BSc 215 Final Guide PDF

Give the proper order for the path of a sperm from its initial development to the ductus (vas) deferens. Seminiferous tubules > rete testes > efferent ductules > epididymis > ductus deferens Put the following steps of spermatogenesis in the correct order: Type B daughter cell > growth > primary sp...

Give the proper order for the path of a sperm from its initial development to the ductus (vas) deferens. Seminiferous tubules > rete testes > efferent ductules > epididymis > ductus deferens Put the following steps of spermatogenesis in the correct order: Type B daughter cell > growth > primary spermatocyte > meiosis I > secondary spermatocyte > meiosis II > spermatids After leaving the ductus (vas) deferens sperm travels through the last 3 structures in what order? Ampulla > ejaculatory duct > urethra Which of the following occurs during spermiogenesis ( the production of tailed sperm)? Mitochondria multiply and accumulate high numbers in the sperm 3 multiple choice options The main outcome of meiosis is: The production of haploid gametes that are genetically different from one another What is the main hormone that stimulates milk production for breastfeeding? Prolactin What is the only form of prenatal nutrition before implantation of the blastocyst into the uterine wall? Uterine Milk Mature sperm are stored in the ______ for 40-60 days. If they are not used during this time they will be reabsorbed. (Tail of) Epididymis Which of the following structures of the female reproductive anatomy is homologous to the scrotum of males? Labia Majora The SRY gene on the Y chromosome codes for the protein,____________, which initiates the development of the testes. At 8-9 weeks, ___________ is secreted to develop the mesonephric ducts into the male anatomy. testes-determining factor (TDF), testosterone During the emission stage of male orgasm, _______ signals stimulate peristalsis to propel sperm through the ducts. Sympathetic True or False: The absence of androgen hormones (testosterone) is the main factor that controls the development of the female gonads. True Which of the following structures acts to regulate temperature in the scrotum by relaxing to suspend the testes further from the body? Cremaster muscle Spermatogonia undergo mitosis to give rise to Type A and Type B daughter cells. Which of the following is a true statement about Type B daughter cells? They are destined to become sperm The bulbourethral gland produces which of the following? Clear slippery secretion that neutralizes acidity of leftover urine in the male urethra An example of primary sex organ would be: Testes When a sperm encounters an egg, it first penetrates the _______ and then the ______ of the oocyte (egg). Granulosa cells, Zona Pellucida True or False: Sperm penetration into the egg releases an inflow of calcium that causes the fast block (depolarization of the egg membrane). False Sperm penetration into the egg releases an inflow of ____ that causes the fast block (depolarization of the egg membrane). sodium (Na+) During cleavage, the blastocyst is formed around day 5. What layer of the blastocyst will form the embryonic disk and differentiate into the three primary germ layers (in other words, what layer is destined to become the embryo)? Inner cell mass- embryoblast During implantation of the blastocyst into the uterine wall, the blastocyst (specifically, the trophoblast) secretes the hormone ______, which stimulates the corpus luteum to produce estrogen and progesterone. human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) Which of the primary germ layers forms most of the mucosal epithelium of the respiratory tract? Endoderm True or False: The presence of all the organs at the end of 8 weeks marks the time when the embryo becomes a fetus. True What is the only source of prenatal nutrition for the first week after implantation, and the dominant source of nutrition through the end of the weeks? Trophoblastic nutrition True or False: The placenta does NOT secrete hormones; it only provides nutritional, excretory, and respiratory functions False By the end of week _____of prenatal development, the body of the fetus is covered with lanugo and brown fat forms 20 The finger-like structures associated with the fallopian (uterine) tubes that help to draw the oocyte into the female reproductive tract from the ovary are called: fimbriae True or False: Pubarche, or the onset of breast development, is the earliest noticeable sign of puberty in females. False _____, or the onset of breast development, is the earliest noticeable sign of puberty in females. thelarche At the onset of female puberty, Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulates the _______ to produce luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). anterior pituitary The innermost layer of the uterus, which is the site of embryonic attachment is called the Endometrium During female puberty, the hormone ________ is important in stimulating growth of the ovaries and secondary sex organs, while the hormone _________ primarily prepares the uterus for possible pregnancy. Estrogen (Estradiol) and Progesterone True or False: When ovulation occurs, the oocyte has already completed both Meiosis I and Meiosis II. False Ovulation results in the formation of the _________, which produces large amounts of progesterone that will act to thicken the endometrial wall of the uterus. Corpus Luteum Which of the following hormones causes uterine contractions during labor, and is secreted by the posterior pituitary in response to the stretching of the cervix by the head of the fetus? Oxytocin (OT) Which of the primary germ layers forms the connective tissues, ureters, gonads, and genital ducts? mesoderm True or False: The luteal phase of the ovarian cycle typically occurs from days 1-14 and ends when ovulation occurs. False Which of the following phases of the menstrual cycle occurs from day 15 to day 26, and is characterized by the drastic thickening of the endometrium in response to progesterone secretion by the corpus luteum? Secretory phase The product of fertilization in order of increasing development is as follows: Zygote, blastocyst, embryo, fetus Which of the following hormones does NOT significantly influence pregnancy (i.e., after fertilization)? Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) The major hormones involved during the course of pregnancy are primarily secreted by the: Placenta List the four recognizable phases of the sexual response in order from start to finish. Excitement > Plateau > Orgasm > Resolution What is the female copulatory organ? Vagina In preparation for labor, the fetus usually turns "head down" into the _________ position during the _________ week of gestation. Vertex, 28 At which week of development are the external genitalia clearly differentiated as male or female? 12th week True or False: Colostrum forms in late pregnancy and is similar to breast milk in lactose and fat but contains three times as much protein. False ____ forms in late pregnancy and is similar to breast milk in protein and lactose, but contains one-third less fat. colostrum True or False: The female reproductive tract develops from the paramesonephric (mullerian) ducts, and the male reproductive tract develops from the mesonephric (wolffian) ducts. True True or False: An oocyte fertilized by two sperm has a high probability of survival. False True or False: Ovulation is usually alternated between left and right ovaries from month to month. For example, the left ovary will ovulate one month, and the right ovary the next month. True Which of the following statements is true about the premenstrual phase of the menstrual cycle? Brings about tissue necrosis of the endometrium and menstrual cramps During the late follicular phase of the ovarian cycle, the developing follicle will secrete more and more ______, which leads to a large surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) to help complete ovulation. estradiol ________ is the midlife change in hormone secretion in females, which is accompanied by ________, the cessation of menstruation. Climacteric, menopause From one original cell, what is produced at the conclusion of meiosis II of spermatogenesis? four genetically unique daughter cells, each with 23 nonreplicated chromosomes During an erection, blood from the testicular arteries fills the vascular spaces of the? corpus cavernosum of the penis The organ systems rudimentarily form during which period? embryonic What triggers the acrosomal reaction? the binding of the sperm cells to the zona pellucida What does the ectoderm form? the majority of the nervous system and sense organs What does the mesoderm form? the gonads, kidneys, and spleen of the developing embryo What does the endoderm form? the majority of the liver, the gallbladder, and pancreas Which vascular shunt connects the fetal left and right atria? the foramen ovale Where do the first blood cells in humans arise from? the yolk sac What is the first major event of organogenesis? neurulation The ____ will be established by week 12 of prenatal development. placenta Approximately _____ days after fertilization, a fetus is considered full-term and ready to be born. 266 What is the fetal hormone that initiates labor? cortisol