C_3.pdf

Solid Gasification Units Quiz Answers 1. What is the primary purpose of the water-gas shift reaction in oxy-fuel technologies? A. To convert CO to CO2 and H2 B. To convert CH4 to CO and H2 C. To convert H2O to H2 and CO2 D. To convert C to CO2 and H2 Answer: To convert CO to CO2 and H2 (A) The water...

Solid Gasification Units Quiz Answers 1. What is the primary purpose of the water-gas shift reaction in oxy-fuel technologies? A. To convert CO to CO2 and H2 B. To convert CH4 to CO and H2 C. To convert H2O to H2 and CO2 D. To convert C to CO2 and H2 Answer: To convert CO to CO2 and H2 (A) The water-gas shift reaction in oxy-fuel technologies primarily aims to convert CO to CO2 and H2. 2. Which process is common to Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) power plants? A. Liquid phase absorption B. Water-gas shift C. Membrane separations D. Steam reforming Answer: Water-gas shift (B) The water-gas shift process is common to Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) power plants. 3. What is the main feedstock for oxy-fuel technologies? A. Coal B. Natural gas C. Waste D. Biomass Answer: Coal (A) The main feedstock for oxy-fuel technologies includes coal, biomass, waste, and natural gas. 4. In the steam reforming process, what is the chemical equation for the conversion of CH4 to CO and H2? A. $CO + H2O \rightleftharpoons CO2 + H2$ B. $C + O2 \rightarrow CO2$ C. $CO2 + H2O \rightleftharpoons CO + H2O$ D. $CH4 + H2O \rightarrow CO + 3H2$ Answer: $CH4 + H2O \rightarrow CO + 3H2$ (D) In the steam reforming process, the chemical equation for the conversion of CH4 to CO and H2 is $CH4 + H2O \rightarrow CO + 3H2$. 5. What is the method used for the separation of H2 from the H2/CO2 mixture after the water-gas shift reaction? A. Liquid phase absorption B. Combustion C. Membrane separations D. Steam reforming Answer: Membrane separations (C) The separation of H2 from the predominantly H2/CO2 mixture after the water-gas shift reaction can be achieved by physical separation processes such as membrane separations. 6. What is the primary product of the water-gas shift reaction? A. H2O B. CO C. CO2 D. H2 Answer: CO2 (C) The primary product of the water-gas shift reaction is CO2. 7. What is the purpose of the air separation unit in an Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) power plant? A. To produce H2 for combustion B. To produce CO2 for combustion C. To produce N2 for combustion D. To produce O2 for combustion Answer: To produce O2 for combustion (D) The air separation unit in an Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) power plant is used to produce O2 for combustion. 8. What is the primary purpose of carbon capture in power generation? A. To increase CO2 emissions B. To capture H2 emissions C. To reduce CO2 emissions D. To capture N2 emissions Answer: To reduce CO2 emissions (C) The primary purpose of carbon capture in power generation is to reduce CO2 emissions. 9. What is the main purpose of the steam reforming process in natural gas recovery? A. To convert CH4 to CO and H2 B. To convert CO2 to CO and H2O C. To produce N2 for combustion D. To separate CO2 from H2 Answer: To convert CH4 to CO and H2 (A) The main purpose of the steam reforming process in natural gas recovery is to convert CH4 to CO and H2. 10. What is the end goal of the carbon capture process in the context of power generation? A. Water-gas shift B. Transport to long term storage C. Enhanced oil recovery D. Steam reforming Answer: Transport to long term storage (B) The end goal of the carbon capture process in the context of power generation is the transport of captured CO2 to long term storage. 11. What is the overall stoichiometry after the water-gas shift reaction when pure carbon is the component gasified? A. C(s) + H2O → CO + H2 B. C(s) + 2H2O → CO + 2H2 C. C(s) + 3H2O → CO2 + H2 D. C(s) + 2H2O → CO2 + 2H2 Answer: C(s) + 2H2O → CO2 + 2H2 (D) The overall stoichiometry after the water-gas shift reaction when pure carbon is the component gasified is given by the equation $C(s) + 2H2O → CO2 + 2H2$. 12. What is the composition of CO2 in the situation where pure carbon is gasified? A. 40% B. 25% C. 50% D. 33% Answer: 33% (D) The composition of CO2 in the situation where pure carbon is gasified is 33%. 13. What is the current capital cost difference between gasification of coal and conventional coal-fired generation? A. 10% B. 30% C. 40% D. 20% Answer: 30% (B) The current capital cost difference between gasification of coal and conventional coal-fired generation is 30%. 14. How many large scale plants worldwide are currently using gasification of coal? A. 7 B. 4 C. 2 D. 10 Answer: 4 (B) Only 4 large scale plants worldwide are currently using gasification of coal. 15. What is the maximum efficiency of fuel cells when employing Hydrogen from IGCC? A. 83% B. 75% C. 90% D. 80% Answer: 83% (A) The maximum efficiency of fuel cells when employing Hydrogen from IGCC is 83%. 16. What are the advantages of gasification? A. Lower Carnot efficiencies and production of high molecular weight synthetic fuels B. Higher Carnot efficiencies and production of low molecular weight synthetic fuels C. Higher cost and lower CO2 emissions D. Lower cost and higher CO2 emissions Answer: Higher Carnot efficiencies and production of low molecular weight synthetic fuels (B) The advantages of gasification include higher Carnot efficiencies and production of low molecular weight synthetic fuels. 17. What does the capture cost comparison indicate between absorption capture in post-combustion capture and precombustion capture involving IGCC? A. Essentially the same B. Not comparable C. Lower for precombustion capture D. Higher for precombustion capture Answer: Essentially the same (A) The capture cost comparison indicates that the capture costs are essentially the same for absorption capture in post-combustion capture and precombustion capture involving IGCC. 18. What primarily involves H2 recovery in carbon capture? A. Liquid phase CO2 absorption B. Physical absorption C. Reformer operation D. Membrane separations Answer: Liquid phase CO2 absorption (A) H2 recovery in carbon capture primarily involves liquid phase CO2 absorption. 19. What additional power demand arises in the reformer operation? A. High temperature B. Low temperature C. Low pressure D. High pressure Answer: High temperature (A) Additional power demand arises in the reformer operation due to high temperature. 20. What is the equation for the minimum power in the given context? A. See equation $Minimum Power = FT \Delta G = (28.2 / 15.3) = 1.84 GW$ B. See equation $Minimum Power = FT \Delta G = (28.2 * 15.3) = 431.46 GW$ C. See equation $Minimum Power = FT \Delta G = (28.2 + 15.3) = 43.5 GW$ D. See equation $Minimum Power = FT \Delta G = (28.2 - 15.3) = 12.9 GW$ Answer: See equation $Minimum Power = FT \Delta G = (28.2 + 15.3) = 43.5 GW$ (C) The equation for the minimum power in the given context is $Minimum Power = FT \Delta G = (28.2 + 15.3) = 43.5 GW$. 21. What are the advantages of fluidized bed gasification units compared to fixed or slow moving bed units? A. Rapid heat transfer, temperature control, and higher throughput B. Higher temperature gas output and low tar levels C. Low conversion efficiency and influence by back-mixing process D. Low throughput and high tar levels Answer: Rapid heat transfer, temperature control, and higher throughput (A) Fluidized bed units have advantages such as rapid heat transfer, temperature control, and higher throughput than fixed or slow moving beds. 22. What is the minimum gas velocity for fluidization obtained from? A. Ergun equation B. Transport Gasifiers C. Residence time distribution (RTD) D. Entrained Flow Gasifiers Answer: Ergun equation (A) The minimum gas velocity for fluidization is obtained from the Ergun equation. 23. What is the typical range for gasification temperature to ensure thermodynamic equilibrium and fast kinetics? A. 1200-1400K B. 1000-1100K C. 800-900K D. 1500-1600K Answer: 1200-1400K (A) The gasification temperature is typically maintained in the range of 1200-1400K to ensure thermodynamic equilibrium and fast kinetics. 24. What are the two types of solid gasification units mentioned in the text? A. Fluidized bed and fixed bed B. Entrained Flow Gasifiers and Transport Gasifiers C. Partially reacted particle and flaking ash D. Co-current moving bed and counter-current moving bed Answer: Co-current moving bed and counter-current moving bed (D) Two types of solid gasification units are co-current moving bed and counter-current moving bed. 25. What are the common disadvantages of fluidized bed gasification units mentioned in the text? A. Low conversion efficiency and influence by back-mixing process B. Advantages such as higher throughput than fixed or slow moving beds C. Rapid heat transfer and temperature control D. Low throughput and high tar levels Answer: Low conversion efficiency and influence by back-mixing process (A) Common disadvantages of fluidized bed gasification units include low conversion efficiency and influence by back-mixing process. 26. What determines the average conversion of the carbon-based feedstock in designing a solid phase gasification unit? A. Residence time distribution (RTD) B. Ergun equation C. Fluidization velocity D. Entrained Flow Gasifiers Answer: Residence time distribution (RTD) (A) Designing a solid phase gasification unit requires considering the average conversion of the carbon-based feedstock, largely determined by residence time distribution (RTD). 27. What are the new designs being developed to overcome traditional fluidized bed design drawbacks? A. Fluidized bed and fixed bed B. Ergun equation and Residence time distribution (RTD) C. Entrained Flow Gasifiers and Transport Gasifiers D. Co-current moving bed and counter-current moving bed Answer: Entrained Flow Gasifiers and Transport Gasifiers (C) New designs like Entrained Flow Gasifiers and Transport Gasifiers are being developed to overcome traditional fluidized bed design drawbacks. 28. What describes the behavior of reacting particles in the gasification process? A. Low throughput and high tar levels B. Rapid heat transfer and temperature control C. Minimum gas velocity for fluidization obtained from the Ergun equation D. Partially reacted particle and flaking ash or gaseous products causing shrinkage Answer: Partially reacted particle and flaking ash or gaseous products causing shrinkage (D) Two models describe the behavior of reacting particles: partially reacted particle and flaking ash or gaseous products causing shrinkage. 29. What type of gasification units are suitable for gasification of low-grade and higher grade solid fuels, as well as fuels forming highly corrosive ash? A. Entrained Flow Gasifiers B. Fluidized bed units C. Counter-current moving bed units D. Co-current moving bed units Answer: Fluidized bed units (B) Fluidized bed units are suitable for gasification of low-grade and higher grade solid fuels, as well as fuels forming highly corrosive ash. 30. What is the fluidization velocity? A. The velocity at which particles are converted into gas B. The velocity at which particles in the packed bed become 'fluidized' C. The velocity at which gas is introduced into the gasifier D. The velocity at which particles are removed from the gasifier Answer: The velocity at which particles in the packed bed become 'fluidized' (B) Fluidization velocity is the velocity at which particles in the packed bed become 'fluidized.'