Heart Pericardium PDF

Heart Pericardium Fibrous pericardium: tough fibrous outer layer, prevents overdistention; acts as anchor. Serous pericardium: thin, transparent, inner layer, simple squamous epithelium. Parietal pericardium: lines the fibrous outer layer Visceral pericardium: covers heart surface The parietal peric...

Heart Pericardium Fibrous pericardium: tough fibrous outer layer, prevents overdistention; acts as anchor. Serous pericardium: thin, transparent, inner layer, simple squamous epithelium. Parietal pericardium: lines the fibrous outer layer Visceral pericardium: covers heart surface The parietal pericardium and visceral pericardium layers of the serous membrane are continuous and have a pericardial cavity between them filled with pericardial fluid Heart – morphology (how does it look): Anterior and posterior sides of the heart contain major vessels. The anterior side contains the aorta, pulmonary trunk and anterior interventricular sulcus The posterior side contains lots of smaller blood vessels and the atrial wall. The heart has three Sulci (grooves) The coronary sulcus separates the atria and the ventricles. The anterior interventricular sulcus demarcates the separation between the right ventricle and the left ventricle The posterior interventricular sulcus is the continuation of the anterior interventricular sulcus and separates the right ventricle and left ventricle on the posterior side of the heart. The sulci run the coronary circulation of the blood vessels that supply the heart. Pericardial & epicardial fat Pericardial fat is lies between visceral and parietal pericardium Epicardial fat lies between the outer layer of myocardium and the visceral layer of the pericardium (epicardium) Four chambers: The artia are the superior chambers. The artia are collecting chambers. The ventricles are the Inferior chambers. The ventricles are the discharging chambers. The atrial walls are thin and the ventricular walls are thick. The tissue of the heart wall is made of three layers: Epicardium: The epicardium is the outermost layer of the heart wall tissues. It is a serous membrane; simple squamous epithelium over areolar tissue, a smooth outer surface of the heart. The epicardium is also called the visceral pericardium. Myocardium: The myocardium is the middle layer of the heart wall tissue. It is the thickest, it is composed of cardiac muscle cells and can contract. Endocardium: The endocardium is the innermost layer of the heart wall tissue. It is the smooth inner surface of heart chambers, squamous epithelium over areolar tissue, covers valve surface &it is continuous with endothelium Heart anatomy: Interventricular septum is separation between two ventricles Inter atrial septum is the wall between the atria. Contains a depression, fossa ovalis which is a remnant of the fetal opening (foramen ovale) between the atria. Pectinate muscles are muscular ridges in auricles and atrial wall. Trabeculae carnae: muscular ridges and columns on inside walls of ventricles The l eft ventricle wall is much thicker than the right ventricle wall. The Right atrium- Heart Chambers: The right atrium is a thin-walled receiving chamber and most of the right atrium is on the posterior side of the heart. The right atrium contains auricles which are extensions are extensions to increase volume. The right atrium contains pectinate muscles for large force of contraction The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood returning from the body through three openings: the Superior vena cava, the inferior vena cava and the coronary sinus.