworthiness of aircraft and components Understanding of his/her own human X X X X X X X performance and limitations Understanding of personnel authorisations X X X X X X X and limitations Understanding critical maintenance task X X X X X Ability to compile and control completed X X X work cards Ability to consider human performance and X X X X X limitations 39 | P a g e Issue 02, R5, 15th June 2021  CAR 145 Certifying staff Service Staff and Support Quality audit Specialized Mechanics Supervisor Planners Manager Staff staff Ability to determine required X X X qualifications for task performance Ability to identify and rectify existing and X X X X X potential unsafe conditions Ability to manage third parties involved in X X maintenance activity Ability to identify and properly plan X X X X performance of critical maintenance task Ability to prioritise tasks and report X X X discrepancies Ability to process the work requested by X X X the operator Ability to promote the safety and quality policy X X Ability to properly process removed, X X X X uninstalled and rejected parts Ability to properly record and sign for X X X X work accomplished Ability to recognise the acceptability of parts X X to be installed prior to fitment Ability to split complex maintenance tasks X into clear stages Ability to understand work orders, work cards X X X X X X and refer to and use applicable maintenance data Ability to use information systems X X X X X X X Ability to use, control and be familiar X X X X with required tooling and/or equipment Adequate communication and literacy skills X X X X X X X Analytical and proven auditing skills (for X example, objectivity, fairness, open- mindedness, determination, …) Maintenance error investigation skills X Resources management and production X X X planning skills Teamwork, decision-making and leadership X X skills 40 | P a g e Issue 02, R5, 15th June 2021  CAR 145 GM3 145.A.30(e) Template for recording experience/training The following template may be used to record the professional experience gained in an organisation and the training received and be considered during the competence assessment of the individual in another organisation. Aviation Maintenance personnel experience credential Name Given name Address Telephone E-mail Independent worker □ Trade Group: airframe □ engine □electric □ avionics □ other (specify) □……. Employer’s details (when applicable) Name Address Telephone Maintenance organisation details Name Address Telephone Approval Number Period of employment From: To: Domain of Employment: □Planning □Engineering □Technical Records □Store Department □Purchasing Mechanics/Technician □Line Maintenance □Base Maintenance □Component Maintenance □Servicing □Removal/installation □Testing/inspection □Scheduled Maintenance □Inspection □Repair □Trouble-shooting □Trouble-shooting □ Overhaul □Repair □Re-treatment □Reassembly A/C type A/C type Component type 41 | P a g e Issue 02, R5, 15th June 2021  CAR 145 Certifying Staff and support staff □Cat A □Cat B1 □Cat B2 □Cat C □Component type □Other (e.g. NDT) A/C type A/C type A/C type A/C type Component type Specify Certification privileges Yes □/ No □ □Specialised services Speciality (NDT, composites, welding, etc.): □ Skilled personnel Speciality (sheet metal, structures, wireman, upholstery, etc.): □ Ground equipment operation □ Quality control □ Quality assurance □ Training Total number of boxes ticked: □ Details of employment Training received from the contracting organisation Date Nature of training Certified by: Name: Date: Position: Signature: Contact details: Advisory note: A copy of the present credential will be kept for at least 3 years from its issuance by the maintenance organisation. 42 | P a g e Issue 02, R5, 15th June 2021  CAR 145 GM 145.A.30(j)(4) Personnel requirements (Flight crew) 1. The person shall be a holder of an ATPL or a CPL, issued in accordance with Schedule II of the Aircraft Rules, 1937. 2. The person shall be a holder of a Flight Engineers Licence, issued in accordance with Schedule II of the Aircraft Rules, 1937. Familiarisation with basic maintenance procedures, to give additional technical background knowledge, especially with respect to the implication of systems malfunctions, and to train the applicant in maintenance related to the Minimum equipment list (MEL). The theoretical knowledge instruction consists of 100 hours and includes the following elements: 1. Airframe and systems 2. Electrics 3. Power plant and emergency equipment 4. Flight instruments and automatic flight control systems Practical skills training provided by an organisation approved under CAR 145 is given which includes 35 Hours practical experience in the following subjects:  Fuselage and flight controls  Engines  Instruments  Landing gear and brakes  Cabin/cockpit/emergency equipment  De-icing/anti-icing related maintenance activities,  Ground handling and servicing  Certificate of completion Following successful completion of the technical training, the training organisation carrying out the theoretical knowledge instruction and/or the practical skill training, should provide the applicant with a certificate of satisfactory completion of the course, or part thereof.. 145.A.35 Certifying and support staff (a) In addition to the requirements of 145.A.30(g) and (h), the organisation shall ensure that certifying staff and support staff have an adequate understanding of the relevant aircraft and/or components to be maintained together with the associated organisation procedures. In the case of certifying staff, this shall be accomplished before the issue or re-issue of the certification authorisation. (i) “Support staff” means those staff holding an aircraft maintenance engineer 43 | P a g e Issue 02, R5, 15th June 2021  CAR 145 licence under CAR 66 in category B1, B2 or B3 with the appropriate aircraft ratings. Working in a base maintenance environment while not necessarily holding certification privileges. (ii) “Relevant aircraft and/or components”, means those aircraft or components specified in the particular certification authorisation. (iii) “Certification authorisation” means the authorisation issued to certifying staff by the organisation and which specifies the fact that they those staff may sign certificates of release to service within the limitations stated in such authorisation on behalf of the approved organisation.’; (b) Except for the cases listed in points 145.A.30 (j) and 66. 20(a) 3 (b) the organisation may only issue a certification authorisation to certifying staff in relation to the categories or subcategories and except for the category A licence of only type rating listed on the aircraft maintenance licence as required by CAR 66, subject to the licence remaining valid throughout the validity period of the authorisation and the certifying staff remaining in compliance with the CAR 66 (c) The organisation shall ensure that all certifying staff and support staff are involved in at least 6 months of actual relevant aircraft or component maintenance experience in any consecutive 2-year period. For the purpose of this paragraph “involved in actual relevant aircraft or component maintenance” means that the person has worked in an aircraft or component maintenance environment and has either exercised the privileges of the certification authorisation and/or has actually carried out maintenance on at least some of the aircraft type or aircraft g