BSD_Lesson 2.pdf

Building Systems Design CODES AND REGULATIONS LESSON 2 Engr. Ronald Dela Cruz  R.A. 1378 National “An Act To Regulate the Trade Of Master Plumber” or “Plumbing Law” Plumbing Code of the HISTORY Philippines The birth of the plumbing profession in...

Building Systems Design CODES AND REGULATIONS LESSON 2 Engr. Ronald Dela Cruz  R.A. 1378 National “An Act To Regulate the Trade Of Master Plumber” or “Plumbing Law” Plumbing Code of the HISTORY Philippines The birth of the plumbing profession in the Philippines is traced back to the 17th century. When Intramuros was established by the Spaniards as a model community. The Friar Engineers who built the government buildings, residential and other structures. incorporated European standards in their plumbing installations. History HISTORY Plumbing took a great leap at the turn of the 20th century with the arrival of the American soldiers, engineers, Thomasite teachers, doctors and evangelists. Health and hygiene became priority when epidemics including cholera, leprosy. schistosomiasis and other contagious diseases engulfed the Philippines. Master Plumber John F. Hass became the first Chief of the Division of Plumbing Construction and Inspection in the Philippines during 1902. History HISTORY In 1954, the Third Congress of the Republic of the Philippines in its Second Session, approved after the third reading House Bill No. 962. This became Republic Act No. l378. On June 18, 1955, R.A. 1378, otherwise known as the "PLUMBING LAW OF THE PHILIPPINES" was signed by President Ramon Magsaysay. Before Martial Law in 1972, Republic Act No. 6541 otherwise known as the “Building Code of the Philippines" was passed with the "National Plumbing Code of 1959" as referral code in full text. History BASIC PRINCIPLES Principle No. 1: All premises intended for human habitation, occupancy or use shall be provided with a supply of pure and wholesome water, neither connected with unsafe water supplies nor subject to hazards of backflow or back-siphonage. Principle No. 2: Plumbing fixtures, devices and appurtenances shall be supplied with water in sufficient volume and at pressure adequate to enable them to function satisfactorily and without undue noise under all normal conditions of use. Principle No.3: Plumbing shall be designed and adjusted to use the minimum quantity o f water consistent with proper performance and cleaning. BASIC PRINCIPLES Principle No. 4: Devices for heating and storing water shall be so designed and installed as to prevent dangers from explosion through overheating. Principle No. 5: Every building having plumbing fixtures installed and intended for human habitation, occupancy or use on premises abutting on a street, alley or easement where there is a public sewer, shall be connected to the sewer system. Principle No. 6: Each family dwelling unit on premises abutting on a sewer or with a private sewage-disposal system shall have at least one water closet and one kitchen- type sink. Further, a lavatory and bathtub or shower shall be installed to meet the basic requirements of sanitation and personal hygiene. BASIC PRINCIPLES Principle No.7: Plumbing fixtures shall be made of smooth non- absorbent material, free from concealed fouling surfaces and shall be located in ventilated enclosures. Principle No. 8: The drainage system shall be designed, constructed and maintained to safeguard against fouling, deposit of solids, clogging and with adequate clean outs so arranged that the pipes may be readily cleaned. Principle No. 9: All pipings of plumbing systems shall be of durable NAMPAP- APPROVED materials, free form defective workmanship, designed and constructed by Registered Master Plumbers to ensure satisfactory service. BASIC PRINCIPLES Principle No. 10: Each fixture directly connected to the drainage system shall be equipped with a water-sealed trap. Principle No. 11: The drainage piping system shall be designed to provide adequate circulation of air free from siphonage, aspiration or forcing of trap seals under ordinary use. Principle No. 12: Vent terminals shall extend to the outer air and installed to preempt clogging and the return offoul air to the building. Principle No. 13: Plumbing systems shall be subjected to such tests to effectively disclose all leaks and defects in the workmanship. BASIC PRINCIPLES Principle No. 14: No substance which will clog the pipes, produce explosive mixtures, destroy the pipes or their joints or interfere unduly with the sewage-disposal process shall be allowed to enter the building drainage system. Principle No. 15: Proper protection shall be provided to prevent contamination of food, water, sterile goods and similar materials by backflow of sewage. When necessary, the fixture, device or appliance shall be connected indirectly with the building drainage system. Principle No. 16: No water closet shall be located in a room or compartment which is not properly lighted and ventilated. BASIC PRINCIPLES Principle No. 17: If water closets or other plumbing fixtures are installed in buildings where there is no sewer within a reasonable distance, suitable provision shall be made for disposing of the building sewage by some accepted method of sewage treatment and disposal, such as a septic tank. Principle No. 18: Where a plumbing drainage system may be subject to backflow of sewage, suitable provision shall be made to prevent its overflow in the building. Principle No. 19: Plumbing systems shall be maintained in serviceable condition by Registered Master Plumbers. BASIC PRINCIPLES Principle No. 20: All plumbing fixtures shall be installed properly spaced, to be accessible for their intended use. Principle No. 21: Plumbing shall be installed by Registered Master Plumbers with due regard to the preservation of the strength of structural members and the prevention of damage to walls and other surfaces through fixture usage. Principle No. 22: Sewage or other waste from a plumbing system which may be deleterious to surface or sub-surface waters shall not be discharged into the ground or into any waterway, unless first rendered innocuous through subjection to some acceptable form oftreatment.  Permit Required To ensure compliance of the provisions of this Code, the professional services of a Registered and Licensed Master Plumber Administration shall be enlisted in accordance with Republic Act No. 1378, the "Plumbing Law". It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation, whether acting as principal, servant, agent or employee, to do or cause to be done any plumbing or drainage work for which a permit is required without securing prior permit from the Office of lhe Building Official  Application A Registered and Licensed Master Plumber Application for shall file an application at the Office of the Building Official in behalf of the building Permit Owner for whom such work shall be done and shall till out the forms provided for that purpose. Every application shall: Identify and describe the plumbing work to be covered by the permit for which an application is made.  Application Indicate the use or occupancy for which the proposed plumbing work is Application for intended. Be accompanied by plans, drawings, Permit diagrams, computations, technical specifications, and other data as required. Give such other data and information as required by the Administrative Authority. Be signed by Owner or permittee, who is required to submit evidence to indicate such authority. Be signed and sealed by the Registered and Licensed Master Plumber. PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS ALL plumbing plans, drawings, diagrams, design analyses, computations as required, technical specifications, bills of materials and other required documents for all types of occupancy shall be prepared, signed and sealed by a Registered and Licensed Master Plumber, without limitations pursuant to Republic Act 1378, as amended. and shall be submitted in six (6) sets of the aforementioned requirements with each application for a permit. RETENTION OF PLANS One set of approved plans, specifications, computations and related data shall be retained by the Administrative Authority. Two (2) sets of approved plans, specifications and data shall be returned to the applicant and Owner, one ( 1) set of which shall be kept at the jobsite at all times while the work is in progress. VALIDITY OF PERMIT The issuance of a permit or approval of plans and specifications shall not be construed as a permit to violate any provision of this Plumbing Code or of any other applicable ordinances. The issuance of a permit shall not prevent the Administrative Authority from thereafter requiring the correction of errors on said plans, specifications and other documents, and from stopping an on-going plumbing installations violative of this Code or of other pertinent ordinances of this Jurisdiction. EXPIRATION A plumbing permit issued under the provisions of this Code shall expire and become null and void if the plumbing work authorized therein is not commenced within one year from the date of such permit or if the plumbing work so authorized is suspended or abandoned at any time after having been commenced for a period of 120 days. SUSPENSION OR REVOCATION The Administrative Authority may, in writing, suspend or revoke a permit issued under the provisions of this Code whenever issued in error or on the basis of incorrect information supplied or in violation of pertinent ordinances, rules and regulations. SPECIAL PROVISIONS All Licensed Master Plumbers registered in accordance with the provisions of Republic Act No. 1378 shall secure for themselves a seal of the standard size and type as required. The same shall be used on all plumbing applications for permits and all plumbing plans prepared by Registered and Licensed Master Plumbers as well as on all documents required in the practice of their profession. SPECIAL PROVISIONS The seal shall be round in shape and shall be inscribed with the following: Registered and Licensed Master Plumber at upper portion of the round seal. Name of Registered and Licensed Master Plumber at the upper center. The registration number shall appear at the center below the name. Philippines, appearing at the lower portion of the round seat. Grade of Horizontal Drainage Piping Horizontal drainage pipes shall be run in practical alignments and at a uniform slope between manholes of not less than 20 mm/m or 2% toward the point of disposal, provided that, where it is impracticable to obtain a 2% slope due to the following constraints in: 1. excessive depth of the proposed drainage line 2. structural and/or geological features of the terrain 3. existing adverse in arrangements of building or structure; any such pipe or piping 102 mm or larger in diameter may have a slope of 10 mm/m or 1% provided it is first approved by the Administrative Authority. CHANGES IN DIRECTION OF DRAINAGE FLOW Changes in direction of drainage piping shall be made by the use of approved pipe fittings and shall be of the angles presented by a 22 l/2° bend, 45° bend, 60° bend or other approved fittings of longer sweeps. Horizontal drainage lines connecting to a vertical stack shall enter through 45° or 60° wye branches, combination wye and 1/8 bend branches, sanitary tee or other approved fittings of longer sweeps. Vertical installation of double sanitary tees may be used when the barrel of the fitting is at least two (2) pipe sizes larger than the largest side inlet. Nominal pipe sizes recognized for these purposes are: 51, 63, 76, 89, 102,114, 127 & 152 mm. diameters. CHANGES IN DIRECTION OF DRAINAGE FLOW Horizontal drainage lines connecting to other horizontal drainage lines shall enter through 45° wye branches, combination wye and 1/8 bend branches or other approved fittings of longer sweeps. Vertical drainage lines connecting to horizontal drainage line shall enter through 4S-degree branches, or other approved fittings of longer sweep Sixty (60) degree branches or offsets may be used only when installed in a true vertical position. CONNECTIONS TO PLUMBING SYSTEM REQUIRED All plumbing fixtures, drains, appurtenances and appliances used to receive or discharge liquid wastes or sewage, shall be connected properly to the drainage systems of the building and premises, in accordance with the requirements of this Code. SEWER REQUIRED Every building where plumbing fixtures are installed shall have a sewer service connection to a public or private sewer systems except as provided in Subsection 305.2 of this section. When a Public or Private Sewer is not available for use, excreta drainage piping from buildings and premises shall be connected to an approved Private Sewage Disposal System. INDUSTRIAL WASTES Wastes detrimental to the public sewer system or to the functioning of the sewage treatment plant shall be treated and disposed of as found necessary and as directed by the Administrative Authority or other authorities having jurisdiction. Sewage or other waste from a plumbing system which may be deleterious to surface or subsurface waters, shall not be discharged into the ground or into any waterway unless first rendered innocuous through subjection to some acceptable form oftreatment. Independent Systems The drainage system of each new building and of new work installed in any existing building shall be separate and independent from that of any other building and when available, every building shall have an independent connection with a private or public sewer. PROTECTION OF PIPING, MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES All pipings passing under or through walls shall be protected from breakage with embedded metal pipe sleeves. All pipes passing through or under cinders or other corrosive materials shall be protected from external corrosion by encasing same with polyethylene sheath or in other approved manner. Approved provisions shall be made for expansions of hot water pipings. Void between pipes and sleeves through concrete floors in the ground shall be appropriately sealed with bitumen. PROTECTION OF PIPING, MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES All pipes in connection with the plumbing system shall be installed so that the piping or connections will not be exposed to undue strains or stresses, and provisions shall be made for pipe expansions and contraction, and bending due to structural settlement. No pipe shall be directly embedded in concrete and masonry walls without metal sleeve. No structural member shall be seriously weakened or impaired by cutting, notching or otherwise. PROTECTION OF PIPING, MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES The bottom of all pipe trenches deeper than the footing of any adjacent building or structure and parallel to it must be at least forty-five (45) degrees therefrom, unless permission is granted by the Administrative Authority. No building sewer or other drainage pipings or part thereof, constructed of materials other than that approved for use under or within the building, shall be installed under or within 0.6 meter of any building or structure, nor less than 0 3 meter below the finish ground surface. PROTECTION OF PIPING, MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES Pipe surfaces subject to undue corrosion, erosion or mechanical damage shall be protected with approved material and manners such as inside lining, outside coating and proper bottom bedding and top shielding with concrete blocks. Hangers and VERTICAL PIPING Support Cast Iron Pipe: Bell & Spigot and Hubless pipe shall be supported at every storey or closer. Screwed Pipe: Iron Pipe Size (IPS) shall be supported at not less than every other storey height. Copper Tubing: shall be supported at each storey or at maximum intervals of 3 meters on center. Lead Pipe: shall be supported at intervals not exceeding 1.20 meters at centers with a rigid vertical back-up. Plastic Pipe: shall be supported at every one (1) meter interval. Hangers and HORIZONTAL PIPING Support Supports: horizontal pipes shall be supported at sufficiently close intervals to keep them in alignment and prevent sagging. Cast Iron Soil Pipe: Where joints occur, suspended cast iron soil pipe shall be supported at not more than 1.5 meters intervals; except that pipe exceeding 1.5 meters length, may be supported at not more than 3 meters intervals. Screwed Pipe: IPS except as provided in other Sections of this Code, shall be supported at approximately 3.0 meters intervals for piping 19mm diameter and smaller and 3.6 meters intervals for piping 25 mm and larger in diameter. Hangers and HORIZONTAL PIPING Support Copper Tubing: shall be supported at approximately 1.8 meters intervals for piping 38 mm diameter and smaller and 3.0 meters intervals for pipings 51 mm and larger in diameter. Lead Pipe: shall be supported by stiff metal or wooden backing for its entire length with hangers properly spaced. In Ground: piping buried in the ground shall be laid on a firm bed for its entire length, except where concrete cradle support is provided. Hangers and HORIZONTAL PIPING Support Plastic Tube: shall be supported by stiff metal or wood backing with hangers in its entire length for small-size tubings up to 38 mm diameter and without backings but with spaced metal hangers at approved spacing for larger-size tubings. MATERIALS Quality of Fixtures - plumbing fixtures shall be manufactured of dense, durable, non-absorbent materials and must have smooth, impervious surfaces, free from unnecessary concealed fouling surfaces. Except as permitted elsewhere in this Code, all fixtures shall conform in quality and design to nationally recognized applicable standard. OVERFLOWS When any fixture is provided with an overflow outlet, the waste shall be so arranged that the standing water inside the fixture cannot rise inside the overflow way when the stopper is closed nor remain inside the overflow way when the fixture is empty. PLUMBING FIXTURES  Use of water closets having invisible seats or unventilated space or having walls, which are not thoroughly washed out at each Prohibited discharge, shall be prohibited. Fixed wooden, concrete, cement, or tile Fixtures washtrays or sinks for domestic use shall not be installed in any building designed for human habitation. No sheet metal lined wooden bathtubs shall be installed or reconnected. No dry or chemical closet (toilet) shall be installed in any building for human habitation, unless first approved by the Health Officer or Administrative Authority. CLEANING Plumbing fixture shall be installed in a manner to provide easy access for repair and cleaning. Where practical, all pipes from fixtures shaH be run parallel and dose to the nearest wall or building line. JOINTS Where a fixture comes in contact with the wall or floor, the joint between the fixture and wall or floor shall be made watertight. SECURING FIXTURES Floor outlet or floor mounted fixtures shall be rigidly secured on the drainage connection and floor when so designed with the use of adequately-sized screws or expansion bolts of copper, brass or other equally corrosion-resistant material. INSTALLATION WALL-HUNG FIXTURES Wall-hung fixtures shall be rigidly supported by metal supporting members or chairs so that no bending or pullout strain is transmitted to the wall. SETTING Fixtures shall be set level and in proper alignment with reference to adjacent walls. No water closet or bidet shall be set closer than 0.375 meter from its center to any side wall or obstruction nor closer than 0.75 meter center to center to any similar fixture. No urinal shall be set closer than 0.3 meter from its center to any sidewall or partition nor closer than 0.6 meter center to center. INSTALLATION FLOOR DRAINS AND SHOWER STALLS Floor drains shall be considered plumbing fixtures and each drain shaH be provided with an approved-type and hinged s.trainer plate having the sum of the areas of the small holes of the strainer plate or gross waterway is equivalent to the cross-sectional area of the tailpiece. Each shower receptor shall be constructed of vitrified china or earthenware, ceramic tile, porcelain-enameled metal or of such other material as may be acceptable to the Administrative Authority. INSTALLATION FLOOR DRAINS AND SHOWER STALLS Each shower receptor shall be an approved type and be constructed to have a finished dam, curb or threshold which is at least 25.4 mm lower than the outside floor at the sides and back of such receptor. ln no case shall any dam or threshold be less than 51 mm nor more than 228 mm in depth when measured from the top of the dam or threshold to the of the drain. The finished floor of the receptor shall slope uniformly from the sides towards the drain not less than 2% or 20 mmlm or more than 4% or 40 mm/m. Thresholds shall be of sufficient width to accommodate a minimum 559 mm wide door. INSTALLATION FLOOR DRAINS AND SHOWER STALLS All shower compartments, regardless of shape, shall have a minimum finished interior area of 0.6 square meter, and shall also be capable of encompassing a 762 mm diameter circle. The minimum area and dimensions shall be maintained from a point above the shower drain outlet to a height of 1.78 meters with no protrusions other than the fixture valve or valves, shower head and safety grab bars or rails. Shower receptors built directly on the ground: Shower receptors built directly on the ground shall be watertight and shall be constructed from approved-type dense, non-absorbent and non- corrosive materials. Each receptor shall be adequately reinforced, provided with an approved flanged floor drain designed to make a watertight joint in the floor, and shall have smooth, impervious and durable surfaces. INSTALLATION FLOOR DRAINS AND SHOWER STALLS Shower receptors built above ground: When shower receptors are built above ground the sub-floor and rough side of walls to a height of no less than 76 mm above the top of the finished dam or threshold shall be first lined with sheet lead or copper or with other durable and watertight materials. All lining materials shall be pitched at a slope of 2% or 20 mm/m to weep holes in the subdrain of a smooth and solidly formed sub-base. No metallic shower sub-pans or linings may be built-up on the jobsite of not less than three (3) layers of standard grade 6.8 kg asphalt- impregnated roofing felt.. INSTALLATION FLOOR DRAINS AND SHOWER STALLS Floors of public shower rooms shall have a non-skid surface and shall be drained in such a manner that wastewater from one bather will not pass over areas occupied by other bathers. Gutters in public or gang shower rooms shall have rounded comers for easy cleaning and shall be sloped not less than two (2) percent toward the drains. Drains in gutters shall be spaced not more than 4.9 meters apart. In the absence of local regulations, showers occupancies other than dwelling units served by individual water heaters shall be provided with individual shower control valves of the pressure balance or the thermostatic mixing valve type. INSTALLATION  Water pressure pipes shall be of brass, copper, centrifugal cast iron (CCI), B & S and F & F ends, ductile cast iron (DCI), galvanized wrought iron, galvanized Materials steel, or other approved PE & PVC water pressure pipe manufactured to recognized standards maybe be used for cold water distribution systems. CPVC water pipe and tubing may be used for hot and cold water distribution systems within a building.  All materials used in the water supply system, except valves and similar devices, shall be of a like material, except where otherwise approved by the Materials Administrative Authority. Cast iron fittings up to and including 51 mm in size, when used in connection with potable water piping shall be galvanized. All small-sized malleable iron water fittings shall be galvanized.  Pipings and tubings which were previously used for any purpose other than for potable water systems shall not Materials he used. Approved plastic materials may be used in water service piping, provided that where metal water service piping is used for electrical grounding purpose and replacement pipings therefore shall be of like materials.  Solder shall conform to the requirements of subsection 1302.4. Materials Water pipes and fittings with a lead content that exceed eight (8) percent shall be prohibited and not used in potable piping systems. VALVES Valves up to and including 51 mm in size shall be brass or other approved materials. Sizes over 51 mm may have cast iron or brass bodies. Full Gateway Valve Conditions: A fullway gate valve controlling all outlets shall be installed on the discharge side of each water meter and on each unmetered water supply Water supply piping supplying more than one building in any premise shall be equipped with a separate fullway gate valve to each building. Shall be installed on the discharge piping from water supply tanks at or near the tank. Shall be installed on the cold water supply pi!)e hJ each water heater near the water heater. VALVES Full Gateway Valve Conditions: Shall be installed for each apartment or dwelling occupied by more than one family. In addition to the main supply shutoff valve for each apartment, individual shutoff gate valves shall be provided for each fixture. A valve used to control two (2) or more openings shall be a fullway gate valve. Control gate valves shall be installed before each water-supplied appliance slip joint, supply pipings for non-metallic fixture and appliance. VALVES All required shutoff or control valves shall be accessible. A single control gate valve shall he installed in a water supply line ahead of any automatic metering valve which supplies a battery of fixtures. SIZE OF POTABLE WATER PIPING The quantity of water required to be supplied to every plumbing fixture shall be represented by "Fixture Units" (FU). FU is a unit of measure, based on the rate of discharge, time of operation and frequency of use of a fixture, that expresses the hydraulic load imposed by that fixture on the sanitary plumbing installation. SIZE OF DRAINAGE PIPING The minimum sizes of vertical and/or horizontal drainage pipings shall he determined from the total of all fixture units connected thereto, and additional, in the case of vertical drainage pipes, in accordance with their height or length. Table 7.5 shows the maximum number of fixture units allowed on any vertical or horizontal drainage pipe, building drain or building sewer of a given size, the maximum number of fixture.units allowed on any branch interval of a given size, the maximum length meters of any vertical drainage pipe of a given size. NOTE The diameter of an individual vent shall not be less than 32 mm nor less in size than one-half (1/2) the diameter of the drain to which it is connected. Fixture unit load values for drainage and vent piping shall be computed from tables 7-2 and 7-3 not to exceed one-third (1/3) of the total permitted length of any vent maybe installed in a horizontal position. When vents are increased one (1) pipe size for their entire length, the maximum length limitations specified in this table do not apply. CLEANOUTS Each horizontal drainage pipe shall be provided with a cleanout at its upper terminal and each run of piping which is more than 15 meters in total developed length shall be provided with a cleanout and at every 15 meter length or a fraction thereof. Cleanouts may be omitted on a horizontal drain line less than 1.5 meter in length unless such line is serving sinks or urinals. Cleanouts may be omitted on short horizontal drainage pipe installed at a slope of seventy two (72) degrees or less from the vertical line (or an angle 1/5 bend). An additional cleanout shall be provided on a horizontal line with an aggregate offset angle of direction exceeding one hundred and thirty-five (135) degrees. Each cleanout shall be installed so it opens in the direction of flow to allow cleaning of the soil or waste line or at right angles thereto and, except in the case of wye branch and end-of-line cleanouts, shall be installed vertically above the flow line of the pipe. Each cleanout, unless installed under an approved cover plate, shall be above grade, readily accessible. and so located to serve the purpose it is intended. Cleanouts located under cover plates shall be installed to provide the clearances and accessibility required by this Section. Each cleanout in piping 51 mm or less in size shall be installed so that there is a clearance of not less than 305mm in front of the cleanout. Cleanouts in piping larger than 51 mm shall have a clearance of not less than 0.45 m in front o f the cleanout. Cleanouts in under floor piping shall be extended to or above the finished floor or shall be extended outside the building when there is less than 0.45 meter vertical and 0.75 meter horizontal clearance from the means o f access to such cleanout. No underfloor cleanout in any residential occupancy shall be located more than 6.1 meters from an access door, trap door or crawl hole. CHEMICAL WASTES Chemical or industrial liquid wastes likely to damage maintenance costs on the excreta sewer system, detrimentally affect sewage treatment or contaminate surface or subsurface waters, shall be pretreated to render them innocuous prior to their discharge into a drainage system. Detailed plans and specifications of pretreatment facilities shall be required by the Administrative Authority. Each waste pipe receiving or intended to receive the discharge of any fixture where acid or corrosive chemical is placed and each vent pipe connected thereto, shall be constructed of chemical-resistant glass-lined pipe, high silicon iron pipe, lead pipe not less than 3.2 mm wall thickness, an approved type of ceramic glazed or unglazed vitrified clay or other approved corrosion resistant material.  Vents Required Vents and Each plumbing fixture trap, except as Ventilation otherwise provided in this Code, shall be protected against siphonage and back- pressure. Air circulation shall be assured throughout all parts of the excreta drainage system by means of vent pipes installed in accordance with the requirements of this code. MATERIALS Vent pipes shall be cast iron, ductile cast iron, galvanized steel, galvanized wrought iron, lead, copper, brass, Schedule 40, ABS, DWV, Series 1000, PVC, DWV or other approved materials having a smooth and uniform bore except that: No galvanized wrought iron or galvanized steel pipe shall be used underground and shall be kept at least 15 mm. above ground. Horizontal and vertical vent lines and vent stacks shall be copper, cast iron galvanized wrought iron or polyvinyl chloride pipes. VENT PIPE GRADES AND CONNECTIONS Unless prohibited by structural conditions, each vent shall rise vertically to a point not less than 152 mm. above the highest flood level rim of the fixtures served before offsetting horizontally to join the vent stack or stack vent and the bottom connection shall be installed with approved drainage fittings and installed with proper grade to the horizontal drain. The vent through the roof (VSTR) shall be increased one (1) pipe size above the reconnection point of stack vent and horizontal vent. Two (2) fixtures may be served by a common vertical vent pipe when each such fixture wastes separately into an approved double branch fitting having inlet openings at the same level. VENT TERMINATION Each vent pipe or stack through roof (SVTR) shall extend its flashing all around and the stack vent shall terminate vertically not less than 15 cm above the roof nor less than 0.3 meter from any vertical surface nearby. Each vent opening shall terminate not less than three (3) meters from, or at least 0.9 meter above any openable window, door opening, air intake or vent shaft, nor less than 0.9 meter away from any lot line, alley and street boundary lines. Vertical vent pipes for outdoor installations shall extend to at least 3 meter distant from any part of the roof that is used tor other purposes and shall extend not less than 2.1 meter above such roof and shall be securely stayed.  General Requirement Storm Storm drainage is required for roof areas, courts and courtyards to collect stormwater Drainage and discharge the stormwater to an approved point of disposal not in conflict with other ordinances or regulations. System Connection and Installation Rainwater piping shall not be used as soil, waste & vent pipes. Rainwater piping installed in locations where they may be subjected to damage shaH be protected. MATERIALS Roof drains shall be of cast iron, copper. or other corrosion-resistant materials. Roof drains passing through the roof into the interior of a building shall be made watertight at the roof level by the use of C.l. drain with integrally cast waterstop ring around the outside of body and placed at mid-depth of the concrete roof slab and the installation of a clamped suitable flashing material around the drain.