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oidUB RESERVED: A SMART RESERVATION SYSTEM OF EVENT FACILITIES AT THE UNIVERSITY OF BATANGAS A study presented to The Faculty of the College of Information and Communication Technology Department University of Batangas – Ma...

oidUB RESERVED: A SMART RESERVATION SYSTEM OF EVENT FACILITIES AT THE UNIVERSITY OF BATANGAS A study presented to The Faculty of the College of Information and Communication Technology Department University of Batangas – Main Campus By Gabia, Von Ryan Ilagan, Jevedel Orong, Crystal Mae Magpantay, Rene Eboy Research Adviser  CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Project Context The University of Batangas is a well-known institution committed to offering high-quality education and promoting academic excellence. However, like many other educational institutions, the University of Batangas faces challenges in effectively managing its resources, specifically when it comes to reserving spaces for academic and extracurricular activities. The University of Batangas (UB) serves a varied community of students, instructors, and staff and is a thriving center for academic activity. The university is always hosting lots of events, meetings, lectures and workshops, therefore it is becoming more obvious that venue amenities require a streamlined and effective reservation system. Currently, schedule disputes, stakeholder uncertainty, and inefficient resource allocation are caused by the manual processes involved in venue reservations. The suggested capstone project, "Ub Reserved: A smart reservation system of event facilities at the University of Batangas" aims to transform venue reservation management in response to these problems. Through the use of technology and the implementation of a comprehensive and user-friendly reservation platform, this project seeks to improve user experience and reduce booking differences and maximize the use of campus resources, ultimately resulting in a more smooth and well-organized setting of UB's extracurricular and academic activities.The Reservation System is intended to promote optimal resource use by providing administrators with useful information about usage patterns and demand for various assets. Given this knowledge, administrators can make rational choices about scheduling, capacity management, and future infrastructure expenditures. Moreover, the system’s real-time updates and automatic notifications help stakeholders coordinate and communicate more effectively. UB Reserved introduces a comprehensive platform designed to optimize community engagement and facility utilization within the University of Batangas (UB). Acknowledging the growing importance of community services, UB aims to leverage advanced technology and artificial intelligence algorithms to streamline the reservation process for various university facilities. This system will enable both students and employees and visitors to conveniently book and manage reservations for university halls, courts, auditorium,and other amenities. By offering a user-friendly interface and complete functionality, UB Reserved enhances the university’s commitment to serving its community and fostering a culture of active participation and constructive engagement among its members. UB Reserved not only enhances efficiency but also represents a paradigm shift towards efficiency, transparency, and user satisfaction in the management of venue facilities. The university aims to leave to streamline the booking process and integrate SMS notifications for real-time updates. Developed using open-source technologies, it met specific functionalities and demonstrated promising performance. The system offers a user-friendly platform for managing event reservations at Lipa City Cultural. According to UCSI University, it is implementing a web-based facility reservation system, U-Reserve, to improve the reservation process and enhance security. The system, developed using HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and core Java, is designed to streamline the reservation process, enhance security measures, and enable data-driven resource optimization. The system's manual confirmation for Block B's discussion rooms at the library counter also adds to the challenges, impacting the overall experience for students, staff, and lecturers. The paper will discuss system comparison, literature review, development methodology, conclusion, and future work, offering insights into the development process and potential improvements. The world is increasingly moving online due to technology advancements. Online services like education, banking, shopping, and booking have become common. Computer reservation systems have made it possible for the tour and activity industry to sell globally. Customers can browse, book, and pay for tours online, making businesses accessible 24/7. However, some businesses still rely on manual booking. While functional, manual booking limits businesses from reaching their full potential. To stay competitive, tour operators need to offer online booking options.(TRIPADMIT, 2021) According to a study published in the JPAIR Multidisciplinary Research journal in (2021), an online event reservation system called "iReserve: An Online Event Reservation for Lipa City Cultural '' was proposed. The system aimed to address scheduling conflicts faced by the administration by streamlining the booking process and integrating SMS notification capabilities for real-time updates to clients. Developed using the software development life cycle, iReserve utilized open-source technologies like HTML, CSS, JavaScript, PHP, and MySQL. Evaluation using the ISO 9126 software evaluation tool showed that iReserve met specific functionalities and demonstrated promising performance. Overall, iReserve offers a user-friendly platform for managing event reservations in Lipa City Cultural. According to UCSI University’s ongoing expansion, keeping facilities’ information up-to-date has been challenging, leading to students and staff being unaware of available resources. The manual reservation process at the Group Logistics Management Office (GLMO) results in a three-day response time, exacerbating inefficiencies and risking overlapping reservations. Furthermore, manual confirmation for Block B’s discussion rooms at the library counter adds to these challenges, impacting the overall experience of students, staff, and lecturers. Therefore, the introduction of U-Reserve, a web-based facility reservation system, aims to address these issues. Developed using HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and core Java, with phpMyAdmin and MySQL for database management, the system aims to streamline the reservation process, enhance security measures, and enable data-driven resource optimization. The paper will delve into system comparison, literature review, development methodology, conclusion, and future work, offering insights into the development process and potential areas for improvement. The following advantages come with online hotel reservation systems, including availability at any time of the day and night, easy to manage, better analytical tools, more profits from selling extra services and products, and lesser cases of no-shows. They enable the creation, promotion, and sale of packages and add-ons that give a better experience to the customers. Also, online booking brings down the instances of no-show and enables the freeing of rooms with minimal interference. Payments are also made easier and faster especially where guest payments are done when booking and compensation where guests fail to show up. Web-based booking also helps minimize staff workloads as well as customer relations, by integrating the necessary bookings and updating the availability. They are crucial for businesses these days because customers can find everything they are interested in on the internet. Furthermore, it is important to understand that the online booking systems, as a rule, presuppose the creation of self-service options whereby guests make orders for services based on the open dates offered by the system. (Asenova, 2022) According to Ma’am Mhalen, the problem they always face is the double-booking system and a set of requests compiled. The announcement for the cancellation is always late, and MAGS is not immediately told that it is canceled. It turns out that they have turned on the air conditioner and will use something else for that event, so it is a waste of electricity that is being used because it is late when they say that it is canceled. Then different requestors pass for follow-up, but it's only one event, and other departments are not immediately given the day they need because there are already booked students or requestors who want to be an example in the auditorium, but the capacity is 1000, so they can't be in the auditorium because the capacity is only 700, and MAGS will find a way where they can be placed based on the number of participants.  A hotel and restaurant management system is software that manages guests who want to book or reserve a hotel or restaurant. The Booking Reservation System has submodules such as guest monitoring, general reports, booking reservation, facilities, and events. The system uses an agile approach, with requirements analysis, document design, and prototype design as the foundation. Iterations, demos, and feedback are crucial for identifying defects and resolving bugs. The development team has created a system that benefits the hotel and restaurant management system, booking reservation system, and guests. The system aims to speed up booking and reservation processes and meet the needs of guests. However, the project study is still in progress, and future researchers can use it as a basis for further improvements and system upgrades. (Fernandez, 2020) E-Tourism began with the initial airline computer reservation systems (CRS) implemented on mainframes. As data transmission networks expanded globally, they became global distribution systems (GDSs), which remain the B2B touristic distribution infrastructures today. The integration of such heterogeneous data networks into the Internet and invention of the World Wide Web as a multimedia distributed application system gave birth to comfortable Internet/Web booking engines. They facilitated highly usable browser-based online bookings as a self-service for customers and new forms of B2C travel distributions. The Internet and the WWW were the base technologies of all E-Tourism applications and therefore their architectures and components are described in detail as key enablers for online booking and CRS- Web- Front ends. (Goecke, 2022) The number of people accessing and using the internet around the globe has dramatically increased in recent years. This unabated penetration of the internet is forcing businesses to take their services online in order to reach out to a wider market. This calls for an implementation of a technological infrastructure that can allow interoperability between different systems or applications in an efficient and seamless manner. Web services provide the solution to this business need. They are developed in a way that allows applications to communicate or talk to each other irrespective of their location, IT infrastructure on which they run or programs used to develop them. A web service has an abstraction layer in its architecture that separates the technology from the applications or services to make it easy for applications to interact over the web without interference of the technological infrastructure. This is actually made possible by the use of standard technologies such as XML, SOAP, WSDL, UDDI, ebXML, HTTP and others that are at the core of the architecture of web services. Central to the operations of web services are ontologies. Ontology enables systems, people or organisations to have a shared understanding of terms or vocabulary used within a particular domain. Ontologies were first used in artificial intelligence but are now being widely used in various fields (Noy and Mcguinness, 2000). They explicitly specify intended meaning of terminologies used in a given expert domain. The main goal of ontologies is to enable interaction between parties in a system. In the context of web services, ontologies construct semantics used by web services to enable applications to interoperate easily. While the uptake of web services technology has not been as fast as many industry proponents and supporters would have wanted, there is enough evidence that more businesses will adopt web services in the future. With a few success stories of web services implementation and deployment, and so much effort being put on web services security standards by major corporate technology vendors and industry standard organizations, this future is not far off. The ultimate goal of this project is to develop an online reservation system that will be exposed to hospitality industry service providers as a web service. However, this paper in addition, tries to explain the technical composition of web services and the technologies and standards used to implement them. It also discusses the various techniques used to address the main challenge of security that web services need to overcome in order to attract widespread use among businesses. Finally, the paper outlines some of the advantages of using web services by businesses and the future of the technology in general, and of its application in the hospitality business in particular. Two examples of companies in the hospitality business that adopted web services have been used to demonstrate how useful web services can be to the hospitality sector. sector. (SEM, 2019) Purpose and Description The University of Batangas will always provide the best service to cater the needs of its students,faculty, and staff in enhancing its campus facilities. One key part of the university life is the presence and effective running of events facilities. Due to the observed problems of the traditional system, there is a need for a more effective and user-friendly approach , “UB-RESERVED: A Smart Reservation System for Event Facilities in University of Batangas” is created to address the said scenario. The purpose of the app is to reinvent the University traditional model for booking and management of event spaces within the University. This system is designed as an intuitive, easy to use, and quick event facility booking platform with event managers in mind. UB-RESERVED will be utilizing cutting-edge technology to simplify the reservation process for students, improve user experience and maximize the amount of time campus spaces are in use. The elements of the system include a simple-to-navigate interface that features some level of customization for reservation making, contact of personnel for queries and feedback, as well as the keeping of notifications or reminders for cancellations and confirmations. UB-RESERVED also provides quality reservation-ready facilities and improves the efficiency of user registration and authentication enhancements with real-time availability checking and booking capabilities. The purpose of UB-RESERVED is simplifying and updating the events reservations system of University of Batangas powered by smart technology and practical management services to maximize the use of resources, increase user comfort, and build a more systematic and user-friendly mode of managing and organizing events inside the university campus. Second, there are also scheduling algorithms in the Smart Reservation System that help to attain maximum utilization of event facilities and circumvent clashes. This makes it easier to schedule events at UB and enhances resource management. Also, security is paramount in the design of “UB-RESERVED” with strict measures put in place to protect against unauthorized access or loss of personal data and booking details. This builds confidence among users on the system as well as trustworthiness so that people can rely on it for organizing their events. Third, securing inputted data by the students and faculties. In this way , users will be able to feel that their information is fully secured and protected by the MAGS. People have the right to disclose his/her information in order to protect their data. According to the Ecci International (2020), A Data Privacy Act of 2012 is “to protect the fundamental human right to privacy of communication while ensuring free flow of information to promote innovation and growth and the State’s inherent obligations to ensure that personal information in information and communications systems in government and in the private sector are secured and protected”. Through this Data Privacy Act of 2012, this system will protect the identity of the person who will use it. Lastly, automated alerts and reminders play a role in the system ensuring that administrators and users stay updated on their bookings, upcoming events and any modifications. This proactive approach aids in cutting expenses, reducing waste and enhancing efficiency across the university campus. Moreover UB RESERVED provides reports and analysis, on reservation trends, usage behaviors and faculty needs. These findings enable administrators to make choices based on data improving resources distribution and strengthening the university event planning abilities. The implementation of UB-RESERVED: The proposed Smart Reservation System for Event Facilities at the University of Batangas, is expected to extend several benefits to some significant entities in the University. Each of these beneficiaries will experience significant improvements in how they manage,utilize, and interact with campus events facilities: For Administrators: Managers will also obtain relevant information through the proposed analytical tools that would help them to allocate available resources and ensure efficient usage of the facilities. This added efficiency will enhance organization and cut down on miscommunications and time-wasting, while guaranteeing that event spaces are optimally utilized. For MAGS Office: As for the critiques, the MAGS Office, which is in charge of event management and scheduling, will benefit greatly from improved scheduling functionality of UB-RESERVED. The system will be helpful when it comes to planning of varieties and the events will in turn be in harmony and well planned than before. For Maintenance Office: The organization’s Maintenance Office will also find the system useful since it will help to schedule the maintenance in such a manner that it will not overburden the field resources. This helps to ensure that all the facilities will be ready to accommodate the events to be held, hence improving the quality and reliability of the campus facilities for events. For Faculty Members: Lecturers will benefit from this system by being able to reserve spaces for lectures, seminarians, or any other academic activity. This will increase their work capacity to create and execute efficient plans for educational events, adding to the productivity of learning institutions. For Students: Through the UB-RESERVED, students will also be able to access book facilities for their events and activities in an easy and convenient way. This system enriches their campus experience since they have a platform that is easy to use and effective in coordinating and supporting activities. University of Batangas: The entire University of Batangas will benefit from the overall increase in efficiency, effective management of the resource, and the better way to plan for the events through UB-RESERVED. Promoting this concept will ultimately create a more vibrant and diverse university environment that enhances the management and coordination of the events to the advantage of the entire university. Objectives: 1. Analyze the current reservation system for event facilities at the University of Batangas to identify inefficiencies and areas for improvement. 2. Develop a smart, automated reservation system that streamlines the booking process for university even facilities, enhancing user experience and operational efficiency. 3. To propose and enhance prototype for system development. Scope and Limitation The focus of this project is to manage an integrated reservation system that can support the employees in managing venue reservations for academic and extracurricular activities. The system will act as a real-time booking with a comprehensive dashboard that offers tools for analyzing usage patterns and generating reports. The system is accessible by students, departments/faculties, and Staff/employees and will be administered by MAGS for booking various university venues such as gymnasiums, auditoriums, and other open areas. It will include features such as real-time booking, conflict detections, cancellation options, real-time notifications through email. Another feature is making this project a smart booking system. Smart booking system is another feature for this project that uses analytics and machine learning to optimize the reserving process by means of predicting peak usage instances, suggesting opportunity slots to avoid conflicts, and providing suggestions based on historic data and user preferences. The smart booking system enhances user experience with the aid of reducing the chance of double booking and maximizing the efficient use of university venues. However, it has given that the system will face numerous boundaries that need to be addressed. That includes the dependency on consistent internet connectivity, integration challenges with existing systems. Along with a limited support capacity and real-time synchronization challenges and such difficulties means that any disruptions in internet service can lead to delays and frustrations. Moreover, integration challenges with several demanding situations such as student information systems and email servers, and the possibility of receiving booking conflicts might complicate the operation of the system.  Another major concern is the limited support capacity wherein an immediate provision of technical support and innovation to all customers may not always be feasible, and may also affect the user satisfaction and the resolution of issues. Additionally, customization constraints may limit the system’s ability to meet the unique desires of college departments without significant development work. The compliance with data protection regulations and maintaining data security will require continuous monitoring and enhancement of security measures, resulting to an ongoing challenges. Chapter 2 Review of Related Literature This chapter provides an overview of the most recently researched material. Those provided in this chapter aid in familiarizing the reader with knowledge that is pertinent and similar to the current study. Database A database is a structured collection of data that is organized in a way that enables efficient storage, retrieval, and management of information. In the context of creating a website for a smart reservation system, databases play a crucial role in storing and accessing data related to travel information, user profiles, itinerary details, and advertising tracking. By utilizing databases, developers can store rules defining trip criteria, market information, and user interactions, facilitating the seamless functioning of the reservation system. Databases also support the creation of related facility databases based on departed and arrival facility information, enhancing the system’s ability to track travel histories and user preferences. Furthermore, constructing databases with individual-associated data bits comprising identified individuals information. When designing a database for a reservation system, key considerations include utilizing modern technologies like computer science and GIS for efficient data processing, implementing reservation processing and transaction modules along with pre-allocated tables of fixed length records for managing reservation requests, evaluating system performance using reserved call establishment modes and traffic models for effective capacity management, automating database creation and maintenance processes through software tools like the Resource System Package for ease of database design and manipulation, and incorporating a temporal model in the database to observe changes in data over time, especially in systems like hotel reservations for storing past, current, and future values of processed data. These considerations ensure the database's functionality, efficiency, and adaptability to meet the demands of a reservation system effectively. Database technology has a rich history of nearly 60 years, evolving from simple file storage to a comprehensive discipline focused on data modeling and database management system (DBMS). In recent years, the development of historical databases has accelerated, which makes it possible to reconstruct the life course of large population groups and significantly expands research opportunities in various disciplines, such as history, demography, sociology and economics. Introduced by Peter Chen in 1976, the entity-relational model revolutionized database design by providing a conceptual scheme for communication. These databases not only store structured data, but also aim to reconstruct visual images and social portraits, as a study focusing on students in educational institutions in the 1940s and 50s used detailed descriptions of postures, gestures and clothing to create a comprehensive database.The continuous development of database technology reflects the continuous improvement resulting from the development of Internet+, big data, artificial intelligence and data mining technologies. In 2012, Google Research published the Spanner paper, which introduced Google Cloud Spanner, a database that was designed to distribute data at global scale and support consistent transactions. There will be an increase and demand for database that can handle big proportion and remote transactions as more and more IT departments adopt a cloud centric mentality (Kelly, 2022). Prototyping Prototyping is a goal-oriented, decision-making exploration and learning activity that is crucial for innovative design. It helps teams make sense of new knowledge and create new solutions out of open-ended problems. Prototypes typically have explorative or validating purposes, which can be used to understand the problem and its context, as well as create possible solutions. In digital innovation, this dichotomy also relates to accounting for untapped opportunities in asynchronous development. Prototypes are typically physical visualizations or abstract concepts, and they are embodiments or representations created by development teams for specific purposes such as evaluation, communication, and testing. The balance between the resource spent and the knowledge gained is essential for a prototype, as the purposes must align with the effort. The creation of primitive forms of envisioned ideas may be natural for designers but should be aligned with other design principles, such as setting goals or learning. ( Kleinsmann and ten Bhomer et al. 2020 )  Prototypes are tangible representations of abstract ideas used in design research to transform vague concepts into concrete forms for analysis and evaluation. They are action-oriented, aiming to create a tangible product and move people from talking to active creating and design doing. Prototypes are typically built in iterative processes, with lessons learned from one iteration informing the next version. The design question for prototyping is always: what can be learned from this model? Prototyping can be done with minimal investment of money or resources and time, and its main strength lies in its generative nature, allowing for extensive learning from all participants. ( E. Miller et al. 2024 ) Prototypes were developed quickly for clients, who then assisted in the design process by testing iterations. The final model was created when both the client and developer were satisfied. The construction phase transformed the prototypes into a working model, involving unit, integration, and system testing to meet client expectations. The cutover phase, the final phase of the RAD methodology, involved data conversion, testing, and system changeover, as well as end user training to prepare users for the system's launch. This ensures the system meets client expectations and objectives. Website Design Website design significantly influences online purchasing decisions. Good design enhances user experience, navigation, and overall attractiveness, increasing comfort and purchasing intentions. User-friendly visual and navigation aspects contribute to purchasing decisions, while poor design can reduce perceived quality and trustworthiness. Companies should focus on developing intuitive and attractive designs to attract more consumers. Critical and informative reviews can strengthen relationships between consumers and brands, increasing purchase intentions. Positive reviews from fellow users tend to have greater trust in the product, while negative reviews can be used as feedback to improve product quality. Companies should actively monitor reviews and use the information for continuous improvement. Responsive and aesthetically appealing website design can increase user interaction, satisfaction, and encourage purchasing decisions. Visual aesthetics, such as a clean layout and high-quality images, and easy navigation ensure users can find information easily. Investing in responsive and aesthetic website design is an effective strategy to increase online sales. The combination of positive E-WOM and good website design creates a strong synergy, making consumers more likely to make a purchase. Positive reviews on well-designed websites tend to have higher purchase intent compared to those on less attractive designs. The interaction between E-WOM and website design can strengthen consumer trust in brands, requiring companies to integrate E-WOM strategies with optimal website design to maximize the positive impact on purchasing decisions. ( SOLIKHAH et al., 2022 ) Website Design Quality (WDF-EC) is crucial for e-commerce businesses as it serves as the exclusive mediator for all interactions between the seller and the consumer. The quality of website design significantly impacts users' assessments of the extent to which website features cater to their demands, reflecting the comprehensive online experience offered by the website. Assessing website design quality involves evaluating website navigation, visual appeal, and aesthetics. Functional benefits, also known as utilitarian benefits, refer to the practical and technical advantages customers experience when using a specific product or service while shopping. The primary driving force behind online shopping is primarily rooted in utilitarian purpose. A comprehensive list of nine utilitarian motives derived from a sample of online users includes information quality, customization, aesthetic quality, and price attributes. Previous studies have employed various measures of website design quality, emphasizing that website design dimensions impact the functional perspectives in e-commerce shopping. However, no clear evidence regarding functional benefits exists. Previous research has employed various measures of website design quality, emphasizing that website design quality provided by web-based businesses must be addressed primarily to enhance customer satisfaction and satisfaction. ( Krithika P, et al., 2024 ). There are various types of website design options for companies to cater to their specific needs. A single page design displays all company information on a single webpage, making it versatile and easy to navigate. Static websites have minimal user interaction and are typically stable across all platforms. Dynamic websites allow for user interaction, making them more interactive. Responsive websites adjust their layout and information presentation based on the user's device size, while liquid website designs function similarly but do not change the layout based on screen size. Fixed website designs, on the other hand, remain consistent regardless of the screen size, using strict resolution to create a specific layout that remains consistent across all devices. These website designs can be used by companies selling products or showcasing their history. (Indeed Editorial Team, 2023) User Interface (UI) and User Experience (UX) Each category of data has its own sensitivity level and related risk, wich organizations need to take into consideration in order to make all their employees consider security as self-evident and reduce damage in case of breaches. It is also shown that obligatons and privacy concerns vary from one type of data to another. This mieans that decisions of data collection have to be made in compliance with the methods used for security. It is crucial for the organizations to strategize their data security in a way that mirrors the way business operates. (Stiehl, M., 2020)  By adopting these measures, financial organizations can uphold the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of sensitive data processes at the edge. This proactive approach not only addresses current security concerns but also establishes a foundation for trust and resilience in the evolving digital landscape of financial services. As edge computing continues to shape the industry, prioritizing robust security frameworks becomes increasingly imperative to safeguarding sensistive financial information and maintaining regulatory compliance. (Arunachalam, M. 2024) To date, the literature has studied the issue of the impact of safety and security on the development of the tourism sector quite extensively. Moreover, it has studied how safety and security is assessed by tourist.s However,, it was not examined whether the quality of the services used in accommodation facilities, and thus their competitiveness, was related to the number of security measures applied in them. The second argument for the added value of this work is to examine the level of security at the accommodation facilities and assess whether this corresponds to the number of stars awarded to such establishments. The third argument of novelty is the use of the Herfindahl-Hirscham (HHI) measure to assess the security level of the accommodation facilities. (Nagaj, R. 2020) Web application A web application based on the Java Agent Development Framework was used to implement a design system. Two scenarios involving 100 customers showed an increase in customers' willingness to recommend the recommended application. The rate of acceptable recommendation increased by 20% in the first scenario without interruptions, and by 30% in the second scenario with disruptions. The second scenario also showed real-time data communication, allowing for real-time data transmission. The application was converted into a web application for use on the Internet and demonstrated that it enhanced the pace at which customers received suggestions. The rate increased by 20% in the first scenario without disturbances and by 30% in the second scenario with disruptions, resulting in real-time data transmission enabled by the proposed technology. ( Hassanni Turkey a, et al. 2019 ). Web-based applications are designed for web browsers and rely on a web server for functionality and processing. These programmes are stored on a remote server and delivered through a web browser interface over the internet. Web apps have a client-server architecture consisting of server-side architecture, which deals with data processing and interaction between database instances, components, user interfaces, middleware systems, and servers. On the other hand, client-side architecture focuses on interface functionalities like drop-down boxes and buttons, which are loaded by the browser when a user clicks on a link (Sphinx solution 2023). According to Laura Angelica (2024), a web-based application is software that runs in a web browser and may be accessed from any platform with an internet connection. It is a superior version of a website, with an interactive user interface and customisable settings. Web-based apps only load once, so they do not update as you navigate to different pages. This means you can navigate to different pages without having to reload the webpage. Unlike mobile applications, web-based applications do not require installation, resulting in a more user-friendly interface. For example, you may access Facebook using your PC web browser or your mobile device. Overall, web-based applications offer a more seamless experience and are easier to use than mobile-based ones. Implications According to Kevin (2022), the implications portion of your paper contains a summary of your findings and a context for them. This context includes prior research as well as potential real-world applications of your results in whatever situation you think is appropriate. There is no "implication section" or guideline that dictates where this information should be presented in the discussion section because the order of content is dictated by how you organized your methods and results section, as well as how your findings confirmed or refuted your hypothesis. You just need to incorporate the possible ramifications of your findings into your discussion section in a sensible manner. The presentation of facts is critical to your conclusion. In the discussion section, begin with a brief explanation of your study and results, then address the theoretical, practical, ethical, social, and technical implications of your work. Finally, provide a specific proposal based on your findings. If you did not pay attention to the significance of your implications when writing your discussion section, now is your time to correct that before you finalize and submit your paper, allowing an editor and reviewers to assess the relevance of your work. Make sure you don't suddenly come up with practical ideas that appear to be pulled out of thin air because someone told you to "add some implications" at the last minute. If you don't know where to begin, go back to your introduction section, review your justification and research questions, examine how your results addressed those questions, and consider who else may benefit from knowing what you know now. The implications of study findings are those that researchers, or certain subgroups or communities, draw from them. They can have far-reaching ramifications for future research, such as improving the precision, efficiency, or cost-effectiveness of remote-controlled robots or allowing more researchers to examine specific problems or explore new research avenues. These implications might be theoretical or practical, with the latter referring to the study's potential relevance in terms of real-world results. For example, clinical research or classroom learning research frequently has practical consequences, such as how teachers might implement the new teaching approach based on the findings.  Theoretical implications in research are contributions to current ideas or the development of new theories, which characterize research's power to impact society. These implications are an informed assessment regarding the likely consequences. Actions do not have to be as absolute as practical repercussions. If research validates a tested theory, the theoretical consequence is that the theory can explain the observed phenomena, or it may serve as a foundation for altering the theory. Theories may sometimes be partially supported, necessitating additional investigation or adjustments (Dhanya Alex, 2023). The implications of a research study should be thoroughly explored, taking into account their relevance to policymakers, laypeople, and researchers. The study should also explore how the findings may contribute to a better society and draw conclusions from the present level of research on the topic. It is critical to be aware of the study's limitations and make fair assumptions based on the primary results. Practical implications refer to the study's possible influence on real-world issues, such as policy changes or treatment approaches. Theoretical implications include aligning the findings with past research and discovering new approaches to performing studies. However, theoretical consequences may not be immediately useful to policymakers or the general public. Therefore, it is critical to evaluate the restrictions and implications of a research study (Do Not Edit 2022). The study implications indicate how the findings may be significant for policy, practice, theory, and future research. Research implications are the conclusions you draw from your findings and explain how they may be relevant to policy, practice, or theory. However, the implications must be supported by data, the study's parameters clarified, and the limits considered to avoid overgeneralizing conclusions. For instance, if the focus of your study is on how a certain medication affects diabetic patients, the implications of your findings may show how or if giving the medication helps the patients, as well as offer future recommendations for drug regulation. (Editage Insights 2019) Online Booking System Event management and event organization are more of a manual-based work and require a more automated system to produce more efficient and reliable reservations. This research aims to improve the event organization and management by promoting people to find, book a venue, and track the budget expenses through a web-based platform, Even-Venues Booking and Management System, by implementing cloud computing. (JosephNg, Al-Sofi, Phan, Lim, Lai, 2022) Bookazor is an appointment booking and scheduling web-based application which is used for booking appointments in the streams of parlor, hospitals,, and architects within a defined geographic area. It provides functionalities like analytics, database, messaging, and crash reporting which helps in focusing the users. The system includes NodeJS for storing the number of requests, each of which specifies a sequence of regions to be visited by a particular user. A scheduler periodically updates the routes e.g. by means of a simulated annealing process, to generate a new set of appointments and prevents duplication. (Akshay, Kumar, Alagappan, Gnananvel, 2019) The seamless integration of heterogeneous data networks into the Internet and the invention of the World Wide Web as a distributed multimedia application platform led to the development of comfortable Internet booking engines. They enabled easy-to-use browser-based online booking as a self-service for customers and new forms of B2C travel distribution.(Goecke, 2020) An online booking is a software solution and reservation system that makes it simple for guests to book and pay for your tours and activities online. Some of these systems also include reporting software for tour operators and other user-friendly tools that help you improve efficiencies and boost bookings. Some online booking systems also let users integrate with other tools and software providers use an API or plugin to automate marketing, digital waivers, bookkeeping, and a whole range of other processes. The right online booking system can help significantly cut down the workload and improve general time management. (Tjoe, 2022). Review of Related Studies In this section, readers will gain confidence in the overall excellence of the study and conclusions by testing their understanding of the topic matter being explored. The related studies that have been published are included here to provide a clear picture of the level of knowledge on the subject. FOREIGN Research on the Construction of Function Model of Smart Sports Venues Baochen zhang (2021)Department of Physical Education, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, China This study investigates the development plan of new smart sports venues using the field survey method and the semi-structured interview method to enhance the utilization rate and service quality of conventional sports facilities. Smart stadiums should include three functional modules: smart buildings, smart management, and smart services, which address the three core requirements of building equipment automation, digitization of daily management, and mass service intelligence. Based on this, this article seeks to create a functional structural model of smart stadiums that has considerable value and relevance for efficiently enhancing stadium utilization rates and service quality. Development of an Innovative Seat Reservation System for University Buildings Based on BIM Technology M.J. Garcia-Granja, E.B. Blazquez-Parra, Guido Cimadomo and F. Guzman-Navarro (2022) Although the use of building information modeling (BIM) for facility management has been widely proven, it has yet to be applied to university space management. It is unusual to be able to verify seat availability at public venues with free access, resulting in capacity issues. Furthermore, while various studies suggest that using BIM makes the graphic transmission of valuable information about buildings more appealing and intuitive for its users, there are still obstacles to making it accessible to the general public while taking into consideration their preferences. The goal of this research is to illustrate the benefits of incorporating BIM into a real-time seat occupancy management system to enable bookings personalized to the user's needs by delivering several types of consultation model information. The study technique relies on a utility model developed for a university library in Malaga, Spain. The results, based on survey data, demonstrate that users favorably appraised the quality of the information provided, were very interested in using it, and thought it was comparably superior to competing reservation systems. The results, discussion, and conclusions sections further demonstrate the system's ability to regulate social distance and energy consumption. Design And Implementation Of Database For Shared Facility Reservation System In School Jae Moon Lee, In Hwan Jung, Kitae Hwang (2022) School of Computer Engineering, Hansung University, Korea This is a study of the database design and implementation of a reservation system for modest shared facilities in schools. The reservation system's attributes change in the database and must be conveyed to the appropriate users in real time. The database was developed using ERM from the needs of the school's reservation system, and the database structure was derived using ERD, the ERM result. Specifically, it was done using Google's Firestore to alert associated users of database changes in real time. To promote quick search, users and facilities data were created and implemented as the root of the hierarchical Application and Implementation of MicroClassroom Reservation System in Universities Jundan Wang, Liang Mutang (2023) Zhaoqing University, GuangDong, China The advancement of science and technology has led to the widespread application of network technology, which has been incorporated into the micro-classroom reservation system to create a new Internet-based reservation system. The technology allows instructors to make online and mobile phone bookings at any time and from any location, making it more convenient for them. Furthermore, the teacher-centered system emphasizes the concept of humanization and warmth, which aid in the analysis and counting of classroom use as well as the rational arrangement of practical training classes for normal students, ultimately improving the efficiency and resource utilization of the microclassroom. We created a micro classroom reservation system to help instructors save time on reservations and improve the overall reservation experience.  The micro-classroom is the foundation of teaching skills training for regular university students. It is an essential location for teachers in the education experiment teaching center to enhance the practical teaching skills of ordinary university students. It is in charge of crucial activities such as experimental teaching and on-campus simulation instruction. With the growing demand for micro-classrooms in universities, there are several issues with the old method of reservation, such as the time-consuming process, inefficient operation, and untimely information, which cause significant annoyance to students and teachers. The design and development of a classroom reservation management system has become an important concern, with the goal of providing instructors with a consistent and easy operational interface that allows them to ask about and reserve micro-classrooms at any time and from any location. Simultaneously, the system may provide real-time monitoring and data on the utilization of micro-classrooms, helping schools better manage and use these resources (Wu Wenmin, 2018). This study will look at the necessary technologies and methodologies for the micro-classroom reservation system in universities from a design and development standpoint. The goal of research and practice in requirements analysis, system framework design, and functional module implementation is to improve the efficiency and convenience of reservation management for micro-classrooms in universities, as well as to create a better learning environment for students. Appoint Deportes: An Online Reservation System for Sports Facilities Josephine D. German, Sachi Liyah S. Bautista, Pia Alyssa R. Bonagua, Cedric Vincent L. Chan, Jesslene Emille L. Mallen, Fea Claire B. Plantilla (2024) Many organizations now rely on technology and information systems to be competitive in the industrial sector. Businesses use automation, or digitalization, of their operations to deliver more efficient and dependable services to customers. This project focused on developing an online reservation system for sports businesses, which currently employ the traditional manual reservation approach. Despite its expanding income, the Philippines currently lacks a reliable and easily accessible platform for reserving sporting venues. Most owners of these sporting facilities continue to use the old way of reserving such venues, which has been shown to be time-consuming, expensive, and unproductive. The research offered an online system named "Appoint Deportes," a web-based tool that allows users to seek sporting venues online and deal with leisure or training events. When organizing leisure or training events, consult with the establishment's proprietors. It is a unique application that allows users to simply reserve or schedule an appointment at a certain sports facility and view its availability in real-time. A systems flowchart and a data flow diagram were built to show how the proposed system's actions and information flow. Interviews with various people who have expertise in designing an online application were also done to establish the criteria for creating the programme's user interface. Using these tools and methodologies, the research was able to solve the flaws that existed in the previous reservation system, resulting in the development of a more dependable and accurate online reservation system that can assist people, organizations, and sports facility owners. The online reservation system allows for rapid and paperless transactions, which are both economically and ecologically effective. It reduces costs by reducing the need for manual entry and processing, resulting in reduced pricing for customers and more profits for enterprises. LOCAL A--VENUE’: ONLINE VENUE RESERVATION SYSTEM FOR RECOGNIZED STUDENT ORGANIZATIONS OF ADAMSON UNIVERSITY Reuben John A. Banogon Ronalyn T. Battad Nikka Alyssa B. Guevarra Rankin C. Lapeña Leonard L. Alejandro (2019) The student body of Adamson University is diversified, with people participating in extracurricular and academic activities that are related to their fields of study. There are three categories of student organizations at the university: academic, socio-civic, and religious. These organizations, known as recognised student organizations (RSOs), are overseen by the Office for Student Affairs (OSA). This office coordinates all organized events with the Physical Facilities and General Services Office (PFGSO) for venue reservations and permission. Currently, the aforementioned offices process events using the conventional pen and paper approach. The primary purpose of this project is to design an online venue reservation system that may be used to manage and analyze event data and help eliminate difficulties faced, such as data redundancy and data loss. There is also excessive usage of paper. The study employed qualitative research, with qualified respondents from OSA, PFGSO, and RSOs selected using purposive sampling. This online application enables many users to request, monitor, accept, or deny a venue reservation request, as well as produce reports as needed. The target respondents rated the website based on the ISO 25010 Software Quality Model. According to the survey, the produced system received a "Good" rating for functionality appropriateness, performance efficiency, compatibility, usability, dependability, security, maintainability, and portability. The website's compatibility rating was "fair.". Furthermore, respondents rated the website as "highly feasible" in terms of technological, operational, economic, and environmental factors. eReserba Cardinal: An Integrated Room Reservation System for Higher Education Institutions Paz Clariz A. Barzaga, Josephine D. German, Guiller O. Binoya, Samantha Dominique C. Bucao, Samantha Cyrine R. Ibe, and Dave Cullen G. Yap (2020) School of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management Mapua University, Manila, Philippines The majority of organizations nowadays must use integrated information systems due to technological advancements. The adoption of such a system has been shown to enhance several sorts of processes by reducing delays and mistakes. This research was done to improve the scheduling of hotel bookings at a higher education institution in the Philippines, which was discovered to be extremely manual, time-consuming, and laborious. Different units were in charge of managing various rooms, and their office locations were spread out over campus, necessitating a lot of travel. Similarly, delays were observed owing to difficulties with the availability of the relevant and permitted persons who will sanction the use of rooms. Through information system design, an online system called eReserba Cardinal was established to enhance ease of room administration and give real-time information and provide an easy method of hotel reservation for students, staff, and personnel. Web-Based Venue and Reservation Management System with Data Visualization Ira Angela Lapuz, Reena Riguera, Ana Sienna Sesbreno, Raphael Miguel Torres, and Geanne Ross Franco (2021) College of Computer Studies, De La Salle University Businesses benefit greatly from using a web-based database management system (DBMS). One of the current issues that firms face is trouble managing data throughout the organization. The fundamental benefit of a web-based DBMS is that it allows enterprises to simplify their processes. Bazaar City is the largest retail complex east of Metro Manila and specializes in commercial space rentals, including shopping stalls for company owners, event spaces, and a paintball facility. On a daily basis, Bazaar City processes vast amounts of data through venue and event reservations, computes monthly and annual sales, and monitors business operations such as confirmed bookings, canceled reservations, and rental collection. Although the firm has an existing website, important commercial transactions are not featured on the website and are generally done manually, causing the corporation to have difficulties managing all of these services. The firm plans to grow sales and strengthen its marketing approach in order to attract more customers. With all of these issues, the researcher advised improving the existing website by including a venue and reservation management system via the deployment of a DBMS and data visualization to assist the organization in making future decisions based on existing data obtained from their daily transactions. For system development, the proponents employed the Rapid Application Development (RAD) approach and a three-tier architecture. The suggested study is currently continuing and being prepared for user acceptability testing. Quickip: Equipment Borrowing System for Laboratory Facilities Josephine D. German, Paz Clariz A. Barzaga, Samantha Dominique C. Bucao, and Samantha Cyrine R. Ibe (2021) School of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management Mapua University, Manila, Philippines The fast rise of the internet and its influence on organizational procedures has resulted in huge information system development throughout the years. This research examines the present reservation system for laboratory equipment and materials at a higher education institution (HEI) in the Philippines. The use of assessment tools such as the process flowchart and TIMWOODS chart demonstrates that the present reservation system includes a number of non-value-adding activities and is time-consuming. To address the shortcomings and issues of the current system, an online reservation system called Quickip was designed using a data flow diagram to illustrate the flow of the process. PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor Language for Structure and Structured Query Language (SQL) for Data Retrieval and Storage in the Database The system could be that students can use this form to request laboratory equipment and materials, and the approval process is overseen by the borrower's teacher or adviser, authorized laboratory professionals, and administrative officers. The system also provides inventory management for equipment and paperless transactions, which decrease waiting time, borrower travel or relocation, and real-time request progress. Technological development is inescapable since organizations compete to outgrow each other. Organizations frequently trigger one another, resulting in a technological race that drives technological growth (Wang and Qian, 2017). It implies that more individuals now have easy access to the internet, and communication lines have improved. It has given kids a fantastic sense of educational empowerment through the school automation process. Internet education usage is now manifest in an automated system that is employed in a number of ways to enhance productivity (Ossai-Ugbah, 2010). An information system (IS) is a system that handles not only a set of information but also the way people work, function, and follow their routines (Democ et al., 2015). Information is regarded as one of the keys to economic resources, as IS development is an ongoing process that takes into account new versions of software, hardware, and technology. Utilization of Financial Resources and Development of School Facilities and Services for Students and Teachers of Esperanza National High School Karlyn B. Rico, MAT (2021) Esperanza National High School, Poblacion, Esperanza, Sultan Kudarat, Region XII, Philippines  This study, which is a descriptive correlational study, aimed to ascertain how the use of financial resources affected the advancement of educational facilities and services for both instructors and students. Respondents to this survey included teachers, Supreme Student Council (SSG) officers, class mayors, student athletes, Parent-Teacher Association (PTA) officers, a disbursing officer, a bookkeeper, and a supply officer. They provided trustworthy information about the use of financial resources. The findings demonstrated that Maintenance and Other Operating Expenses (MOOE), Special Education Fund (SEF), and other financial resources were properly implemented, and the improvements made to school buildings and services for students and instructors were extremely good. Effective use of MOOE boosted respondents' favourable impressions of the welfare and growth of school facilities. Services for students and instructors about academic attainment and other school performance metrics. Thus, MOOE and SEF should be allocated in accordance with the authorised budget, with teachers, PTA officers, and School Governing Council (SGC) members participating in the budget hearing. To minimise cash diversion, school administrators should include all instructors and stakeholders in budget development and execution, as well as adhere to budget requirements. Technical Background This chapter contains the technicalities that are about to be used in the project and the details of technology for the reservation system that will ensure to meet the specific needs of the said client. Hardware Requirements PC HARDWARE DESCRIPTION Intel Core i5-13400 (6 Performance - CPU cores and Efficient cores), 16 threads and above RAM 16GB DDR4 (3200MHz+) ROM 512 GB NVMe M.2 SSD Motherboard B660 Chipset Motherboard Power Supply (PSU) 650W 80+ Minimum Requirements to be used by the users using Mobile Devices Mobile Device Android or IOS RAM 8GB and above Internal Storage 128GB and above Network 4G System Android 11 and above iOS 16 and above This chapter indicates the hardware specifications for the requirement of the venue reservation system across different devices to ensure a good performance. The system for personal computers requires an Intel Core i5-13400 (6 Performance - cores and Efficient cores), 16 threads and above, 16GB DDR4 (3200MHz+) RAM, and a 512 GB NVMe M.2 SSD. Mobile devices are required to have 8GB RAM, with the internal storage of 128GB or above, with the network 4G, and the requirement of an android system is around Android 12 and above while the system of iOS of iOS 16 and above. Software Requirements  PERSONAL COMPUTER SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION Windows version OS Windows 11 Browsers Microsoft Edge Google Chrome ANDROID & iOS Android version 11 and above OS iOS version 16 and above Google Chrome (Android and iOS) Browsers Safari (iOS) This chapter indicates the software specifications that are required for the venue reservation system for different devices. For Personal Computers, the system requires the version of the Windows version, Windows 11 and with the browsers that the PC will be using are Microsoft Edge, and Google Chrome. For Android and iOS, the version will be required are Android version 11 and above, and iOS version 16 and above. Google Chrome and Safari are the browsers that the mobile devices will be using for the reservation system. Google Chrome Browser Chrome has been majority used due its features with a user-friendly, startup times, and robust security measures with automatic updates and self protection. It supports a wide range of extensions, websites, and applications to enhance the functionality, render and developer tools for both engines (rendering engine and V8 Javascript) to ensure fast execution of any website applications. (Barney, 2023) Google Chrome is a fast, easy to use, and secure web browser that was developed by Google. It is designed for all devices and operating systems. It was first released in 2008, and has been announced as one of the most widely used browsers globally due to its speed, and its efficiency. (Hosch, 2024) Canva Canva is an open-multimedia platform that provides different designs to create social media, presentations, promotional merchandise, websites, and more of it. Its first launch was in Australia in 2013, and the founders were Melanie Perkins, Cameron Adams, and Cliff Obrecht.(Global, 2023) Canva has been one of the most useful website applications towards graphic designing for different types of platforms. With its user-friendly interface, Canva offers various advanced features and capabilities for beginners to familiarize themselves and become one of the experienced users in Canva. It is accessible to both Website and Mobile applications allowing users to design even when personal computers and laptops are not being used as of the moment. (Team, 2024) Figma Figma allows access to design files from any device to ensure its flexibility and convenience for the user. Figma is not only used for creating UI/UX and prototypes but it also facilitates developer handoff by providing CSS, iOS, and Android code snippets, if the user wants that design and can be implemented accurately. It provides a set of educational resources, tutorials, documentation, and a community forum to help users learn and troubleshoot. (Twarog, 2021) Figma is the leading collaborative design tool for UI/UX designing and prototyping websites, mobile applications, and other digital products with its user-friendly and various feature set. It offers more flexibility when it comes to vector manipulation since figma uses vector networks, it allows users to connect multiple processes to a single canvas. Figma has its means to be part of the most used in creating and designing prototypes and brings a new level of teamwork to design and facilitate their project. With cloud-based.(Team, 2024) LucidChart Its purpose was to enhance the team's collaboration skills while building structures from idea to reality. It is the intelligent diagramming application that empowers teams to clarify complexity, alight their insights, and build the goal. Since it’s cloud-based, Lucidchart can be worked from any device which makes it easy to collaborate. It also offers enterprise-grade security through many types of integrations, and domain lockdown to ensure the data remains secured. (Lucid, n.d) Lucidchart is a visual communication and cross-platform collaboration tool for charts, drawing, diagrams, systems, and organizational structures. The co-founders of Lucidchart were Ben Dilts and Karl Sun and Lucidchart was launched in 2010. (Lucidchart, 2024). Draw.IO Its purpose was to be an interface that can be used to create diagrams such as flowcharts, wireframes, organization charts, and more. The software is versatile and has been used across several industries for visualizing the processes of the system. It is supported by the Cloud Integration, wherein it can synchronize diagrams with the cloud storage such as Google Drive, OneDrive, Dropbox to ensure easy access when the project is being exported and customized. (Sebastien, 2019) Draw.IO, also known as diagrams.net, is a cross platform graph drawing software that was programmed by Javascript and HTML5 and it was developed by JGraph Ltd. (Khorton, 2024) Chapter 3 Methodology RESEARCH METHODOLOGY According to Dawson (2019),a research methodology is the primary principle that will guide your research. It becomes the general approach in conducting research on your topic and determines what research method you will use. A research methodology is different from a research method because research methods are the tools you use to gather your data. You must consider several issues when it comes to selecting the most appropriate methodology for your topic. Issues might include research limitations and ethical dilemmas that might impact the quality of your research. Descriptions of each type of methodology are included below. Essentially, the procedures by which researchers go about their work of describing, explaining and predicting phenomena are called research methodology. It is also defined as the study of methods by which knowledge is gained. Its aim is to give a work plan for research. (Das,2023) Research Design This study used descriptive research design in order to address inefficiencies in the booking process and in the current manuscript system role. This system is designed to simplify reserves for academic and extracurricular resources, reducing issues such as system conflicts and misuse of resources. Analysis aims to identify pain points, analyze current systems, plan and develop a user-friendly system, testing its effectiveness, including identifying potential imitations for future improvements. The main goal of this research is multifaceted. It takes a comprehensive review of current manual storage systems to identify key pain points and inefficiencies. This step is necessary to understand the specific areas where improvement is needed. The project focuses on the design and development of user-friendly integrated placements that meet the needs of a variety of stakeholders, including students, faculty, and administrative caregivers including on the job. Additionally, the study includes a rigorous evaluation to evaluate the effectiveness of the newly implemented policies. This will include the collection and analysis of data on user satisfaction, booking efficiency and resource consumption before and after implementation of the system. The objective is to determine whether the UB-RESERVED system significantly improves the booking process or meets the user’s expectations.  The study aims to identify potential limitations and areas for future improvement. This includes identifying any challenges encountered when implementing the system, such as technical issues, customization problems, or unexpected performance limitations. If these limitations are met, providing valuable insights for the continuous and scalable development of the system. Through its comprehensive approach the UB-RESERVED project aspires to establish an efficient and user-centric system that will greatly benefit the University of Batangas community. Research Process The study is a systematic and organized approach to collect information and data for a specific purpose. It is based on the scientific method that use an organized structure to formulate questions and determine answers in a research project. The research consists of several stages,such as planning,data collection, analysis, and reporting,that are interdependent and follow a logical order. The research is often outlined in research proposal that describes the commitment and plan of the researcher. Singh (2021) research procedure involves a number of operations or activities which need to be followed for carrying out research while formulating the research question, carrying out a comprehensive review of the literature, development of hypothesis, preparing the research framework, identifying the sampling technique, data collection, implementation of the project, data analysis, hypothesis testing, data generalization and interpretation, and writing of the report or presentation of the findings. The research enhances scientific and Inductive thinking apart from developing logical habits of thinking and organization. As Clifford woody in his research, research entails the process of defining and redefining the problems, formulating hypothesis or suggested solutions, gaining, compiling, and evaluating data, drawing inferences, and arriving at conclusions; to find out whether or not they fit the formulating hypothesis.  Knowing what are the important process and organizing it efficiently is a crucial part of conducting a study. These techniques include library research,internet research and Focus group discussions. With the use of these various techniques, the researches will be able to get the right information to be able to accomplish the objectives of the study. Library Research According to Michelle Kowalsky (2019), the library research initiatives that used them. Reactions to this district-wide library campaign led to students' favorable ratings of these components of their school libraries in nearly equal measure; in other words, they value more than just the opportunity to access the internet. Students from this underrepresented community said that their class research assignments went better, that they were able to locate more information in books and online thanks to upgraded library computers, and that they discovered intriguing new resources to read. Students, teachers, and parents all reported feeling more motivated and effective in library research after their school library was modernized and resources were promoted. Library research facilities are specialized organizations that store a large collection of academic research, peer-reviewed work, original source materials, and other works on a variety of themes. They are frequently associated with universities, but they can also be found independently. Reference interviews, literature reviews, and citation analysis are all approaches that research librarians might use to help you identify sources for your specific research topic. Libraries often house large collections of books, journals, conference papers, archive documents, and rare books. They also make excellent study rooms, providing access to computers, books, and other resources. Research libraries also allow you to network with researchers, assist them through fellowship programmes, and conduct workshops and seminars. Libraries frequently incorporate book displays and digital collections, allowing for convenient exploration from home.( LINDA HALL 2023) Internet Research Internet researchers are skilled in search engines and use advanced comprehension skills to gather data from various sources, including documents, scholarly sites, publications, videos, and white papers. They work from home or on-site to meet employer requirements and stay updated on computer software, techniques, and trends. Their analytical skills help verify and update web information, ensuring the credibility of the results. To improve their analytical skills, they can improve their mathematical skills, read more books, and practice note-taking. Internet researchers condense information to generate accurate data for businesses in areas such as marketing, learning, and education. Their analytical skills and curiosity enable them to understand complex topics. (indeed 2022) Internet research is the use of free information on the World Wide Web or Internet-based resources like discussion forums for research purposes. It has significantly impacted the formation of ideas and knowledge. Common applications include personal research, academic projects, and journalistic writing. Research involves actively gathering information for further understanding, including post-collection activities like reading and analysis. The Web allows for quick access to relevant pages and communication with experts, using tools like email, online discussion forums, and personal communication facilities. Internet research is distinct from library research, commercial database research, scientific research, and research about the Internet. Results may be affected by unrecognized bias, difficulties in verifying writer credentials, and the searcher's skill to draw meaningful results from the abundance of material. Popularity is often used in structuring Internet search results, but it may not always accurately represent the breadth of knowledge and opinion on a topic. Overall, internet research provides quick, immediate, and worldwide access to information, but it is important to consider potential biases and limitations in the research process. Focus Group Discussion On June 18, 2024, the researchers performed an on-site interview with Maam Marie Ann and, a Head of MAGS Office. The researchers prepared a questionnaire to discuss with Ma’am Mhalen during the meeting. She answered all the questions with all the information that the MAGS inline with the questionnaire given to them. They answered all the questions with all the information about the UB Reservation that was in line with the questionnaire that was given to them. They state that the organization lacked an automated reservation system for the University of Batangas. Maam Marie and Maam Mhalen mention the difficulty of manual reservations and that some facilities are not available during the time that they reserve, and the reason for that is that there is an urgent event in which they need the facility in the requested book. That's one of the difficulties that they encounter, and there are too many to mention. Focus Group Discussion or also known as FGD, is a qualitative research method which is well-known besides the interview method. FGD is used to discuss a particular problem but in an informal and relaxed atmosphere. It is a method widely used as a way to collect social research data, it also has advantages in collecting qualitative data. This method is well-liked because it provides convenience and opportunities for researchers to build trust,openness, and understand perceptions. The purpose of a FGD is to equalize every perception, issue,topic, or interest in the field of work. It will develop new agreements and understandings related to the issues being discussed. There will be many problems and understanding related to the issues being discussed. There will be many problems that the candidates must encounter in their field of work. With the help of a FGD, each participant will be able to face these problems and the company can see the overview of the potential of the candidates. (Sampoerna University, 2022). Research Method The researchers used Rapid prototyping in the study. Rapid prototyping is an agile method used throughout the product development process. It generates multiple iterations in a short period of time. The creation of product simulations for testing and validation during the product development process is based on user feedback and analysis (Product Plan, 2023). Rapid prototyping is a quick design process that includes the concept, prototype, and testing of a real object, model, or building using 3D computer-aided design (CAD). Typically, the creation of a component, model, or assembly is achieved using additive manufacturing, often known as 3D printing. The method of layering material to produce 3D objects is referred to as additive manufacturing. Rapid Prototyping is here offering accuracy and efficiency at a lower cost. In the process of using the computer-aided manufacturing technique, many human beings are not needed, thus it is cheap in manufacturing prototype goods. Due to its affordability it is able to be flexible to any hurdles and minimize the risk of making expensive errors, especially at the manufacturing level. Rapid prototyping is a more accurate strategy as it incorporates the use of CAD to minimize the amount of material that is used in the development of the prototype of each particular product as well as on the need for equipment for the development of such prototypes (Zero Hour Parts, 2020). This process involves a team going through all phases of the rapid prototyping development cycle of Prototype-Review-Refine-Iterate and Deliver. Phase 1: Prototyping In this phase, the researcher stated by discussing the potential capstone project topics and a result that they constructed a SMART RESERVATION SYSTEM OF EVENT FACILITIES AT THE UNIVERSITY OF BATANGAS. The researchers named it UB-RESERVED. The study was intended to provide a solution or to improve the requestor experience in booking the facility venue. and it also helps the manual reservation to make it more useful and helpful to request. The researchers know what needs to be done to bring the study ahead. They identified the proposed site design and began investigating to gather information for the study's advancement. The researchers began the fact-finding process, which included brainstorming, data collection using various learning reference sources such as libraries, and internet research.  The researchers will use prototyping instruments and other necessary technologies to design and create a prototype for the proposed website. The investigation will result in an easy-to-use design. The website will contain elements that will let people sign up and book with UB-RESERVED. Figma is used for general prototyping, Adobe Express for picture editing, Canva for application logo and icon layout design, and Draw.io for image, illustration, and model creation. The researchers began designing and constructing the prototype based on the insights collected from their research. Phase 2: Review The researcher will have a consultation with the research adviser about the documentation and prototype to look at and discuss the output of the research and ideas that will be presented to the researchers. Every suggestion and comment given by the adviser will be taken as a valuable contribution to enhance the documentation and prototype. Phase 3: Refine and Iterate This phase allows the researchers to recognise problems and areas for improvement, allowing them to implement the required improvements. The list of improvements will help refine the study. The researchers will examine their progress towards completing the study. They examine potential solutions to problems from previous versions and analyze feedback. Phase 4: Deliver In this phase the deliberation of the project involves the client which is the MAGS Office of The University Of Batangas. A formal letter will be sent to them before the project presentation and will set an appointment with the client to present the project and explain its details. Also, they will show the execution of the system and to discuss the other technicalities and future possible updates. The client can give feedback and recommendations about the design of the system. Figure 1 Flow of Rapid Prototyping  Figure 2: IPO (Input, Process and Output) Conceptual Framework The diagram represents the flow of the UB-RESERVED using the IPO (Input, Process, Output) model. The input process includes user/admin login wherein users log in their account before reserving a venue/facilities, as per for the administration, administrators use their login accounts to access the system and manage reservations of the users. It also includes the user’s reservation requests wherein users will provide their request information such as capacity of the participants, date, time, target venue, and its purpose of using a certain venue. The process stage shows the system’s process after the user’s input. The system checks if the requested venue information is available. It then processes the reservations by ensuring that there are no conflicts, storing reservation information, keeping records up to date, and handling cancellations, recommendations when there’s a conflict if necessary. Additionally, the admin reviews and approves booking requests to finalize reservations.